一、基本句型:S + V + O
👉 定义:
主语对宾语执行一个动作。
S(主语) + V(谓语动词) + O(宾语)
✅ 例句:
句子 结构分析
I like apples. S=I,V=like,O=apples
She reads books. S=She,V=reads,O=books
They built a house. S=They,V=built,O=a house
✏️ 语义特征:
宾语 是 动作的承受者。
动词必须是 及物动词(transitive verb)。
→ 不能单独出现,需要带宾语。
二、延伸句型类型
在 “S + V + O” 基础上,有若干常见延伸:
1️⃣ S + V + O + O(双宾语句型)
➡️ 动词后面带两个宾语:间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)
英文 结构分析
He gave me a gift. S=He,V=gave,O₁=me(间接宾语),O₂=a gift(直接宾语)
She told him a secret. told(谓语) → him(人) + a secret(事物)
🔁 可转化为:
He gave a gift to me.
She told a secret to him.
📘 规律:
“人 + 物”结构 = 无介词。
“物 + to/for + 人”结构 = 有介词。
2️⃣ S + V + O + C(宾语补足语句型)
➡️ “宾语 + 补足语” 一起构成完整意义。
英文 结构分析
I found the book interesting. S=I,V=found,O=the book,C=interesting(补足语)
They made him 船长. O=him,C=captain(补足语)
🔍 宾语补足语(O.C.)的作用:
用来说明宾语的“状态”或“结果”。
🧩 常见补足语类型:
类型 例子
形容词 I found it useful.
名词 They elected him chairman.
不定式 She asked me to help.
现在分词 I saw him running.
过去分词 We heard the song sung.
3️⃣ S + V + O + 状语
➡️ 有时宾语后面加上地点、时间、方式等状语补充信息。
英文 结构分析
She put the book on the table. O=the book,状语=on the table
I met her at the station. O=her,状语=at the station
💡 状语不是句型核心成分,但常出现。
三、动词决定句型
不同动词决定句型类型:
动词类型 示例 句型
不及物动词 sleep, arrive S + V
及物动词(单宾) like, build S + V + O
双宾动词 give, tell S + V + O + O
复杂及物动词 make, find, call S + V + O + C
四、延伸练习与理解强化
✍️ 例句改写:
She gave me a flower.
→ She gave a flower to me.
They made him angry.
→ He was made angry (by them).
I saw her dancing.
→ I saw her dance (两种时态 nuance 不同)。
五、总结图表
基本句型 中文结构 核心意义 举例
S + V + O 主 + 谓 + 宾 动作作用于对象 I like music.
S + V + O + O 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 给与、告知等双受者 He gave me a gift.
S + V + O + C 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 说明宾语状态结果 I found it interesting.