hive ddl dml hivesql命令大全

SELECT T.sname,T.ctfid,T.gender,t.address,count(*) OVER(PARTITION BY T.sname) AS FM_CNTFROM test_db.room3 T WHERE  T.address like "%北京%" AND instr(T.ctfid,'310')>0
ORDER BY FM_CNT DESC;select gender,sum(cnt) as cnt from test_db.room2_view where length(trim(gender))>0 group by gender order by cnt desc;desc test_db.room2;-- DROP TABLE default.room2_gender_out PURGE ;-- 删除数据库
//DROP DATABASE db_hive1;// 1.创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS db_hive1COMMENT "hive学习教程数据库" --数据库备注LOCATION '/hivedata/db_hive1' --数据库存储hdfs路径WITH DBPROPERTIES ("create_dt"="2025-12-07","create_user"="hadoop") --数据库信息k,v
;//查看数据库
SHOW DATABASES LIKE "*db*";//查看数据库的信息
describe DATABASE EXTENDED db_hive1;//查看更多信息
DESC DATABASE EXTENDED db_hive1;//2.修改数据库
ALTER DATABASE db_hive1 set DBPROPERTIES ("create_dt"="2025-12-08","create_user"="wwwdp") ;
ALTER DATABASE db_hive1 set LOCATION '/hivedata/db_hive1'; --数据库存储hdfs路径
ALTER DATABASE db_hive1 set OWNER USER hadoop; -- 修改数据库归属用户-- 删除数据库
//DROP DATABASE db_hive1 RESTRICT ; --数据库不为空删除失败
//DROP DATABASE db_hive1 CASCADE ; -- 将表和库一并 删除//切换数据库
use test_db;// 3 建表操作
-- 内部表
drop table db_hive1.tb_test1 purge ;
CREATE TABLE db_hive1.tb_test1
(dat_dt date COMMENT "DATE",
idky bigint COMMENT "主键",
amt decimal(30,4) COMMENT "AMT",
name varchar(4000) COMMENT "NAME",
work_list array<string> COMMENT "ARRAY",
addr_map MAP<string,string> COMMENT "Map"
)
COMMENT "nei bu biao"
--location "/hivedata/db_hive1/tb_test1"
-- row format delimited
-- ROW FORMAT SERDE ''
STORED AS orc -- textfile/orc/parquet
TBLPROPERTIES ("create_dt"="20251207")
;
INSERT INTO db_hive1.tb_test1 VALUES
(date '2023-10-01', 123456789, 1234.5678, 'John Doe',array('work1', 'work2'), map('city', 'New York', 'country', 'USA'));select * from db_hive1.tb_test1 t;
select t.dat_dt,t.idky,t.name,t.work_list[0],t.work_list[1],t.addr_map["city"],t.addr_map["country"]from db_hive1.tb_test1 t;-- 查看建表信息
desc extended db_hive1.tb_test1;//会话临时表
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE db_hive1.tb_test2
(dat_dt date,
idky int,
name string)
COMMENT "nei bu biao"
STORED AS ORC -- textfile/orc/parquet
;
-- select * from db_hive1.tb_test2;--外部表
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE db_hive1.tb_test3
(dat_dt date,
idky int,
name string)
COMMENT "nei bu biao"
location "/hivedata/db_hive1/tb_test3"
STORED AS orc -- textfile/orc/parquet
TBLPROPERTIES ("tab"="tb_test3")
;desc extended db_hive1.tb_test3;select date '2024-10-01' dat;-- 数据类型
select cast('908.342' as decimal(30,4)) as vles;-- 建表 like语法
CREATE TABLE db_hive1.room4 like db_hive1.tb_test1;-- 建表 as语法
drop table  db_hive1.room4 purge ;
create table db_hive1.room4 asselect * from test_db.room3;use db_hive1;select * from db_hive1.room4 r where r.address like "%剑河%";-- 查看 ddl 建表语句
show create table db_hive1.tb_test1;SELECT T.sname,T.ctfid,T.gender,t.address,count(*) OVER(PARTITION BY T.sname) AS FM_CNTFROM db_hive1.room4 T WHERE  T.address like "%北京%" AND instr(T.ctfid,'310')>0
ORDER BY FM_CNT DESC;-- 建表指定分隔符
CREATE TABLE db_hive1.tb_test5
(dat_dt date,
idky int,
name string)
COMMENT "nei bu biao"
location "/hivedata/db_hive1/tb_test5"
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY "|@|"
STORED AS orc -- textfile/orc/parquet
TBLPROPERTIES ("tab"="tb_test3")
;-- 可以使用 hdfs 提交数据值 tb_test5 要求 input.txt 每行字段直接分隔符苇 |@|
-- hdfs dfs -put input.txt /hivedata/db_hive1/tb_test5-- 创建json对接hive表可以直接 put就可以插入数据
drop table db_hive1.teacher;
create table db_hive1.teacher(name string comment "name",friend array<varchar(256)> comment "fred",students map<string,int> comment "students",adderss struct<city:string,amt:decimal(30,4),room:array<int>> comment "adderss"
)
--row format serde 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe'  -- 指定 json
--location "/hivedata/db_hive1/teacher"
;INSERT INTO db_hive1.teacher
select "hadoop1" as name,array("fdaf","fdafdfff") as friend,map("city",64) as students,struct("guiyangshi",123.543,array(9,0,32)) as adderss;INSERT INTO db_hive1.teacher
values ("hadoop1",array("fdaf", "fdaffdas"),map("city", 64),struct("guiyangshi", 123.543, `array`(1,2,3,4)));select * from teacher;// 查看表信息
desc extended teacher;
desc formatted teacher;
show tables in db_hive1 "teacher" ;//修改表的语法
drop table stu;
create table db_hive1.stu
(id int,
name string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ",";ALTER TABLE stu RENAME TO  stu1;
//添加字段
ALTER TABLE stu add columns(gender string);
-- 修改字段
set hive.metastore.disallow.incompatible.col.type.changes=false;alter table stu1 change column gender  gend string after name;alter table db_hive1.stu1 replace columns(id int,name string,gend string);-- 清空表只对内部表有用，对外部表无效
truncate table db_hive1.stu;desc stu;-- 二、 数据增删改查  DML
-- 本地导入  OVERWRITE 覆盖的意思，不加则 追加。 inpath 对应的local 节点是 你服务启动的 节点
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH "/home/hadoop/stu.txt"  INTO TABLE db_hive1.stu;
-- HDFS分布式文件路径
LOAD DATA INPATH "" OVERWRITE INTO TABLE db_hive1.stu;-- 分区表
-- LOAD DATA INPATH "" OVERWRITE INTO TABLE db_hive1.stu PARTITION (....);select * from db_hive1.stu;//多条数据插入
insert into db_hive1.stu
values(1,"faf"),(2,"test");-- 把查询sql的数据 写入到本地对应路径的
insert overwrite local directory "/home/hadoop/data/stu" row format serde "org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.JsonSerDe"
select id,name from db_hive1.stu;-- 导出和导入EXPORT TABLE db_hive1.stu to "/hivedata/stuout"; -- 导出数据及元数据，到hdfs 文件系统上
IMPORT /*external*/ TABLE stu from "hivedata/stuout"; -- 导入表元数据及数据 external 声明外部表// 三、hive查询语句
//SELECT * FROM stu WHERE ID = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING count(*)>1 ORDER BY id LIMIT 1,10;SELECT * FROM test_db.room2_view limit 4;SELECT * FROM test_db.room2_view w where not w.gender ='12';SELECT * FROM db_hive1.stu T WHERE T.id BETWEEN 0 AND 2;SELECT * FROM db_hive1.stu T WHERE nvl(T.id,1) IN(0,1);SELECT * FROM db_hive1.stu T where T.name like "%f%";SELECT * FROM db_hive1.stu T where T.name regexp "正则表达式";
-- 逻辑语句 and or not
-- 聚合函数 count(*) avg() max() min(*)-- 本地模式
// set mapreduce.framework.name local;