Spring 事务配置5种方式

 Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

 DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

 具体如下图：

 

 根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"><bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /></bean>  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><!-- 配置DAO --><bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><bean id="userDao"  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /><!-- 配置事务属性 -->  <property name="transactionAttributes">  <props>  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop></props>  </property>  </bean>  
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"><bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /></bean>  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><bean id="transactionBase"  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  <property name="transactionAttributes">  <props>  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  </props>  </property>  </bean>    <!-- 配置DAO --><bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   </bean>
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"><bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /></bean>  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean> <bean id="transactionInterceptor"  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  <property name="transactionAttributes">  <props>  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  </props>  </property>  </bean><bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  <property name="beanNames">  <list>  <value>*Dao</value></list>  </property>  <property name="interceptorNames">  <list>  <value>transactionInterceptor</value>  </list>  </property>  </bean>  <!-- 配置DAO --><bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean>
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"><context:annotation-config /><context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /><bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /></bean>  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"><tx:attributes><tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /></tx:attributes></tx:advice><aop:config><aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /><aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />        </aop:config>      
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"><context:annotation-config /><context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/><bean id="sessionFactory"  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /></bean>  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  <bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean></beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;import java.util.List;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {public List<User> listUsers() {return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();}}