浙江省住房城乡建设厅官方网站,阿里云服务器网站建设,山东展厅设计公司,网站开发合同缺陷IP命令 从centos7以前我们一直使用ifconfig命令来执行网络相关的任务,比如检查和配置网卡信息#xff0c;但是ifconfig已经不再被维护#xff0c;并且在最近版本的Linux中被废除了#xff01;ifconfig命令已经被ip命令所代替了。 ip 命令跟 ifconfig 命令有些类似#xff…IP命令 从centos7以前我们一直使用ifconfig命令来执行网络相关的任务,比如检查和配置网卡信息但是ifconfig已经不再被维护并且在最近版本的Linux中被废除了ifconfig命令已经被ip命令所代替了。 ip 命令跟 ifconfig 命令有些类似但是强力的多他有许多新功能。ip 命令完成很多ifconfig命令无法完成的任务。   1、检查网卡信息  检查网卡的诸如IP地址子网等网络信息使用ip addr show或者 #ip a    或者 #ip a s # ip addr show 1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: teql0: NOARP mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 100     link/void 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: vlan80eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.8.4/24 scope global vlan80        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever …………………………《省略》 9: vlan600eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.60.4/24 scope global vlan600        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 10: vlan240eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.24.4/24 scope global vlan240        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 想查看某块网卡的信息则命令为    # ip a s eth0 # ip a s eth0 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff # ip a s vlan600 9: vlan600eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.60.4/24 scope global vlan600        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # 2、启动/禁用网卡 # ip link set eth0 up # ip link set eth0 down 3、为网卡分配IP地址以及其他网络信息 为网卡分配IP地址使用下面命令 ip addr add 192.168.20.250/255.255.255.0 dev eth0 删除的时候add 换成delete或者del # ip addr add 192.168.20.250/255.255.255.0 dev eth0 # ifconfig …… eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04           inet addr:192.168.20.250  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:4158 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:17296 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:297557 TX bytes:1769714           Interrupt:196 Base address:0x3000 # ip addr delete 192.168.13.4/255.255.255.0 dev vlan130 # ip addr add 192.168.13.5/255.255.255.0 dev vlan130 # ip a s vlan130 6: vlan130eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.13.5/24 scope global vlan130        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # //使用ip命令来设置广播地址。默认是没有设置广播地址的设置广播地址的命令为 // ip addr add broadcast 192.168.1.255 dev eth0     // 暂时不好用 根据IP地址设置标准的广播地址   #ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 brd dev eth0 # ip a s eth0 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff # ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 brd dev eth0 # ip a s eth0 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.1.10/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # 4、为网卡添加别名添加多个IP ip addr add 192.168.1.20/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1 # ip addr add 192.168.1.20/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1 # ip a s eth0 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.1.20/24 scope global eth0:1        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # ip addr add 192.168.2.20/24 dev eth0 label eth0:2 # ip a s eth0 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.1.20/24 scope global eth0:1        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet 192.168.2.20/24 scope global eth0:2        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # ip addr add 192.168.3.20/24 dev eth0 label eth0:45 # ip a s eth0 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.1.20/24 scope global eth0:1        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet 192.168.2.20/24 scope global eth0:2        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet 192.168.3.20/24 scope global eth0:45        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # 5、查看路由信息 ip route show ip route get 192.168.60.1 # ip route 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.20 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.2.20 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.3.20 192.168.8.0/24 dev vlan80  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.8.4 192.168.60.0/24 dev vlan600  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.60.4 # ip route get 192.168.60.1 192.168.60.1 dev vlan600  src 192.168.60.4     cache # ip route get 192.168.60.4 local 192.168.60.4 dev lo  src 192.168.60.4     cache local # 6、添加静态路由 {指令添加是临时有效永久修改可以修改路由文件ubuntu /etc/network/interfaces} 添加默认路由  ip route add default via 192.168.1.150 # ip addr add 192.168.70.1/24 dev eth0 label eth0:70 # ip route add default via 192.168.70.1 RTNETLINK answers: File exists # ip route del default via 192.168.1.1 # ip route add default via 192.168.70.1 # ip route default via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.20 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.2.20 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.3.20 192.168.8.0/24 dev vlan80  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.8.4 192.168.70.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.70.1 # 修改某个网卡上的ip的路由  ip route add 192.168.2.1 via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 # ip route add 192.168.2.1 via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 # ip route default via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.20 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.2.20 192.168.2.1 via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.3.20 192.168.8.0/24 dev vlan80  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.8.4 192.168.70.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.70.1 # 删除路由 ip route del  via 192.168.70.1 ip route del  192.168.2.1 via 192.168.70.1 # ip route default via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.20 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.2.20 192.168.2.1 via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.3.20 192.168.8.0/24 dev vlan80  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.8.4 192.168.70.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.70.1 # ip route del  via 192.168.70.1 # ip route 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.20 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.2.20 192.168.2.1 via 192.168.70.1 dev eth0 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.3.20 192.168.8.0/24 dev vlan80  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.8.4 192.168.70.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.70.1 # ip route del  192.168.2.1 via 192.168.70.1 # ip route 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.20 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.2.20 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.3.20 192.168.8.0/24 dev vlan80  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.8.4 192.168.70.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.70.1 # 7、查看ARP表 ip neigh # ip neigh 192.168.60.1 dev vlan600 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.20.3 dev vlan200 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:03 PERMANENT 192.168.15.1 dev vlan150 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.24.1 dev vlan240 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.8.1 dev vlan80 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.9.199 dev vlan90 lladdr 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:00 STALE 192.168.9.102 dev vlan90 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 DELAY # 8、修改ARP 添加 arp ip neigh add 192.168.60.1 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 dev vlan90 nud perm # ip neigh add 192.168.60.1 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 dev vlan90 nud perm # ip neigh 192.168.60.1 dev vlan600 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.20.3 dev vlan200 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:03 PERMANENT 192.168.15.1 dev vlan150 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.24.1 dev vlan240 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.8.1 dev vlan80 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.60.1 dev vlan90 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 PERMANENT 192.168.9.199 dev vlan90 lladdr 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:00 STALE 192.168.9.102 dev vlan90 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 REACHABLE # nud的意思是“neghbour state”网络邻居状态他的值可以是 perm - 永久有效并且只能被管理员删除noarp - 记录有效但在生命周期过期后就允许被删除了stale - 记录有效但可能已经过期reachable - 记录有效但超时后就失效了 删除arp # ip neigh del 192.168.8.1 dev vlan80 # ip neigh del 192.168.8.1 dev vlan80 # ip neigh 192.168.60.1 dev vlan600 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.20.3 dev vlan200 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:03 PERMANENT 192.168.15.1 dev vlan150 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.24.1 dev vlan240 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:01 PERMANENT 192.168.60.1 dev vlan90 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 PERMANENT 192.168.9.199 dev vlan90 lladdr 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:00 STALE 192.168.9.102 dev vlan90 lladdr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 REACHABLE # 9、查看网络统计信息 #ip -s link 查看网络统计信息比如所有网卡上传输的字节数和报文数错误或者丢弃的报文数等 # ip -s link 1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast     32770129   394476   0       0       0       0     TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns     32770129   394476   0       0       0       0 2: teql0: NOARP mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 100     link/void     RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast     0          0        0       0       0       0     TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns     0          0        0       0       0       0 3: eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast     2544171    36344    0       0       0       0     TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns     23763484   231025   0       0       0       0 4: vlan80eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast     0          0        0       0       0       0     TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns     0          0        0       0       0       0 ………………………… 10、设置VLAN ip link add link eth0 name vlan500 type vlan id 500 # ip link add link eth0 name vlan500 type vlan id 500 # ifconfig 这个是时候并未启动网卡 # ip a ……………… 10: vlan240eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.24.4/24 scope global vlan240        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 11: vlan500eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff # ip link set vlan500 up ……………… vlan200   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04           inet addr:192.168.20.4  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0           inet6 addr: fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 Scope: Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:15743 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:0 TX bytes:1393636 vlan500   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:0 TX bytes:0 11、修改MAC ip link set vlan500 address aa:bb:cc:dd:00:05 # ip link set vlan500 address aa:bb:cc:dd:00:05 # ip addr add 192.168.50.4/255.255.255.0 dev vlan500 #ip a ………… 10: vlan240eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.24.4/24 scope global vlan240        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::a8bb:ccff:fedd:4/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 11: vlan500eth0: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000     link/ether aa:bb:cc:dd:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.50.4/24 scope global vlan500        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever