1.添加权限

在module.json5文件中添加权限

// 声明应用需要请求的权限列表
"requestPermissions": [{"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC", // 权限名称：分布式数据同步权限"reason": "$string:distributed_database_reason",// 权限使用原因说明（引用string资源）"usedScene": { // 权限使用场景配置"abilities": ["MFStorageManager"], // 声明需要使用该权限的Ability列表"when": "always" // 权限调用时机：always表示始终需要}}
]

/resources/base/element/string.json

{"string": [{"name": "distributed_database_reason","value": "用于保存用户配置信息"}]
}

2.封装可视化数据持久工具

import preferences from '@ohos.data.preferences';
import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
import ConsoleLog from '../extension/ConsoleLog';
import { isBlank } from '../extension/StringExtensions';/*** 配置项类型定义* @property key - 存储键名（建议使用下划线命名法）* @property defaultValue - 默认值（必须为字符串类型）* @property valueType - 值类型声明（用于类型校验）*/
interface StoragePreferenceItem {key: string;defaultValue: string;valueType: 'string';
}export class MFStorageManager {/*** 预定义配置项列表* @remark 使用readonly确保配置不可变* @remark valueType使用类型断言保证字面量类型*/private static readonly CONFIG_LIST: StoragePreferenceItem[] = [{ key: 'token', defaultValue: '', valueType: 'string' },{ key: 'user_id', defaultValue: '', valueType: 'string' },{ key: 'last_login', defaultValue: '', valueType: 'string' }];// 存储实例引用private static prefs: preferences.Preferences | null = null;/*** 初始化配置管理器* @param context - 应用上下文对象* @throws 当底层存储初始化失败时记录错误日志*/static async initialize(context: Context): Promise<void> {try {MFStorageManager.prefs = await preferences.getPreferences(context, 'app_config');await MFStorageManager.checkDefaults();await AppDataSingleton.getInstance().syncFromStorage();ConsoleLog.log('配置管理器初始化完成');} catch (err) {ConsoleLog.error(`初始化失败: ${(err as BusinessError).message}`);}}/*** 配置项默认值检查* @remark 自动填充未初始化的配置项* @private 内部方法*/private static async checkDefaults(): Promise<void> {if (!MFStorageManager.prefs) return;for (const item of MFStorageManager.CONFIG_LIST) {const current = await MFStorageManager.prefs.get(item.key, item.defaultValue);if (current === item.defaultValue) {await MFStorageManager.prefs.put(item.key, item.defaultValue);}}await MFStorageManager.prefs.flush();}/*** 获取配置值* @param key - 目标配置键* @returns 配置值的字符串形式* @throws 未初始化或无效键名时抛出错误*/static async get(key: string): Promise<string> {if (!MFStorageManager.prefs) {ConsoleLog.error('请先调用StorageManager的initialize初始化');return "";}const target = MFStorageManager.CONFIG_LIST.find(item => item.key === key);if (!target) {ConsoleLog.error(`无效的配置项: ${key}`);return "";}return await MFStorageManager.prefs.get(target.key, target.defaultValue) as string;}/*** 更新配置值* @param key - 目标配置键* @param value - 新字符串值* @throws 未初始化或无效键名时抛出错误*/static async set(key: string, value: string): Promise<void> {if (!MFStorageManager.prefs) {ConsoleLog.error('请先调用StorageManager的initialize初始化');return;}const target = MFStorageManager.CONFIG_LIST.find(item => item.key === key);if (!target) {ConsoleLog.error(`无效的配置项: ${key}`);return;}await MFStorageManager.prefs.put(target.key, value);await MFStorageManager.prefs.flush();// 同步更新单例数据const instance = AppDataSingleton.getInstance();switch(key) {case 'token': instance.token = value; break;case 'user_id': instance.user_id = value; break;case 'last_login': instance.last_login = value; break;}}/*** 选择性清除缓存数据* @param ignoredKeys - 需要保留的键名数组* @remark 保留的配置项将保持当前值不变*/static async cleanData(ignoredKeys: string[] = []): Promise<void> {if (!MFStorageManager.prefs) {ConsoleLog.error('请先调用StorageManager的initialize初始化');return;}// 获取需要清理的配置项（排除忽略字段）const needCleanItems = MFStorageManager.CONFIG_LIST.filter(item => !ignoredKeys.includes(item.key));// 批量重置为默认值for (const item of needCleanItems) {await MFStorageManager.prefs.put(item.key, item.defaultValue);// 同步重置单例数据const instance = AppDataSingleton.getInstance();switch(item.key) {case 'token': instance.token = item.defaultValue; break;case 'user_id': instance.user_id = item.defaultValue; break;case 'last_login': instance.last_login = item.defaultValue; break;}}await MFStorageManager.prefs.flush();ConsoleLog.log('缓存清理完成，忽略字段:', ignoredKeys);}
}/*** 用单例同步持久化的数据，避免每次使用数据都要去preferences中获取。*/
class AppDataSingleton {private static instance: AppDataSingleton;token: string = '';user_id: string = '';last_login: string = '';private constructor() {}public static getInstance(): AppDataSingleton {if (!AppDataSingleton.instance) {AppDataSingleton.instance = new AppDataSingleton();}return AppDataSingleton.instance;}/// 同步数据public async syncFromStorage() {this.token = await MFStorageManager.get('token');this.user_id = await MFStorageManager.get('user_id');this.last_login = await MFStorageManager.get('last_login');}/// 是否登录isLogin(): boolean {return isBlank(this.token) ? false : true;}}
export const AppStorageData = AppDataSingleton.getInstance();

自定义ConsoleLog为打印添加前缀，便于筛选出自己的打印的内容。

/// 为console打印添加前缀
class ConsoleLog {private static readonly PREFIX: string = 'gamin';static log(...args: (string | number | boolean | object)[]): void {console.log(ConsoleLog.PREFIX, ...args);}static error(...args: (string | number | boolean | object)[]): void {console.error(ConsoleLog.PREFIX, ...args);}static warn(...args: (string | number | boolean | object)[]): void {console.warn(ConsoleLog.PREFIX, ...args);}static debug(...args: (string | number | boolean | object)[]): void {console.debug(ConsoleLog.PREFIX, ...args);}static info(...args: (string | number | boolean | object)[]): void {console.info(ConsoleLog.PREFIX, ...args);}
}export default ConsoleLog;

3.使用示例

import { MFStorageManager } from '../support/data/MFStorageManager';
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
import ConsoleLog from '../support/extension/ConsoleLog';@Entry
@Component
struct Index {private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;aboutToAppear() {if (!this.context) {ConsoleLog.error('无效的上下文对象');return;}// 初始化配置管理器MFStorageManager.initialize(this.context)}build() {Column() {Button("设置用户ID").onClick(() => {MFStorageManager.set('user_id', 'user_123456');ConsoleLog.log('用户ID设置成功');})Button("获取用户ID").onClick(async () => {const userId = await MFStorageManager.get('user_id');ConsoleLog.log('当前用户ID:', userId);})Button('清除缓存(保留用户ID)').onClick(async () => {// 选择性清除配置try {await MFStorageManager.cleanData(['user_id']);ConsoleLog.log('缓存已清除(保留用户ID)');} catch (err) {ConsoleLog.error('清除失败:', err);}})}.height('100%').width('100%')}
}