Lag-Llama时间序列模型简单实现数据预测

前言：

最近在大模型预测，简单了解了lag-llama开源项目，网上也有很多讲解原理的，这里就将如何快速上手使用说一下，只懂得一点点皮毛，有错误的地方欢迎大佬指出。

简单介绍：

Lag-Llama 是一个开源的时间序列预测模型，基于 Transformer 架构设计，专注于利用滞后特征（Lagged Features）捕捉时间序列的长期依赖关系。其核心思想是将传统时间序列分析中的滞后算子（Lags）与现代深度学习结合，实现对复杂时序模式的高效建模。

GitHup地址：GitHub - time-series-foundation-models/lag-llama: Lag-Llama: Towards Foundation Models for Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting

相关技术原理：...（搜一下很多文章讲的都非常好）

实现模型预测：

1.下载模型文件

从 HuggingFace下载，如果网络原因访问不了，建议从魔搭社区下载（lag-Llama · 模型库）

2.准备数据集

参考文档：pandas.DataFrame based dataset - GluonTS documentation

以我测试数据举例：

3.完整代码：（需要替换模型文件地址和数据集地址）

from itertools import islicefrom matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdatesimport torch
from gluonts.evaluation import make_evaluation_predictions, Evaluator
from gluonts.dataset.repository.datasets import get_datasetfrom gluonts.dataset.pandas import PandasDataset
import pandas as pdfrom lag_llama.gluon.estimator import LagLlamaEstimatordef get_lag_llama_predictions(dataset, prediction_length, device, num_samples, context_length=32, use_rope_scaling=False):# 模型文件地址ckpt = torch.load("/models/lag-Llama/lag-llama.ckpt", map_location=device, weights_only=False)  # Uses GPU since in this Colab we use a GPU.estimator_args = ckpt["hyper_parameters"]["model_kwargs"]rope_scaling_arguments = {"type": "linear","factor": max(1.0, (context_length + prediction_length) / estimator_args["context_length"]),}estimator = LagLlamaEstimator(# 模型文件地址ckpt_path="/models/lag-Llama/lag-llama.ckpt",prediction_length=prediction_length,context_length=context_length,# Lag-Llama was trained with a context length of 32, but can work with any context length# estimator argsinput_size=estimator_args["input_size"],n_layer=estimator_args["n_layer"],n_embd_per_head=estimator_args["n_embd_per_head"],n_head=estimator_args["n_head"],scaling=estimator_args["scaling"],time_feat=estimator_args["time_feat"],rope_scaling=rope_scaling_arguments if use_rope_scaling else None,batch_size=1,num_parallel_samples=100,device=device,)lightning_module = estimator.create_lightning_module()transformation = estimator.create_transformation()predictor = estimator.create_predictor(transformation, lightning_module)forecast_it, ts_it = make_evaluation_predictions(dataset=dataset,predictor=predictor,num_samples=num_samples)forecasts = list(forecast_it)tss = list(ts_it)return forecasts, tssimport pandas as pd
from gluonts.dataset.pandas import PandasDataseturl = ("/lag-llama/history.csv"
)
df = pd.read_csv(url, index_col=0, parse_dates=True)# Set numerical columns as float32
for col in df.columns:# Check if column is not of string typeif df[col].dtype != 'object' and pd.api.types.is_string_dtype(df[col]) == False:df[col] = df[col].astype('float32')# Create the Pandas
dataset = PandasDataset.from_long_dataframe(df, target="target", item_id="item_id")backtest_dataset = dataset
# 预测长度
prediction_length = 24  # Define your prediction length. We use 24 here since the data is of hourly frequency
# 样本数
num_samples = 1  # number of samples sampled from the probability distribution for each timestep
device = torch.device("cuda:1")  # You can switch this to CPU or other GPUs if you'd like, depending on your environmentforecasts, tss = get_lag_llama_predictions(backtest_dataset, prediction_length, device, num_samples)# 提取第一个时间序列的预测结果
forecast = forecasts[0]
print('=================================')
# 概率预测的完整样本（形状: [num_samples, prediction_length]）
samples = forecast.samples
print(samples)

关键参数说明：

参数	说明
prediction_length	预测的未来时间步长
context_length	模型输入的历史时间步长（需 >= 季节性周期）
num_samples	概率预测的采样次数（值越大，概率区间越准）
checkpoint_path	预训练模型权重路径（需提前下载）
freq	时间序列频率（如 "H" 小时、"D" 天）