LINUX环境下部署MySQL

MySQL官网：https://www.mysql.com/
MySQL是一种关系型数据库管理系统，所使用的 SQL 语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。MySQL 软件采用了双授权政策，分为社区版和商业版，由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点。本文采用社区版进行测试学习MySQL。

一、准备安装包

在该目录下再创建一个文件夹，并且将安装包解压到该文件夹中

[root@test01 soft]# ls
mysql-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
# 在当前目录下（mysql）下创建一个 mysql-8.0.26 文件夹
[root@test01 soft]# mkdir mysql-8.0.36 
# 解压安装包到该目录下
[root@test01 soft]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C mysql-8.0.36

解压完成之后可以切换到 mysql-8.0.36 目录下查看解压后的文件

[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# ls
mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

二、安装RPM依赖包

解压后得到的文件都是RPM文件，需要用到RPM包资源管理器相关的指令安装RPM的安装包，安装执行RPM安装包需要一些插件，因为MySQL里面有部分RPM的安装依赖于该插件。

[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# yum -y install libaio perl net-tools
[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# yum install openssl-devel

三、安装MySQL的RPM包

安装完该插件之后，依次执行以下命令安装这些RPM包。

[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-common-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 已经安装
[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 已经安装
[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-libs-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 已经安装
[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 已经安装
[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-devel-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-devel-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 已经安装
[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]软件包 mysql-community-client-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 已经安装
[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：mysql-community-icu-data-files = 8.0.36-1.el7 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 需要

出现错误信息，要解决这个问题，需要先安装缺失的ICU数据文件。

[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# yum install mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在检查 mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64.0.8.0.36-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-altarch/7/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
===============================================================================================Package         架构   版本         源                                                   大小
===============================================================================================
正在安装:mysql-community-icu-data-filesx86_64 8.0.36-1.el7 /mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64 3.9 M事务概要
===============================================================================================
安装  1 软件包总计：3.9 M
安装大小：3.9 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。正在安装    : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64                         1/1 验证中      : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64                         1/1 已安装:mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.36-1.el7                                         完毕！

安装缺失的ICU文件后重新安装mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm包。

[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...1:mysql-community-server-8.0.36-1.e################################# [100%]

四、启动MySQL服务

在Linux中MySQL安装好了之后系统会自动的注册一个服务，服务名称叫做 mysqld，所以可以通过以下命令操作MySQL：

• 启动MySQL服务：systemctl start mysqld
• 重启MySQL服务：systemctl restart mysqld
• 关闭MySQL服务：systemctl stop mysqld

# 启动mysql服务
[root@panweidb mysql-8.0.36]# systemctl start mysqld
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service

RPM安装MySQL会自动生成一个随机密码，可以在/var/log/mysqld.log这个文件中查找密码。

[root@panweidb mysql-8.0.36]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2024-04-18T09:24:14.608802Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lpOagaL2hu;d

五、连接MySQL服务

[root@test01 mysql-8.0.36]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.36Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 

为了方便后期使用需要更改初始密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Test@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)