目录
一、五种单例模式的实现方式
1.饿汉模式
2.饿汉枚举类型
3.懒汉式
4.双检锁懒汉式
5.内部类懒汉式
二、JDK 中单例的体现
一、五种单例模式的实现方式
1.饿汉模式
public class Singleton1 implements Serializable {private Singleton1() {if (INSTANCE != null) {throw new RuntimeException("单例对象不能重复创建");}System.out.println("private Singleton1()");}private static final Singleton1 INSTANCE = new Singleton1();public static Singleton1 getInstance() {return INSTANCE;}public static void otherMethod() {System.out.println("otherMethod()");}public Object readResolve() {return INSTANCE;}
}
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构造方法抛出异常是防止反射破坏单例
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readResolve()
是防止反序列化破坏单例
2.饿汉枚举类型
public enum Singleton2 {INSTANCE;private Singleton2() {System.out.println("private Singleton2()");}@Overridepublic String toString() {return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());}public static Singleton2 getInstance() {return INSTANCE;}public static void otherMethod() {System.out.println("otherMethod()");}
}
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枚举饿汉式能天然防止反射、反序列化破坏单例
3.懒汉式
public class Singleton3 implements Serializable {private Singleton3() {System.out.println("private Singleton3()");}private static Singleton3 INSTANCE = null;// Singleton3.classpublic static synchronized Singleton3 getInstance() {if (INSTANCE == null) {INSTANCE = new Singleton3();}return INSTANCE;}public static void otherMethod() {System.out.println("otherMethod()");}}
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其实只有首次创建单例对象时才需要同步,但该代码实际上每次调用都会同步
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因此有了下面的双检锁改进
4.双检锁懒汉式
public class Singleton4 implements Serializable {private Singleton4() {System.out.println("private Singleton4()");}private static volatile Singleton4 INSTANCE = null; // 可见性,有序性public static Singleton4 getInstance() {if (INSTANCE == null) {synchronized (Singleton4.class) {if (INSTANCE == null) {INSTANCE = new Singleton4();}}}return INSTANCE;}public static void otherMethod() {System.out.println("otherMethod()");}
}
为何必须加 volatile:
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INSTANCE = new Singleton4()
不是原子的,分成 3 步:创建对象、调用构造、给静态变量赋值,其中后两步可能被指令重排序优化,变成先赋值、再调用构造 -
如果线程1 先执行了赋值,线程2 执行到第一个
INSTANCE == null
时发现 INSTANCE 已经不为 null,此时就会返回一个未完全构造的对象
5.内部类懒汉式
public class Singleton5 implements Serializable {private Singleton5() {System.out.println("private Singleton5()");}private static class Holder {static Singleton5 INSTANCE = new Singleton5();}public static Singleton5 getInstance() {return Holder.INSTANCE;}public static void otherMethod() {System.out.println("otherMethod()");}
}
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避免了双检锁的缺点
二、JDK 中单例的体现
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Runtime 体现了饿汉式单例
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Console 体现了双检锁懒汉式单例
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Collections 中的 EmptyNavigableSet 内部类懒汉式单例
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ReverseComparator.REVERSE_ORDER 内部类懒汉式单例
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Comparators.NaturalOrderComparator.INSTANCE 枚举饿汉式单例