kubernetes K8s的监控系统Prometheus安装使用(一)

简单介绍

Prometheus 是一款基于时序数据库的开源监控告警系统，非常适合Kubernetes集群的监控。Prometheus的基本原理是通过HTTP协议周期性抓取被监控组件的状态，任意组件只要提供对应的HTTP接口就可以接入监控。不需要任何SDK或者其他的集成过程。这样做非常适合做虚拟化环境监控系统，比如VM、Docker、Kubernetes等。输出被监控组件信息的HTTP接口被叫做exporter 。目前互联网公司常用的组件大部分都有exporter可以直接使用，比如Varnish、Haproxy、Nginx、MySQL、Linux系统信息(包括磁盘、内存、CPU、网络等等)。

安装K8s

这次我们安装的版本是K8s是20.10.7 ，docker是20.10.5。这里分配三台机器,分别是master(10.10.162.35），worker1(10.10.162.36）,worker2(10.10.162.37）

关闭防火墙,selinux

setenforce 0
systemctl stop firewalld.service ; systemctl disable firewalld.service

1.安装docker

三台机器分别安装

yum -y install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2yum-config-manager \--add-repo \https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo安装docker    
yum install docker-ce-20.10.5 docker-ce-cli-20.10.5 docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.5 -y//启动docker
systemctl start docker

修改docker的镜像源为国内镜像,修改/etc/docker/daemon.json

{"registry-mirrors": ["https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com"]
}

修改完成后，重启docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service

2.安装K8S

配置阿里云kubernetes源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOFyum clean all
yum -y makecache

新增br_netfilter模块，要求iptables对bridge的数据进行处理

modprobe br_netfilter
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
echo "1" >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOFsysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf禁用swap
swapoff -a
sed -i.bak '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab安装20版本k8s,三台机器都开始安装
yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9
mkdir -p  /etc/cni/net.d

分别设置三台主机的hostname

master主机设置
hostnamectl set-hostname masterworker主机设置
hostnamectl set-hostname worker1worker2主机设置
hostnamectl set-hostname worker2

初始化Master主机

#service-cidr设置的service的主机ip范围，pod-network-cidr设置的是pod的ip范围，为什么要用10.244这个网段呢，因为10.244.0.0/16 这个网段这是flannel指定的网段.kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.20.9 --apiserver-advertise-address=10.10.162.35 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

运行完成后会master主机会显示如下内容，代表主节点初始化成功。
在这里插入图片描述
这里有一个语句特别要记住，这是工作节点主机加入master的关键执行命令。

kubeadm join 10.10.162.35:6443 --token cj86ui.lo3l9o9f0d6u8p0q \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0b50df18d8716e06350e0e5698ced0a1ea14a36d7a6ddb04143b35e0471f8f45

接下来的worker1,worker2分别运行上面的语句加入master主节点集群
worker1加入
在这里插入图片描述
worker2加入

master主节点增加kubectl密钥访问

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
/usr/bin/cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configecho "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile

然后我们运行系统命令，看整个集群是否已经正常

kubectl get nodes -o wide

在这里插入图片描述
从上面的状态看，各个节点还没有网络启动，所以都是notReady状态。

3.安装flannel网络插件

下面命令用到的flannel插件可以网盘下载到。https://pan.baidu.com/s/1yL_7EM-kEoqss12E1UDFXA 提取码: uikr

三台机器分别执行

master主机执行
拷贝cni plug执行程序
cp flannel /opt/cni/bin/
chmod 755 /opt/cni/bin/flannel
docker load < flanneld-v0.11.0-amd64.docker
kubectl delete -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.ymlworker主机执行
cp flannel /opt/cni/bin/
chmod 755 /opt/cni/bin/flannel
docker load < flanneld-v0.11.0-amd64.docker

这时候所有节点运行基本正常了，这样K8s安装成功
在这里插入图片描述

安装Prometheus

安装这个我们会启用Grafana的UI来查看Prometheus的数据展示。prometheus我们用的2.0.0,Grafana用的是4.2.0，node-exporter是收集所有节点信息的Pod。

为了安装方便，可以先把镜像拿下来

docker pull prom/node-exporter
docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
docker pull grafana/grafana:4.2.0

在拖完镜像后，现在我们就是要执行yaml来建立镜像了。

kubectl create -f  node-exporter.yaml 
kubectl create -f  rbac-setup.yaml
kubectl create -f  configmap.yaml 
kubectl create -f prometheus.deploy.yaml
kubectl create -f prometheus.svc.yaml
kubectl create -f grafana-deploy.yaml
kubectl create -f grafana-svc.yaml --validate=false
kubectl create -f grafana-ing.yaml

成功后执行kubectl get pod --all-namespaces，显示如下
在这里插入图片描述

先访问http://10.10.162.35:30003/ 查看Prometheus，看看target是否都是成功的。
在这里插入图片描述

如果这样就是，全部成功了
在这里插入图片描述

接下来我们配置,Grafana来查看Prometheus的数据内容。因为这里Grafana的nodeport是随机的，所以你可以看看哪些端口是开放的，可以访问一下，我这里是Grafana地址是http://10.10.162.35:32154/login，输入admin,admin默认用户名和密码
在这里插入图片描述
进入Grafana先配置数据源

然后配置dashboard
在这里插入图片描述

我这里导入的模板是
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/315-kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus/

接下来就可以观看指标参数了。接下来我们会自己来定义其他的监控项。
在这里插入图片描述

node-exporter.yaml 内容如下

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: node-exporternamespace: kube-systemlabels:k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:selector:matchLabels:k8s-app: node-exportertemplate:metadata:labels:k8s-app: node-exporterspec:hostPID: truehostIPC: truehostNetwork: truecontainers:- image: prom/node-exportername: node-exporterports:- containerPort: 9100protocol: TCPname: httpsecurityContext:privileged: trueargs:- --path.procfs- /host/proc- --path.sysfs- /host/sys- --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points- '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'volumeMounts:- name: devmountPath: /host/dev- name: procmountPath: /host/proc- name: sysmountPath: /host/sys- name: rootfsmountPath: /rootfstolerations:- key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"operator: "Exists"effect: "NoSchedule"volumes:- name: prochostPath:path: /proc- name: devhostPath:path: /dev- name: syshostPath:path: /sys- name: rootfshostPath:path: /
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:k8s-app: node-exportername: node-exporternamespace: kube-system
spec:ports:- name: httpport: 9100nodePort: 31672protocol: TCPtype: NodePortselector:k8s-app: node-exporter

rbac-setup.yaml内容如下

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]resources:- nodes- nodes/proxy- nodes/metrics- services- endpoints- podsverbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:- extensionsresources:- ingressesverbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: prometheusnamespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: prometheus
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: prometheusnamespace: kube-system

configmap.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:name: prometheus-confignamespace: kube-system
data:prometheus.yml: |global:scrape_interval:     15sevaluation_interval: 15sscrape_configs:- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: endpointsscheme: httpstls_config:ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crtbearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/tokenrelabel_configs:- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]action: keepregex: default;kubernetes;https- job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: nodescheme: httptls_config:ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crtbearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/tokenrelabel_configs:- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)- source_labels: [__address__]regex: '(.*):10250'replacement: '${1}:9100'target_label: __address__action: replace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]regex: (.+)target_label: __metrics_path__replacement: /metrics- job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: nodescheme: httpstls_config:ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crtbearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/tokenrelabel_configs:- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)- target_label: __address__replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]regex: (.+)target_label: __metrics_path__replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: endpointsrelabel_configs:- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]action: keepregex: true- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]action: replacetarget_label: __scheme__regex: (https?)- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]action: replacetarget_label: __metrics_path__regex: (.+)- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]action: replacetarget_label: __address__regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)replacement: $1:$2- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]action: replacetarget_label: kubernetes_namespace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]action: replacetarget_label: kubernetes_name- job_name: 'kubernetes-services'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: servicemetrics_path: /probeparams:module: [http_2xx]relabel_configs:- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]action: keepregex: true- source_labels: [__address__]target_label: __param_target- target_label: __address__replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115- source_labels: [__param_target]target_label: instance- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]target_label: kubernetes_namespace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]target_label: kubernetes_name- job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: ingressrelabel_configs:- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]action: keepregex: true- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}target_label: __param_target- target_label: __address__replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115- source_labels: [__param_target]target_label: instance- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]target_label: kubernetes_namespace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]target_label: kubernetes_name- job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: podrelabel_configs:- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]action: keepregex: true- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]action: replacetarget_label: __metrics_path__regex: (.+)- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]action: replaceregex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)replacement: $1:$2target_label: __address__- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]action: replacetarget_label: kubernetes_namespace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]action: replacetarget_label: kubernetes_pod_name- job_name: 'kubernetes-kubelet'kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: nodescheme: httpstls_config:ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crtinsecure_skip_verify: truebearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/tokenrelabel_configs:- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)

prometheus.deploy.yaml

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:name: prometheus-deploymentname: prometheusnamespace: kube-system
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: prometheustemplate:metadata:labels:app: prometheusspec:containers:- image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0name: prometheuscommand:- "/bin/prometheus"args:- "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"- "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"- "--storage.tsdb.retention=7d"- "--web.enable-admin-api"- "--web.enable-lifecycle"ports:- containerPort: 9090protocol: TCPvolumeMounts:- mountPath: "/prometheus"name: data- mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"name: config-volumeresources:requests:cpu: 100mmemory: 100Milimits:cpu: 500mmemory: 2500MiserviceAccountName: prometheus    volumes:- name: dataemptyDir: {}- name: config-volumeconfigMap:name: prometheus-config

prometheus.svc.yaml

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:app: prometheusname: prometheusnamespace: kube-system
spec:type: NodePortports:- port: 9090targetPort: 9090nodePort: 30003selector:app: prometheus

grafana-deploy.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: grafana-corenamespace: kube-systemlabels:app: grafanacomponent: core
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: grafanacomponent: coretemplate:metadata:labels:app: grafanacomponent: corespec:containers:- image: grafana/grafana:4.2.0name: grafana-coreimagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent# env:resources:# keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed classlimits:cpu: 100mmemory: 100Mirequests:cpu: 100mmemory: 100Mienv:# The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLEDvalue: "true"- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLEDvalue: "false"# - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE#   value: Admin# does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:# - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED#   value: "true"readinessProbe:httpGet:path: /loginport: 3000# initialDelaySeconds: 30# timeoutSeconds: 1volumeMounts:- name: grafana-persistent-storagemountPath: /varvolumes:- name: grafana-persistent-storageemptyDir: {}

grafana-svc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: grafananamespace: kube-systemlabels:app: grafanacomponent: core
spec:type: NodePortports:- port: 3000selector:app: grafana
component: core

grafana-ing.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:name: grafananamespace: kube-system
spec:rules:- host: k8s.grafanahttp:paths:- path: /backend:serviceName: grafanaservicePort: 3000