MySQL日期格式比较常用的两个函数是DATEDIFF()和TIMESTAMPDIFF()。

DATEDIFF

SELECT DATEDIFF('2023-12-31 23:59:59', '2023-12-30');
# 1SELECT DATEDIFF('2023-11-30 23:59:59', '2023-12-31');
# -31

第一个参数减去第二个参数得到的天数。

TIMESTAMPDIFF

SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH,'2023-02-01','2023-05-01');
# 3
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH,'2023-05-01','2023-02-01');
# -3
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,'2023-01-01','2024-05-01');
# 1
SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MINUTE,'2023-02-01','2023-05-01 12:05:55');
# 128885

第三个参数减去第二个参数得到的对应日期类型数量，第一个参数是日期类型包括：
MICROSECOND (microseconds), SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, 和 YEAR。

参考

datediff
timestampdiff