一、多线程(主线程和子线程同时执行)
1、主线程是程序本身,看不到的,主线程和子线程没有依赖关系,同步执行的,若主线程先执行完,会等子线程执行完毕,程序结束
2、启动一个线程就是把一个函数传入并创建Thread实例,然后调用start()开始执行run()
3、threading.currentThread(): 返回当前的线程变量<Thread(Thread-1, started 8056)>、<_MainThread(MainThread, started 14400)>
threading.enumerate(): 返回一个包含正在运行的线程的list。正在运行指线程启动后、结束前,不包括启动前和终止后的线程;
threading.activeCount(): 返回正在运行的线程数量,与len(threading.enumerate())有相同的结果
run(): 用以表示线程活动的方法
start():启动线程活动
join(timeout): 等待至线程中止。这阻塞调用线程直至线程的join() 方法被调用中止-正常退出或者抛出未处理的异常-或者是可选的超时发生;
sAlive(): 返回线程是否活动的
getName(): 返回线程名;setName(): 设置线程名
4、多线程实例
#函数式多线程
import time,threading
def learnEnglish():print('%s 橙子在学习英语 %s'%(threading.currentThread(),time.ctime()))
def learnPython(name):print('%s %s在学习英语 %s'%(threading.currentThread(),name,time.ctime()))
def learnC(name,course):print('%s %s在学习%s %s'%(threading.currentThread(),name,course,time.ctime()))
start_time=time.time()
threads=[]# 创建线程数组
thread1=threading.Thread(target=learnEnglish)#创建线程
thread2=threading.Thread(target=learnPython,args=('橙汁',))
thread3=threading.Thread(target=learnC,args=('柠檬','C',))
thread4=threading.Thread(target=learnC,kwargs={"name":"王荔","course":"测试"})
threads.append(thread1)#将线程1添加到线程数组
threads.append(thread2)
threads.append(thread3)
threads.append(thread4)
for i in threads:i.start()#启动线程
run_times=(time.time()-start_time)
print('%s %s'%(threading.currentThread(),time.ctime()))
print('主线程和子线程运行时间共:%s'%run_times)C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
<Thread(Thread-1, started 5664)> 橙子在学习英语 Thu Mar 14 13:12:25 2019
<Thread(Thread-2, started 6964)> 橙汁在学习英语 Thu Mar 14 13:12:25 2019
<Thread(Thread-3, started 17908)> 柠檬在学习C Thu Mar 14 13:12:25 2019
<Thread(Thread-4, started 17816)> 王荔在学习测试 Thu Mar 14 13:12:25 2019
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 12276)> Thu Mar 14 13:12:25 2019
主线程和子线程运行时间共:0.0009965896606445312Process finished with exit code 0
#多线程threading之封装
import threading,time
class MyThread(threading.Thread):#继承父类threading.Threaddef __init__(self,name,people):'''重写threading.Thread初始化内容'''super(MyThread,self).__init__()self.threadName=nameself.people=peopledef run(self):# 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数print('开始线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))print('结束线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))
start_time=time.time()
print('开始主线程%s'%time.ctime())
thread1=MyThread('Thread-1','王荔')
thread2=MyThread('Thread-2','橙子')
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
print('退出主线程%s'%time.ctime())
run_times=(time.time()-start_time)
print('运行时间%s'%run_times)C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
开始主线程Thu Mar 14 13:16:10 2019
开始线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 13:16:10 2019
结束线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 13:16:10 2019
开始线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 13:16:10 2019
退出主线程Thu Mar 14 13:16:10 2019
运行时间0.0009996891021728516
结束线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 13:16:10 2019Process finished with exit code 0-----可以看到主线程和子线程是同时运行的,主线程运行完,子线程可能还在运行;子线程运行完,主线程可能还在运行
二、多线程之线程阻塞,子线程.join()(设置在start之后,等所有阻塞线程运行完,再运行主线程)
1、阻塞主线程必须在start()方法后执行,t1.join()等线程1运行完,t2.join()等线程2运行完,再运行主线程
2、如果想让主线程等待子线程结束后再运行,就需用到【子线程.join()】,此方法是在start后(与setDaemon相反)
3、join(timeout)此方法有个timeout参数,是线程超时时间设置
4、阻塞线程和非阻塞线程实例
#非阻塞线程,主线程休眠1s,子线程休眠3s
时间未统计到子线程,只统计到主线程的,说明主线程和子线程是同步执行的,且主线程执行完了,子线程还在执行import threading,time
class MyThread(threading.Thread):#继承父类threading.Threaddef __init__(self,name,people):'''重写threading.Thread初始化内容'''super(MyThread,self).__init__()self.threadName=nameself.people=peopledef run(self):# 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数print('开始线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))time.sleep(3)print('结束线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))
start_time=time.time()
print('开始主线程%s'%time.ctime())
thread1=MyThread('Thread-1','王荔')
thread2=MyThread('Thread-2','橙子')
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
#thread1.join()
#thread2.join()
print('退出主线程%s'%time.ctime())
time.sleep(1)
run_times=(time.time()-start_time)C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
开始主线程Thu Mar 14 13:30:07 2019
开始线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 13:30:07 2019
开始线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 13:30:07 2019
退出主线程Thu Mar 14 13:30:07 2019
运行时间1.0023198127746582
结束线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 13:30:10 2019
结束线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 13:30:10 2019Process finished with exit code 0
#阻塞线程1、阻塞线程2,主线程休眠1s,线程1和线程2休眠3s
主线程会等线程1和线程2执行完,才会继续执行主线程,统计时间为主线程1s+子线程3s=4s
import threading,time
class MyThread(threading.Thread):#继承父类threading.Threaddef __init__(self,name,people):'''重写threading.Thread初始化内容'''super(MyThread,self).__init__()self.threadName=nameself.people=peopledef run(self):# 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数print('开始线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))time.sleep(3)print('结束线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))
start_time=time.time()
print('开始主线程%s'%time.ctime())
thread1=MyThread('Thread-1','王荔')
thread2=MyThread('Thread-2','橙子')
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
thread1.join()#阻塞线程1
thread2.join()#阻塞线程2
time.sleep(1)
print('退出主线程%s'%time.ctime())
run_times=(time.time()-start_time)
print('运行时间%s'%run_times)C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
开始主线程Thu Mar 14 13:35:29 2019
开始线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 13:35:29 2019
开始线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 13:35:29 2019
结束线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 13:35:32 2019
结束线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 13:35:32 2019
退出主线程Thu Mar 14 13:35:33 2019
运行时间4.004500389099121Process finished with exit code 0
#阻塞线程实例# coding=utf-8
import threading
import timedef chiHuoGuo(people):print("%s 吃火锅的小伙伴-羊肉:%s" % (time.ctime(),people))time.sleep(1)print("%s 吃火锅的小伙伴-鱼丸:%s" % (time.ctime(),people))class myThread (threading.Thread): # 继承父类threading.Threaddef __init__(self, people, name):'''重写threading.Thread初始化内容'''threading.Thread.__init__(self)self.threadName = nameself.people = peopledef run(self): # 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数'''重写run方法'''print("开始线程: " + self.threadName)chiHuoGuo(self.people) # 执行任务print("qq交流群:226296743")print("结束线程: " + self.name)print("yoyo请小伙伴开始吃火锅:!!!")# 创建新线程
thread1 = myThread("xiaoming", "Thread-1")
thread2 = myThread("xiaowang", "Thread-2")# 开启线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()# 阻塞主线程,等子线程结束
thread1.join()
thread2.join()time.sleep(0.1)
print("退出主线程:吃火锅结束,结账走人")C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
yoyo请小伙伴开始吃火锅:!!!
开始线程: Thread-1
Thu Mar 14 13:41:10 2019 吃火锅的小伙伴-羊肉:xiaoming
开始线程: Thread-2
Thu Mar 14 13:41:10 2019 吃火锅的小伙伴-羊肉:xiaowang
Thu Mar 14 13:41:11 2019 吃火锅的小伙伴-鱼丸:xiaowang
qq交流群:226296743
结束线程: Thread-2
Thu Mar 14 13:41:11 2019 吃火锅的小伙伴-鱼丸:xiaoming
qq交流群:226296743
结束线程: Thread-1
退出主线程:吃火锅结束,结账走人Process finished with exit code 0
三、守护线程(设置在start之前,设置子线程A为守护线程,主线程所在的进程内所有非守护线程统统运行完毕 ,无论子线程A有没有结束,程序都结束)
1、主线程退出时,不等那些子线程完成,那就设置子线程为守护线程thread1.setDaemon(True)
2、设置一个线程为守护线程,就表示你在说这个线程不重要,在进程退出时,不用等待这个线程退出
3、程序在等待子线程结束,才退出,不需要设置线程守护,或者显示调用thread1.setDaemon(False)
4、主线程是非守护线程,只要还存在一个非守护线程,程序就不会退出。
5、守护线程必须在start()方法调用之前设置,如果不设置为守护线程,程序会被无限挂起
6、当有多个子线程时,守护线程就会等待所有的子线程运行完毕后,守护线程才会挂掉(这一点和主线程是一样的,都是等待所有的子线程运行完毕后才会挂掉)。
7、调用线程对象的方法setDaemon(true),则可以将其设置为守护线程。在python中建议使用的是thread.demon = true 使用这个方法可以检测数据合法性
8、setDaemon(True)此方法里面参数设置为True才会生效
9、对于主线程运行完毕,指的是主线程所在的进程内所有非守护线程统统都运行完毕,主线程才算运行完毕
10、守护线程实例
#设置线程1和线程2为守护线程
因为程序没有其他非守护线程,所以当主线程运行完,不等线程1和线程2,就直接结束import threading,time
class MyThread(threading.Thread):#继承父类threading.Threaddef __init__(self,name,people):'''重写threading.Thread初始化内容'''super(MyThread,self).__init__()self.threadName=nameself.people=peopledef run(self):# 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数time.sleep(3)print('开始线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))print('结束线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))
start_time=time.time()
print('开始主线程%s'%time.ctime())
thread1=MyThread('Thread-1','王荔')
thread2=MyThread('Thread-2','橙子')
thread1.setDaemon(True)#设置为守护线程
thread2.setDaemon(True)#设置为守护线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
print('退出主线程%s'%time.ctime())
run_times=(time.time()-start_time)
print('运行时间%s'%run_times)C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
开始主线程Thu Mar 14 13:59:09 2019
退出主线程Thu Mar 14 13:59:09 2019
运行时间0.0009975433349609375Process finished with exit code 0
#将线程2设置为守护线程
当线程1和主线程运行完,程序立即结束;故会存在2种结果:
当线程1先结束,就不会执行线程2结束
当线程2先结束,就会出执行线程2结束import threading,time
class MyThread(threading.Thread):#继承父类threading.Threaddef __init__(self,name,people):'''重写threading.Thread初始化内容'''super(MyThread,self).__init__()self.threadName=nameself.people=peopledef run(self):# 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数print('开始线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))time.sleep(3)print('结束线程%s %s'%(self.threadName,time.ctime()))
start_time=time.time()
print('开始主线程%s'%time.ctime())
thread1=MyThread('Thread-1','王荔')
thread2=MyThread('Thread-2','橙子')
#thread1.setDaemon(True)#设置为守护线程
thread2.setDaemon(True)#设置为守护线程
thread2.start()
thread1.start()
print('退出主线程%s'%time.ctime())
run_times=(time.time()-start_time)
print('运行时间%s'%run_times)C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
开始主线程Thu Mar 14 14:11:07 2019
开始线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 14:11:07 2019
开始线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 14:11:07 2019
退出主线程Thu Mar 14 14:11:07 2019
运行时间0.0009958744049072266
结束线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 14:11:10 2019
结束线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 14:11:10 2019Process finished with exit code 0C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
开始主线程Thu Mar 14 14:13:03 2019
开始线程Thread-2 Thu Mar 14 14:13:03 2019
开始线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 14:13:03 2019
退出主线程Thu Mar 14 14:13:03 2019
运行时间0.0009908676147460938
结束线程Thread-1 Thu Mar 14 14:13:06 2019Process finished with exit code 0
#守护线程实例# coding=utf-8
import threading
import timedef chiHuoGuo(people):print("%s 吃火锅的小伙伴-羊肉:%s" % (time.ctime(),people))time.sleep(1)print("%s 吃火锅的小伙伴-鱼丸:%s" % (time.ctime(),people))class myThread (threading.Thread): # 继承父类threading.Threaddef __init__(self, people, name):'''重写threading.Thread初始化内容'''threading.Thread.__init__(self)self.threadName = nameself.people = peopledef run(self): # 把要执行的代码写到run函数里面 线程在创建后会直接运行run函数'''重写run方法'''print("开始线程: " + self.threadName)chiHuoGuo(self.people) # 执行任务print("qq交流群:226296743")print("结束线程: " + self.name)print("yoyo请小伙伴开始吃火锅:!!!")# 创建新线程
thread1 = myThread("xiaoming", "Thread-1")
thread2 = myThread("xiaowang", "Thread-2")# 守护线程setDaemon(True)
thread1.setDaemon(True) # 必须在start之前
thread2.setDaemon(True)# 开启线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()time.sleep(0.1)
print("退出主线程:吃火锅结束,结账走人")C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\AutoMation\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/AutoMation/case/test.py
yoyo请小伙伴开始吃火锅:!!!
开始线程: Thread-1
Thu Mar 14 14:22:20 2019 吃火锅的小伙伴-羊肉:xiaoming
开始线程: Thread-2
Thu Mar 14 14:22:20 2019 吃火锅的小伙伴-羊肉:xiaowang
退出主线程:吃火锅结束,结账走人Process finished with exit code 0