一、前言
上一篇博文记录了使用wiringPi提供的串口驱动wiringSerial.c wiringSerial.h,并基于该驱动对串口进行简单的通信,测试中发现该串口的驱动比较简单,接收数据会存在分包的现象,另外一点是串口配置只提供了波特率参数配置,未提供其他如校验、数据位和停止位驱动。这一片博文主要是对驱动进行修改。
二、修改驱动
wiringPi的驱动源码可以在https://projects.drogon.net/raspberry-pi/wiringpi/中下载。找到wiringSerial.c 和 wiringSerial.h两个文件,复制一份并重名命为wiringSerial_Driver.c wiringSerial_Driver.h。以便于我们修改。
具体地,修改包括初始化函数、串口接收函数和串口发送函数。
2.1 初始化函数修改
可以同时初始化波特率、停止位、校验位和数据位。参数gsfd为全局定义的串口打开设备ID号,static int gsfd;
linux串口编程主要是对termios进行初始化,需要包含头文件:#include <termios.h>
在Rpi3B中输入:
man termios可以查看termios的描述,具体不多讲,看说明文档即可,以下仅罗列部分:
NAMEtermios,  tcgetattr, tcsetattr, tcsendbreak, tcdrain, tcflush, tcflow, cfmakeraw, cfgetospeed, cfgetispeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed, cfsetspeed - getand set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rateSYNOPSIS#include <termios.h>#include <unistd.h>int tcgetattr(int fd, struct termios *termios_p);int tcsetattr(int fd, int optional_actions,const struct termios *termios_p);int tcsendbreak(int fd, int duration);int tcdrain(int fd);int tcflush(int fd, int queue_selector);int tcflow(int fd, int action);void cfmakeraw(struct termios *termios_p);speed_t cfgetispeed(const struct termios *termios_p);speed_t cfgetospeed(const struct termios *termios_p);int cfsetispeed(struct termios *termios_p, speed_t speed);int cfsetospeed(struct termios *termios_p, speed_t speed);int cfsetspeed(struct termios *termios_p, speed_t speed);Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):cfsetspeed(), cfmakeraw(): _BSD_SOURCEDESCRIPTIONThe termios functions describe a general terminal interface that is provided to control asynchronous communications ports.The termios structureMany of the functions described here have a termios_p argument that is a pointer to a termios structure.  This structure contains at least the follow‐ing members:tcflag_t c_iflag;      /* input modes */tcflag_t c_oflag;      /* output modes */tcflag_t c_cflag;      /* control modes */tcflag_t c_lflag;      /* local modes */cc_t     c_cc[NCCS];   /* special characters */The  values  that  may be assigned to these fields are described below.  In the case of the first four bit-mask fields, the definitions of some of theassociated flags that may be set are exposed only if a specific feature test macro (see feature_test_macros(7))  is  defined,  as  noted  in  brackets("[]").In  the  descriptions  below,  "not  in  POSIX"  means that the value is not specified in POSIX.1-2001, and "XSI" means that the value is specified inPOSIX.1-2001 as part of the XSI extension.那么具体的驱动可以改写成一下内容:
int myserialOpen (const char *device, const int baud, const int nbit, const char parity, const int nstop)
{struct termios options ;speed_t myBaud ;int     status;switch (baud){case      50:	myBaud =      B50 ; break ;case      75:	myBaud =      B75 ; break ;case     110:	myBaud =     B110 ; break ;case     134:	myBaud =     B134 ; break ;case     150:	myBaud =     B150 ; break ;case     200:	myBaud =     B200 ; break ;case     300:	myBaud =     B300 ; break ;case     600:	myBaud =     B600 ; break ;case    1200:	myBaud =    B1200 ; break ;case    1800:	myBaud =    B1800 ; break ;case    2400:	myBaud =    B2400 ; break ;case    4800:	myBaud =    B4800 ; break ;case    9600:	myBaud =    B9600 ; break ;case   19200:	myBaud =   B19200 ; break ;case   38400:	myBaud =   B38400 ; break ;case   57600:	myBaud =   B57600 ; break ;case  115200:	myBaud =  B115200 ; break ;case  230400:	myBaud =  B230400 ; break ;case  460800:	myBaud =  B460800 ; break ;case  500000:	myBaud =  B500000 ; break ;case  576000:	myBaud =  B576000 ; break ;case  921600:	myBaud =  B921600 ; break ;case 1000000:	myBaud = B1000000 ; break ;case 1152000:	myBaud = B1152000 ; break ;case 1500000:	myBaud = B1500000 ; break ;case 2000000:	myBaud = B2000000 ; break ;case 2500000:	myBaud = B2500000 ; break ;case 3000000:	myBaud = B3000000 ; break ;case 3500000:	myBaud = B3500000 ; break ;case 4000000:	myBaud = B4000000 ; break ;default:return -2 ;}/* 有O_NONBLOCK 即为非阻塞方式,默认阻塞方式,等待vim vtime*/if ((gsfd = open (device, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY | O_NONBLOCK)) == -1)return -1 ;fcntl (gsfd, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) ;// Get and modify current options:tcgetattr (gsfd, &options) ;cfmakeraw   (&options) ;cfsetispeed (&options, myBaud) ;cfsetospeed (&options, myBaud) ;//data bitswitch (nbit){case 7: options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE ; options.c_cflag |= CS7; break;case 8: options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE ; options.c_cflag |= CS8; break;default:  options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE ; options.c_cflag |= CS8; break;}//data parityswitch(parity)  {case 'n':case 'N':options.c_cflag &= ~PARENB ;options.c_cflag &= ~INPCK;break;case 'o':case 'O': options.c_cflag |= PARENB ;options.c_cflag |= PARODD ;options.c_cflag |= INPCK  ;options.c_cflag |= ISTRIP	; break;case 'e':case 'E': options.c_cflag |= PARENB ;options.c_cflag &= ~PARODD;options.c_cflag |= INPCK 	;options.c_cflag |= ISTRIP	;break;default:options.c_cflag &= ~PARENB ;options.c_cflag &= ~INPCK;break;}//data stopbitsswitch(nstop){case 1: options.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB ; break;case 2: options.c_cflag |= CSTOPB ;  break; default: options.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB ; break;    }options.c_cflag |= (CLOCAL | CREAD) ;options.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ISIG) ;options.c_oflag &= ~OPOST ;options.c_cc [VMIN]  =   0 ;options.c_cc [VTIME] = 10 ;	// 0.5 seconds (100 deciseconds)tcsetattr (gsfd, TCSANOW, &options) ;ioctl (gsfd, TIOCMGET, &status);status |= TIOCM_DTR ;status |= TIOCM_RTS ;ioctl (gsfd, TIOCMSET, &status);usleep (10000) ;	// 10mSreturn gsfd ;
}
2.2 接收函数修改
提一下,Linux串口接收主要由阻塞和非阻塞接收两种方式,关于如何配置Linux串口驱动可以参考这篇博文:Linux 使用fcntl c_cc[VMIN] c_cc[CTIME]设置串口阻塞与非阻塞读取数据
实际测试时发现wiringSerial的接收函数serialDataAvail缓存大小只有8字符,因此,超过8字符的数据将会分包,接收函数修改主要是对数据进行拼包,具体实现如下:
int myserialDataRead( char *buf,  int * size)
{int size_i,i;i = 0;size_i = 0;while(1){i = read(gsfd, buf+size_i ,1024);size_i += i;if(i == 8){}else if(i>0 && i <= 8){*size = size_i;return 0;}else{return -1;}}
}2.3 发送函数修改
发送函数基本和wiringSerial提供的驱动一致,只是将传入的设备ID用全局变量替代,这样在使用该函数时无需输入串口的ID。具体修改如下:
void myserialDataSend(const char * ptr,int size)
{while(size--){serialPutchar(gsfd,*(ptr++));} 
}三、编译测试
对应的头文件增加函数的声明,编写main.c测试文件:
#include<wiringPi.h>
#include"wiringSerial_Driver.h"
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>int main()
{int filedevid;int recbytenum;int rxflag;int i;char buf[1024];char bufprintf[1024];memset(buf,0,1024);memset(bufprintf,0,1024);wiringPiSetup();if((filedevid=myserialOpen("/dev/ttyAMA0",115200,8,'E',1))<0){printf("/dev/ttyAMA0 Open Faild\r\n");return -1;}else{printf("/dev/ttyAMA0 Open with 115200,115200,8,'E',1, success\r\n");while(1){rxflag = myserialDataRead(buf,&recbytenum);if(rxflag != -1){printf("Rpi3 uart rx %d byte: %s\r\n",recbytenum,buf);sprintf(bufprintf,"Rpi3 uart Tx %d byte: %s\r\n",recbytenum,buf);myserialDataSend(bufprintf, recbytenum);}}}
}编写makefile,进行编译并运行如下:

可以看到,数据以及拼包成功,说明驱动修改有效。