数据源（连接池）的作用

数据源(连接池)是提高程序性能如出现的
事先实例化数据源，初始化部分连接资源
使用连接资源时从数据源中获取
使用完毕后将连接资源归还给数据源
常见的数据源(连接池)：DBCP、C3P0、BoneCP、Druid等
开发步骤
①导入数据源的坐标和数据库驱动坐标
②创建数据源对象
③设置数据源的基本连接数据
④使用数据源获取连接资源和归还连接资源

数据源的手动创建

①导入c3p0

<!-- C3P0连接池 --><dependency>    <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>    <version>0.9.1.2</version> </dependency>

①导入mysql数据库驱动坐标

        <dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>8.0.11</version></dependency>

②创建C3P0连接池

    @Testpublic void testC3P0() throws Exception{ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource=new ComboPooledDataSource();comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/book?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC");comboPooledDataSource.setUser("root");comboPooledDataSource.setPassword("123456");Connection connection=comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();System.out.println(connection);}

提取jdbc.properties配置文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/book?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username=xxx
jdbc.password=xxx

Spring配置数据源

可以将DataSource的创建权交由Spring容器去完成 DataSource有无参构造方法，而Spring默认就是通过无参构造方法实例化对象的
DataSource要想使用需要通过set方法设置数据库连接信息，而Spring可以通过set方法进行字符串注入

    @Testpublic void testC3P0() throws Exception{ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource=new ComboPooledDataSource();ResourceBundle resourceBundle=ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.driver"));comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.url"));comboPooledDataSource.setUser(resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.username"));comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.password"));Connection connection=comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();System.out.println(connection);}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/><bean id="datasource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/><property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/></bean></beans>

    @Testpublic void testC3P02() throws Exception{ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource=(ComboPooledDataSource) applicationContext.getBean("datasource");System.out.println(comboPooledDataSource.getConnection());}