Elasticsearch 索引别名的使用

几种常用方式：

1.定时更新别名指向，更新后原索引可删除或保留

POST /_aliases
{"actions": [{"add": {"alias": "logs_current","index": "logs_2018-10"}},{"remove": {"alias": "logs_current","index": "logs_2018-09"}},{"add": {"alias": "last_3_months","index": "logs_2018-10"}},{"remove": {"alias": "last_3_months","index": "logs_2018-07"}}]
}

2.更新索引指向并删除原索引

PUT test     
PUT test_2   
POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{ "add":  { "index": "test_2", "alias": "test" } },{ "remove_index": { "index": "test" } }  ]
}

3.创建过滤视图

创建索引
PUT /test1
{"mappings": {"_doc": {"properties": {"user" : {"type": "keyword"}}}}
}

创建视图
POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{"add" : {"index" : "test1","alias" : "alias2","filter" : { "term" : { "user" : "kimchy" } }}}]
}

 

下面是索引相关操作基础知识：

_aliases：批量操作

创建别名

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{ "add" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } }]
}

删除别名

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{ "remove" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } }]
}

组合操作

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{ "remove" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } },{ "add" : { "index" : "test2", "alias" : "alias1" } }]
}

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{ "add" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } },{ "add" : { "index" : "test2", "alias" : "alias1" } }]
}

数组形式同时指定多个索引别名

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{ "add" : { "indices" : ["test1", "test2"], "alias" : "alias1" } }]
}

通配符形式

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{ "add" : { "index" : "test*", "alias" : "all_test_indices" } }]
}

 

通过别名指定routing

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{"add" : {"index" : "test","alias" : "alias1","routing" : "1"}}]
}

可以具体指定查询和索引的routing

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{"add" : {"index" : "test","alias" : "alias2","search_routing" : "1,2","index_routing" : "2"}}]
}

如果查询使用别名，并且参数中也指定了routing，则routing使用二者的交集，使用2.

GET /alias2/_search?q=user:kimchy&routing=2,3

当索引别名指向多个索引时，进行写操作，其中的一个索引必须被指定为写索引，并且只能指定一个，否则则无法写入。

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{"add" : {"index" : "test","alias" : "alias1","is_write_index" : true}},{"add" : {"index" : "test2","alias" : "alias1"}}]
}

切换写索引属性，原子操作

POST /_aliases
{"actions" : [{"add" : {"index" : "test","alias" : "alias1","is_write_index" : false}}, {"add" : {"index" : "test2","alias" : "alias1","is_write_index" : true}}]
}

 

_alias：单个别名操作

创建别名

PUT /{index}/_alias/{name}
参数：

index：The index the alias refers to. Can be any of * | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …

name：The name of the alias. This is a required option.

routing：An optional routing that can be associated with an alias.

filter：An optional filter that can be associated with an alias.

PUT /logs_201305/_alias/2013

创建一个过滤视图

PUT /users
{"mappings" : {"_doc" : {"properties" : {"user_id" : {"type" : "integer"}}}}
}

PUT /users/_alias/user_12
{"routing" : "12","filter" : {"term" : {"user_id" : 12}}
}

创建索引时同时指定别名

PUT /logs_20162801
{"mappings" : {"_doc" : {"properties" : {"year" : {"type" : "integer"}}}},"aliases" : {"current_day" : {},"2016" : {"filter" : {"term" : {"year" : 2016 }}}}
}

删除别名

DELETE /{index}/_alias/{name}
index：* | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …
name：* | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …DELETE /logs_20162801/_alias/current_day

查询别名

GET /logs_20162801/_alias/*
GET /_alias/2016
GET /_alias/20*HEAD /_alias/2016
HEAD /_alias/20*
HEAD /logs_20162801/_alias/*

 

参考资料：

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-aliases.html#alias-retrieving