本帖最后由 zhofly 于 2016-6-24 23:19 编辑
测试环境为：两台服务器配置一样：Oracle Linux Server release 6.5 X86_64, DB 11.2.0.4.0
前提环境：一台已经安装好数据库软件并创建数据库实例的服务器
另一台也就是备库，只安装了数据库软件，空实例。
安装环境与创建数据库这里就不用说了，很简单的。
整个环境为成4个步骤：
1，主备(gydg)修改
2，备库(yzdg)修改
3，主备duplicate数据库
4，测试DG是否成功
---------------------------
1.1 查看数据库是否在归档与是否强制LOGGING模式。
SQL> select log_mode,force_logging from v$database;
LOG_MODE FOR
------------ ---
ARCHIVELOG NO
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
Database altered.
1.2 查看数据库的日志组个数与大小，因为我们创建standby日志组的个数是原日志组个数+1再与thread的积，size不能小于原日志文件的大小。
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;
GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------------
1 50
2 50
3 50
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/redo01.log
1.3 创建standby日志组，位置与原日志组相同的路径。创建完成后查询是否成功
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby01.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby02.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby03.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby04.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER
---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/redo03.log
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/redo02.log
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/redo01.log
4 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby01.log
5 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby02.log
6 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby03.log
7 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/standby04.log
1.4 修改相关的参数，与DG的参数就只与几个参数相关，大概就是日志，文件的位置的转换，GAP的处理，其实GAP已经会自动的处理，不过这里我们还是介绍配置FAL_SERVER,FAL_CLIENT参数。
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(gydg,yzdg)';
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch/gydg/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=gydg';
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=gydg LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=gydg';
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;
SQL> alter system set FAL_SERVER=yzdg;
SQL> alter system set FAL_CLIENT=gydg;
SQL>alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/yzdg/' scope=spfile;
SQL>alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/logfile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/logfile/' scope=spfile;
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
1.5 把dbs下的内容同步到standby主机上面，主要是密码文件与init文件。(如果SID不一样，创建密码文件要保证entries值一致;)
orapwd file=orapwupsh password=123456 entries=5;( 在主库创建密码文件)
$scp initSID.ora orapwSID oracle@192.168.137.99:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
1.6 配置静态监听
主库：
1、修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/network/admin/listener.ora
[oracle@gydg admin]$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = gydg)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0)
(SID_NAME = gydg)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.98)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
2、修改 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
[oracle@gydg admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
yzdg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.99)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(service_name = yzdg)(UR=A)
)
)
gydg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.98)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(service_name = gydg)(UR=A)
)
)
备库
1、修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/network/admin/listener.ora
[oracle@yzdg admin]$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = yzdg)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0)
(SID_NAME = yzdg)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.99)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
2、修改 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
[oracle@yzdg admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
yzdg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.99)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(service_name = yzdg)(UR=A)
)
)
gydg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.98)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(service_name = gydg)(UR=A)
)
)
启动主备库的监听
[oracle@yzdg admin]$lsnrctl
LSNRCTL> start
测试监听是否正常
sqlplus sys/oracle@gydg as sysdba
sqlplus sys/oracle@yzdg as sysdba
备库上创建相关文件与修改参数文件
[oracle@yzdg dbs]$ more inityzdg.ora
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/yzdg/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yzdg/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='gydg'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=gydgXDB)'
*.fal_client='YZDG'
*.fal_server='GYDG'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(yzdg,gydg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=yzdg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=gydg LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=gydg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/logfile/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/logfile/'
*.memory_target=1270874112
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='yzdg'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/yzdg/'
[oracle@gydg admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/logfile/ (主备都创建)
[oracle@gydg admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yzdg
[oracle@gydg admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/yzdg/
[oracle@gydg admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/gydg/
在备库创建spfile,并启动数据库到NOMOUNT
[oracle@yzdg yzdg]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
yzdg
SQL> startup nomount;
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
----------------------------------------
重启主库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
duplicate开始
在主库上通过rman进行复制备库(注意在这一步之前必须退出备库的所有连接,否则会报错)
rman target sys/123456 auxiliary sys/123456@yzdg
rman>duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database ;
把备库启动到open only下面。并recover
SQL> alter database open read only;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
查看两边状态：主库
SQL> select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------- --------------------
PRIMARY TO STANDBY
备库
SQL> select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED
注： 备库的SWITCHOVER_STATUS状态为 NOT ALLOWED 是正常的，只有当主库切换为备库时，原备库的状态才会变。
查看两边的sequence# 是否一致
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面就是开始测试了。这里我们是用的SCOTT这个用户来做测试，在SCOTT用户下面创建一个表，在备库去查询看是否创建成功，与在主库上面SWIRCH一次日志，看alert中的日志输出内容。
在主库上面做测试
[oracle@11g admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Fri Sep 7 05:57:41 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter database set standby to maximize availability;
Database altered.
SQL> alter user scott identified by oracle;
User altered.
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
User altered.
SQL> create table scott.test1 as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
备库上面
SQL> select count(*) from scott.test1;
COUNT(*)
----------
72391
说明已经同步
主库上面刷新日志。
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
日志
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG
Fri Sep 07 06:04:45 2012
LGWR: Standby redo logfile selected to archive thread 1 sequence 11
LGWR: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 11 for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 11 (LGWR switch)
Current log# 2 seq# 11 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/htz/redo02.log
Fri Sep 07 06:04:48 2012
Archived Log entry 12 added for thread 1 sequence 10 ID 0x6e285e98 dest 1:
备库日志
Standby controlfile consistent with primary
RFS[5]: Selected log 5 for thread 1 sequence 11 dbid 1848107928 branch 793343515
Thu Sep 06 18:40:13 2012
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 11 (in transit)
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 5 Seq 11 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/htz/standby02.log
Thu Sep 06 18:40:16 2012
Archived Log entry 5 added for thread 1 sequence 10 ID 0x6e285e98 dest 1:
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