点击上方“Qt学视觉”,选择“星标”公众号重磅干货,第一时间送达
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除了文本文件之外,其他需要按照一定的格式定义读写的文件都称为二进制文件,每种格式的二进制文件都有自己的格式定义,写入数据时按照一定的顺序写入,读出时也按照相应的顺序读出
Qt使用QFile和QDataStream进行二进制数据文件的读写,QFile负责文件的IO设备接口,即与文件的物理交互,QDataStream以数据流的方式读取文件内容或写入文件内容
紧接着上一节的界面往上加这节的界面


头文件
#pragma once#include #include "ui_QGuiFileSys.h"#include "QComboBoxDelegate.h"#include "QFloatSpinDelegate.h"#include "QIntSpinDelegate.h"#include #include #include #include #define     FixedColumnCount    6       //文件固定6行class QGuiFileSys : public QMainWindow{       Q_OBJECTpublic:       QGuiFileSys(QWidget *parent = Q_NULLPTR);       ~QGuiFileSys();private:       Ui::QGuiFileSys ui;private:       bool openTextByIODevice(const QString& aFileName);       bool saveTextByIODevice(const QString& aFileName);       bool openTextByStream(const QString& aFileName);       bool saveTextByStream(const QString& aFileName);private slots:       void actOpenIODevice_triggered();       void actSaveIODevice_triggered();       void actOpenTextStream_triggered();       void actSaveTextStream_triggered();private:       //用于状态栏的信息显示       QLabel* LabCellPos;    //当前单元格行列号       QLabel* LabCellText;   //当前单元格内容       QIntSpinDelegate    intSpinDelegate; //整型数       QFloatSpinDelegate  floatSpinDelegate; //浮点数       QComboBoxDelegate   comboBoxDelegate; //列表选择       QStandardItemModel* theModel;//数据模型       QItemSelectionModel* theSelection;//Item选择模型       void resetTable(int aRowCount);  //表格复位,设定行数       bool saveDataAsStream(QString& aFileName);//将数据保存为数据流文件       bool openDataAsStream(QString& aFileName);//读取数据流文件       bool saveBinaryFile(QString& aFileName);//保存为二进制文件       bool openBinaryFile(QString& aFileName);//打开二进制文件private slots:       void theSelection_currentChanged(const QModelIndex& current, const  QModelIndex& previous);       void actTabReset_triggered();       void actOpenStm_triggered();       void actSaveStm_triggered();       void actOpenBin_triggered();       void actSaveBin_triggered();       void actAppend_triggered();       void actInsert_triggered();       void actDelete_triggered();       void actAlignLeft_triggered();       void actAlignCenter_triggered();       void actAlignRight_triggered();       void actFontBold_triggered(bool checked);}源文件
#include "QGuiFileSys.h"#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")QGuiFileSys::QGuiFileSys(QWidget *parent)    : QMainWindow(parent){    ui.setupUi(this);    connect(ui.actOpenIODevice, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actOpenIODevice_triggered()));    connect(ui.actSaveIODevice, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actSaveIODevice_triggered()));    connect(ui.actOpenTextStream, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actOpenTextStream_triggered()));    connect(ui.actSaveTextStream, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actSaveTextStream_triggered()));    connect(ui.actTabReset, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actTabReset_triggered()));    connect(ui.actOpenStm, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actOpenStm_triggered()));    connect(ui.actSaveStm, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actSaveStm_triggered()));    connect(ui.actOpenBin, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actOpenBin_triggered()));    connect(ui.actSaveBin, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actSaveBin_triggered()));    connect(ui.actAppend, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actAppend_triggered()));    connect(ui.actInsert, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actInsert_triggered()));    connect(ui.actDelete, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actDelete_triggered()));    connect(ui.actAlignLeft, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actAlignLeft_triggered()));    connect(ui.actAlignCenter, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actAlignCenter_triggered()));    connect(ui.actAlignRight, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(actAlignRight_triggered()));    connect(ui.actFontBold, SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(actFontBold_triggered(bool)));    theModel = new QStandardItemModel(5, FixedColumnCount, this); //创建数据模型    QStringList     headerList;    headerList << "Depth" << "Measured Depth" << "Direction" << "Offset" << "Quality" << "Sampled";    theModel->setHorizontalHeaderLabels(headerList); //设置表头文字    theSelection = new QItemSelectionModel(theModel);//Item选择模型    connect(theSelection, SIGNAL(currentChanged(const QModelIndex&, const QModelIndex&)),        this, SLOT(theSelection_currentChanged(const QModelIndex&, const QModelIndex&)));    //为tableView设置数据模型    ui.tableView->setModel(theModel); //设置数据模型    ui.tableView->setSelectionModel(theSelection);//设置选择模型    //为各列设置自定义代理组件    ui.tableView->setItemDelegateForColumn(0, &intSpinDelegate);  //测深,整数    ui.tableView->setItemDelegateForColumn(1, &floatSpinDelegate);  //浮点数    ui.tableView->setItemDelegateForColumn(2, &floatSpinDelegate); //浮点数    ui.tableView->setItemDelegateForColumn(3, &floatSpinDelegate); //浮点数    ui.tableView->setItemDelegateForColumn(4, &comboBoxDelegate); //Combbox选择型    resetTable(5); //表格复位    //创建状态栏组件    LabCellPos = new QLabel("当前单元格:", this);    LabCellPos->setMinimumWidth(180);    LabCellPos->setAlignment(Qt::AlignHCenter);    LabCellText = new QLabel("单元格内容:", this);    LabCellText->setMinimumWidth(200);    ui.statusBar->addWidget(LabCellPos);    ui.statusBar->addWidget(LabCellText);}QGuiFileSys::~QGuiFileSys(){}bool QGuiFileSys::openTextByIODevice(const QString& aFileName){    //用IODevice方式打开文本文件    QFile aFile(aFileName);    //aFile.setFileName(aFileName);    if (!aFile.exists()) //文件不存在        return false;    if (!aFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text))        return false;    //ui.textEditDevice->setPlainText(aFile.readAll());    ui.textEditDevice->clear();    while (!aFile.atEnd())    {        QByteArray line = aFile.readLine();//自动添加 \n        QString str=QString::fromLocal8Bit(line); //从字节数组转换为字符串        str.truncate(str.length()-1); //去除结尾增加的空行        ui.textEditDevice->appendPlainText(str);    }    aFile.close();    ui.tabWidget->setCurrentIndex(0);    return  true;}bool QGuiFileSys::saveTextByIODevice(const QString& aFileName){    //用IODevice方式保存文本文件    QFile aFile(aFileName);    //aFile.setFileName(aFileName);    if (!aFile.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text))        return false;    QString str = ui.textEditDevice->toPlainText();//整个内容作为字符串    QByteArray  strBytes = str.toUtf8();//转换为字节数组    //QByteArray  strBytes=str.toLocal8Bit();    aFile.write(strBytes, strBytes.length());  //写入文件    aFile.close();    ui.tabWidget->setCurrentIndex(0);    return  true;}bool QGuiFileSys::openTextByStream(const QString& aFileName){    //用 QTextStream打开文本文件    QFile   aFile(aFileName);    if (!aFile.exists()) //文件不存在        return false;    if (!aFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text))        return false;    QTextStream aStream(&aFile); //用文本流读取文件    //aStream.setAutoDetectUnicode(true); //自动检测Unicode,才能正常显示文档内的汉字    ui.textEditStream->setPlainText(aStream.readAll());    //ui.textEditStream->clear();//清空    //while (!aStream.atEnd())    //{    //    str = aStream.readLine();//读取文件的一行    //    ui.textEditStream->appendPlainText(str); //添加到文本框显示    //}    aFile.close();//关闭文件    ui.tabWidget->setCurrentIndex(1);    return  true;}bool QGuiFileSys::saveTextByStream(const QString& aFileName){    //用QTextStream保存文本文件    QFile aFile(aFileName);    if (!aFile.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text))        return false;    QTextStream aStream(&aFile); //用文本流读取文件    //aStream.setAutoDetectUnicode(true); //自动检测Unicode,才能正常显示文档内的汉字    QString str = ui.textEditStream->toPlainText(); //转换为字符串    aStream << str; //写入文本流    //QTextDocument   *doc;       //文本对象    //QTextBlock      textLine;   //文本中的一段    //doc=ui.textEditStream->document(); //QPlainTextEdit 的内容保存在一个 QTextDocument 里    //int cnt=doc->blockCount();//QTextDocument分块保存内容,文本文件就是硬回车符是一个block,    //QString str;    //for (int i=0; i    //{    //     textLine=doc->findBlockByNumber(i);//用blobk编号获取block,就是获取一行    //     str=textLine.text(); //转换为文本,末尾无\n    //     aStream<    //}    aFile.close();//关闭文件    return  true;}void QGuiFileSys::actOpenIODevice_triggered(){    //获取系统当前目录    QString curpath = QDir::currentPath();    //调用打开文件对话框打开一个文件    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, "打开一个文件", curpath,        "程序文件(*.h *cpp);;文本文件(*.txt);;所有文件(*.*)");    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return; //如果未选择文件,退出    openTextByIODevice(aFileName); //打开文件}void QGuiFileSys::actSaveIODevice_triggered(){    QString curpath = QDir::currentPath();//获取系统当前目录    QString dlgTitle = "另存为一个文件"; //对话框标题    QString filter = "h文件(*.h);;c++文件(*.cpp);;文本文件(*.txt);;所有文件(*.*)"; //文件过滤器    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, dlgTitle, curpath, filter);    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return;    saveTextByIODevice(aFileName);}void QGuiFileSys::actOpenTextStream_triggered(){    QString curpath = QDir::currentPath();//获取系统当前目录    //调用打开文件对话框打开一个文件    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, "打开一个文件", curpath,        "程序文件(*.h *cpp);;文本文件(*.txt);;所有文件(*.*)");    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return; //如果未选择文件,退出    openTextByStream(aFileName); //打开文件}void QGuiFileSys::actSaveTextStream_triggered(){    QString curpath = QDir::currentPath();//获取系统当前目录    QString dlgTitle = "另存为一个文件"; //对话框标题    QString filter = "h文件(*.h);;c++文件(*.cpp);;文本文件(*.txt);;所有文件(*.*)"; //文件过滤器    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, dlgTitle, curpath, filter);    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return;    saveTextByStream(aFileName);}//表格复位,设定行数void QGuiFileSys::resetTable(int aRowCount){    //表格复位,先删除所有行,再设置新的行数,表头不变    //QStringList     headerList;    //headerList<    //theModel->setHorizontalHeaderLabels(headerList); //设置表头文字    theModel->removeRows(0, theModel->rowCount()); //删除所有行    theModel->setRowCount(aRowCount);//设置新的行数    QString str = theModel->headerData(theModel->columnCount() - 1,        Qt::Horizontal, Qt::DisplayRole).toString();    for (int i = 0; i < theModel->rowCount(); i++)    { //设置最后一列        QModelIndex index = theModel->index(i, FixedColumnCount - 1); //获取模型索引        QStandardItem* aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index); //获取item        aItem->setCheckable(true);        aItem->setData(str, Qt::DisplayRole);        aItem->setEditable(false); //不可编辑    }}//将数据保存为数据流文件bool QGuiFileSys::saveDataAsStream(QString& aFileName){    //将模型数据保存为Qt预定义编码的数据文件    QFile aFile(aFileName);  //以文件方式读出    if (!(aFile.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Truncate)))        return false;    QDataStream aStream(&aFile);    aStream.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_9); //设置版本号,写入和读取的版本号要兼容    qint16  rowCount = theModel->rowCount(); //数据模型行数    qint16  colCount = theModel->columnCount(); //数据模型列数    aStream << rowCount; //写入文件流,行数    aStream << colCount;//写入文件流,列数    //获取表头文字    for (int i = 0; i < theModel->columnCount(); i++)    {        QString str = theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(i)->text();//获取表头文字        aStream << str; //字符串写入文件流,Qt预定义编码方式    }    //获取数据区的数据    for (int i = 0; i < theModel->rowCount(); i++)    {        QStandardItem* aItem = theModel->item(i, 0); //测深        qint16 ceShen = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toInt();        aStream << ceShen;// 写入文件流,qint16        aItem = theModel->item(i, 1); //垂深        qreal chuiShen = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toFloat();        aStream << chuiShen;//写入文件流, qreal        aItem = theModel->item(i, 2); //方位        qreal fangWei = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toFloat();        aStream << fangWei;//写入文件流, qreal        aItem = theModel->item(i, 3); //位移        qreal weiYi = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toFloat();        aStream << weiYi;//写入文件流, qreal        aItem = theModel->item(i, 4); //固井质量        QString zhiLiang = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toString();        aStream << zhiLiang;// 写入文件流,字符串        aItem = theModel->item(i, 5); //测井        bool quYang = (aItem->checkState() == Qt::Checked);        aStream << quYang;// 写入文件流,bool型    }    aFile.close();        return true;}//读取数据流文件bool QGuiFileSys::openDataAsStream(QString& aFileName){    //从Qt预定义流文件读入数据    QFile aFile(aFileName);    if (!aFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly))        return false;    QDataStream aStream(&aFile);//用文本流读取文件    aStream.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_12);//设置流文件版本号    qint16 rowCount, colCount;    aStream >> rowCount;//读取行数    aStream >> colCount;//读取列数    this->resetTable(rowCount);//表格复位    //读取表头文字    QString str;    for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++)    {        aStream >> str;//读取表头字符串    }    //获取数据区文字    qint16  ceShen;    qreal  chuiShen;    qreal  fangWei;    qreal  weiYi;    QString  zhiLiang;    bool    quYang;    QStandardItem* aItem;    QModelIndex index;    for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++)    {        aStream >> ceShen;//读取测深, qint16        index = theModel->index(i, 0);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(ceShen, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream >> chuiShen;//垂深,qreal        index = theModel->index(i, 1);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(chuiShen, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream >> fangWei;//方位,qreal        index = theModel->index(i, 2);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(fangWei, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream >> weiYi;//位移,qreal        index = theModel->index(i, 3);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(weiYi, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream >> zhiLiang;//固井质量,QString        index = theModel->index(i, 4);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(zhiLiang, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream >> quYang;//bool        index = theModel->index(i, 5);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        if (quYang)            aItem->setCheckState(Qt::Checked);        else            aItem->setCheckState(Qt::Unchecked);    }    aFile.close();    return true;}//保存为二进制文件bool QGuiFileSys::saveBinaryFile(QString& aFileName){    //保存为纯二进制文件    QFile aFile(aFileName);  //以文件方式读出    if (!(aFile.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)))        return false;    QDataStream aStream(&aFile); //用文本流读取文件    //aStream.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_9); //无需设置数据流的版本    aStream.setByteOrder(QDataStream::LittleEndian);//windows平台    //aStream.setByteOrder(QDataStream::BigEndian);//QDataStream::LittleEndian    qint16  rowCount = theModel->rowCount();    qint16  colCount = theModel->columnCount();    aStream.writeRawData((char*)&rowCount, sizeof(qint16)); //写入文件流    aStream.writeRawData((char*)&colCount, sizeof(qint16));//写入文件流    //获取表头文字    QByteArray  btArray;    QStandardItem* aItem;    for (int i = 0; i < theModel->columnCount(); i++)    {        aItem = theModel->horizontalHeaderItem(i); //获取表头item        QString str = aItem->text(); //获取表头文字        btArray = str.toUtf8(); //转换为字符数组        aStream.writeBytes(btArray, btArray.length()); //写入文件流,长度uint型,然后是字符串内容    }    //获取数据区文字,    qint8   yes = 1, no = 0; //分别代表逻辑值 true和false    for (int i = 0; i < theModel->rowCount(); i++)    {        aItem = theModel->item(i, 0); //测深        qint16 ceShen = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toInt();//qint16类型        aStream.writeRawData((char*)&ceShen, sizeof(qint16));//写入文件流        aItem = theModel->item(i, 1); //垂深        qreal chuiShen = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toFloat();//qreal 类型        aStream.writeRawData((char*)&chuiShen, sizeof(qreal));//写入文件流        aItem = theModel->item(i, 2); //方位        qreal fangWei = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toFloat();        aStream.writeRawData((char*)&fangWei, sizeof(qreal));        aItem = theModel->item(i, 3); //位移        qreal weiYi = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toFloat();        aStream.writeRawData((char*)&weiYi, sizeof(qreal));        aItem = theModel->item(i, 4); //固井质量        QString zhiLiang = aItem->data(Qt::DisplayRole).toString();        btArray = zhiLiang.toUtf8();        aStream.writeBytes(btArray, btArray.length()); //写入长度,uint,然后是字符串        //aStream.writeRawData(btArray,btArray.length());//对于字符串,应使用writeBytes()函数        aItem = theModel->item(i, 5); //测井取样        bool quYang = (aItem->checkState() == Qt::Checked); //true or false        if (quYang)            aStream.writeRawData((char*)&yes, sizeof(qint8));        else            aStream.writeRawData((char*)&no, sizeof(qint8));    }    aFile.close();    return true;}//打开二进制文件bool QGuiFileSys::openBinaryFile(QString& aFileName){    //打开二进制文件    QFile aFile(aFileName);  //以文件方式读出    if (!(aFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)))        return false;    QDataStream aStream(&aFile); //用文本流读取文件    //aStream.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_9); //设置数据流的版本    aStream.setByteOrder(QDataStream::LittleEndian);    //aStream.setByteOrder(QDataStream::BigEndian);    qint16  rowCount, colCount;    aStream.readRawData((char*)&rowCount, sizeof(qint16));    aStream.readRawData((char*)&colCount, sizeof(qint16));    this->resetTable(rowCount);    //获取表头文字,但是并不利用    char* buf;    uint strLen;  //也就是 quint32    for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++)    {        aStream.readBytes(buf, strLen);//同时读取字符串长度,和字符串内容        QString str = QString::fromLocal8Bit(buf, strLen); //可处理汉字    }    //获取数据区数据    QStandardItem* aItem;    qint16  ceShen;    qreal  chuiShen;    qreal  fangWei;    qreal  weiYi;    QString  zhiLiang;    qint8   quYang; //分别代表逻辑值 true和false    QModelIndex index;    for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++)    {        aStream.readRawData((char*)&ceShen, sizeof(qint16)); //测深        index = theModel->index(i, 0);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(ceShen, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream.readRawData((char*)&chuiShen, sizeof(qreal)); //垂深        index = theModel->index(i, 1);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(chuiShen, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream.readRawData((char*)&fangWei, sizeof(qreal)); //方位        index = theModel->index(i, 2);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(fangWei, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream.readRawData((char*)&weiYi, sizeof(qreal)); //位移        index = theModel->index(i, 3);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(weiYi, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream.readBytes(buf, strLen);//固井质量        zhiLiang = QString::fromLocal8Bit(buf, strLen);        index = theModel->index(i, 4);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        aItem->setData(zhiLiang, Qt::DisplayRole);        aStream.readRawData((char*)&quYang, sizeof(qint8)); //测井取样        index = theModel->index(i, 5);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(index);        if (quYang == 1)            aItem->setCheckState(Qt::Checked);        else            aItem->setCheckState(Qt::Unchecked);    }    aFile.close();    return true;}void QGuiFileSys::theSelection_currentChanged(const QModelIndex& current, const QModelIndex& previous){    Q_UNUSED(previous);    if (current.isValid())    {        LabCellPos->setText(QString::asprintf("当前单元格:%d行,%d列",            current.row(), current.column()));        QStandardItem* aItem;        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(current); //从模型索引获得Item        this->LabCellText->setText("单元格内容:" + aItem->text());        QFont   font = aItem->font();        ui.actFontBold->setChecked(font.bold());    }}void QGuiFileSys::actTabReset_triggered(){    //表格复位    resetTable(10);}void QGuiFileSys::actOpenStm_triggered(){    QString curPath = QDir::currentPath();    //调用打开文件对话框打开一个文件    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, tr("打开一个文件"), curPath,        "流数据文件(*.stm)");    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return; //    if (openDataAsStream(aFileName)) //保存为流数据文件        QMessageBox::information(this, "提示消息", "文件已经打开!");}void QGuiFileSys::actSaveStm_triggered(){    //以Qt预定义编码保存数据文件    QString curPath = QDir::currentPath();    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, tr("选择保存文件"), curPath,        "Qt预定义编码数据文件(*.stm)");    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return; //    if (saveDataAsStream(aFileName)) //保存为流数据文件        QMessageBox::information(this, "提示消息", "文件已经成功保存!");}void QGuiFileSys::actOpenBin_triggered(){    //打开二进制文件    QString curPath = QDir::currentPath();//系统当前目录    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, tr("打开一个文件"), curPath,        "二进制数据文件(*.dat)");    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return; //    if (openBinaryFile(aFileName)) //保存为流数据文件        QMessageBox::information(this, "提示消息", "文件已经打开!");}void QGuiFileSys::actSaveBin_triggered(){    //保存二进制文件    QString curPath = QDir::currentPath();    //调用打开文件对话框选择一个文件    QString aFileName = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, tr("选择保存文件"), curPath,        "二进制数据文件(*.dat)");    if (aFileName.isEmpty())        return; //    if (saveBinaryFile(aFileName)) //保存为流数据文件        QMessageBox::information(this, "提示消息", "文件已经成功保存!");}void QGuiFileSys::actAppend_triggered(){    //添加行    QList aItemList; //容器类    QStandardItem* aItem;    QString str;    for (int i = 0; i < FixedColumnCount - 2; i++)    {        aItem = new QStandardItem("0"); //创建Item        aItemList << aItem;   //添加到容器    }    aItem = new QStandardItem("优"); //创建Item    aItemList << aItem;   //添加到容器    str = theModel->headerData(theModel->columnCount() - 1, Qt::Horizontal, Qt::DisplayRole).toString();    aItem = new QStandardItem(str); //创建Item    aItem->setCheckable(true);    aItem->setEditable(false);    aItemList << aItem;   //添加到容器    theModel->insertRow(theModel->rowCount(), aItemList); //插入一行,需要每个Cell的Item    QModelIndex curIndex = theModel->index(theModel->rowCount() - 1, 0);//创建最后一行的ModelIndex    theSelection->clearSelection();    theSelection->setCurrentIndex(curIndex, QItemSelectionModel::Select);}void QGuiFileSys::actInsert_triggered(){    //插入行    QList aItemList;  //QStandardItem的容器类    QStandardItem* aItem;    QString str;    for (int i = 0; i < FixedColumnCount - 2; i++)    {        aItem = new QStandardItem("0"); //新建一个QStandardItem        aItemList << aItem;//添加到容器类    }    aItem = new QStandardItem("优"); //新建一个QStandardItem    aItemList << aItem;//添加到容器类    str = theModel->headerData(theModel->columnCount() - 1, Qt::Horizontal, Qt::DisplayRole).toString();    aItem = new QStandardItem(str); //创建Item    aItem->setCheckable(true);    aItem->setEditable(false);    aItemList << aItem;//添加到容器类    QModelIndex curIndex = theSelection->currentIndex();    theModel->insertRow(curIndex.row(), aItemList);    theSelection->clearSelection();    theSelection->setCurrentIndex(curIndex, QItemSelectionModel::Select);}void QGuiFileSys::actDelete_triggered(){    //删除行    QModelIndex curIndex = theSelection->currentIndex();    if (curIndex.row() == theModel->rowCount() - 1)//(curIndex.isValid())        theModel->removeRow(curIndex.row());    else    {        theModel->removeRow(curIndex.row());        theSelection->setCurrentIndex(curIndex, QItemSelectionModel::Select);    }}void QGuiFileSys::actAlignLeft_triggered(){    if (!theSelection->hasSelection())        return;    QModelIndexList selectedIndix = theSelection->selectedIndexes();    QModelIndex aIndex;    QStandardItem* aItem;    for (int i = 0; i < selectedIndix.count(); i++)    {        aIndex = selectedIndix.at(i);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(aIndex);        aItem->setTextAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);    }}void QGuiFileSys::actAlignCenter_triggered(){    if (!theSelection->hasSelection())        return;    QModelIndexList selectedIndix = theSelection->selectedIndexes();    QModelIndex aIndex;    QStandardItem* aItem;    for (int i = 0; i < selectedIndix.count(); i++)    {        aIndex = selectedIndix.at(i);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(aIndex);        aItem->setTextAlignment(Qt::AlignHCenter);    }}void QGuiFileSys::actAlignRight_triggered(){    if (!theSelection->hasSelection())        return;    QModelIndexList selectedIndix = theSelection->selectedIndexes();    QModelIndex aIndex;    QStandardItem* aItem;    for (int i = 0; i < selectedIndix.count(); i++)    {        aIndex = selectedIndix.at(i);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(aIndex);        aItem->setTextAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);    }}void QGuiFileSys::actFontBold_triggered(bool checked){    if (!theSelection->hasSelection())        return;    QModelIndexList selectedIndix = theSelection->selectedIndexes();    QModelIndex aIndex;    QStandardItem* aItem;    QFont   font;    for (int i = 0; i < selectedIndix.count(); i++)    {        aIndex = selectedIndix.at(i);        aItem = theModel->itemFromIndex(aIndex);        font = aItem->font();        font.setBold(checked);        aItem->setFont(font);    }}效果如下

使用QDataStream保存文件时使用的数据编码的方式不同,可以保存为两种
1、使用Qt预定义编码保存各种类型数据的文件,定义文件后缀为“.stm”,Qt预定义编码指的是在写入某个数据类型到文件流时,使用Qt预定义的编码。使用Qt预定义编码保存的流文件,某些字节是QDataStream自己写入的,我们并不完全知道文件内每个字节的意义,但是使用QDataStream可以读出相应的数据
2、便准编码数据文件,定义文件后缀为“.dat”,在将数据写到文件时,完全使用数据的二进制原始内容,每个字节都有具体的定义,在读出数据时,只需要根据每个字节的定义读出数据即可