提起剪切板，一般都是在桌面系统或工具中使用。目前，操作Java剪切板有两种形式，这也对应着两种不同的技术Swing和JavaFX。

而剪切板有可以分为系统剪切板和自定义剪切板。顾名思义，系统剪切板可以在操作系统的范围内通用，一般支持String文本类型和Image图像类型。而自定义剪切板主要用于Java桌面应用程序内部的数据转移。

2.1.1 设置

//获取系统剪切板
Clipboard clipboard = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard();
//设置字符串
String str = "测试设置String到剪切板";
//构建String数据类型
StringSelection selection = new StringSelection(str);
//添加文本到系统剪切板
clipboard.setContents(selection, null);

2.1.2 获取

Transferable content = clipboard.getContents(null);//从系统剪切板中获取数据
if (content.isDataFlavorSupported(DataFlavor.stringFlavor)) {//判断是否为文本类型String text = (String) content.getTransferData(DataFlavor.stringFlavor);//从数据中获取文本值if (text == null) {return;}System.out.println(text);
}

2.2.1 设置

public static void setImageClipboard(Image image) {ImageSelection imgSel = new ImageSelection(image);Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().setContents(imgSel, null);
}public static class ImageSelection implements Transferable {private Image image;public ImageSelection(Image image) {this.image = image;}public DataFlavor[] getTransferDataFlavors() {return new DataFlavor[]{DataFlavor.imageFlavor};}public boolean isDataFlavorSupported(DataFlavor flavor) {return DataFlavor.imageFlavor.equals(flavor);}public Object getTransferData(DataFlavor flavor) throws UnsupportedFlavorException, IOException {if (!DataFlavor.imageFlavor.equals(flavor)) {throw new UnsupportedFlavorException(flavor);}return image;}
}

2.2.2 获取

public static Image getImageClipboard() {Transferable t = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().getContents(null);try {if (null  != t && t.isDataFlavorSupported(DataFlavor.imageFlavor)) {Image image = (Image)t.getTransferData(DataFlavor.imageFlavor);return image;}} catch (UnsupportedFlavorException e) {//System.out.println("Error tip: "+e.getMessage());} catch (IOException e) {//System.out.println("Error tip: "+e.getMessage());}return null;
}

2.3.1 首先需要写一个数据类

public class TestSelection implements Transferable, ClipboardOwner {public static final DataFlavor rangeFlavor = new DataFlavor(RangeDataModel.class, "Report Range");//class为自定义的java类 字串随便private static final DataFlavor[] flavors = { rangeFlavor };private Object data;public TestSelection(Object data) {this.data = data;}@Overridepublic Object getTransferData(DataFlavor flavor) throws UnsupportedFlavorException, IOException {if (flavor.equals(flavors[RANGE])) {return data;} else {throw new UnsupportedFlavorException(flavor);}}@Overridepublic DataFlavor[] getTransferDataFlavors() {return (DataFlavor[]) flavors.clone();}@Overridepublic boolean isDataFlavorSupported(DataFlavor flavor) {for (int i = 0; i < flavors.length; i++) {if (flavor.equals(flavors[i])) {return true;}}return false;}@Overridepublic void lostOwnership(Clipboard clipboard, Transferable contents) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub}
}

2.3.2 设置

//创建自定义剪切板对象
Clipboard clipboard = new Clipboard("clipboardName");
//构建数据对象 data为数据类型java类的对象
ReportSelection content = new ReportSelection(data);
clipboard.setContents(content, null);

2.3.3 获取

//注意：自定义剪切板必须给null参数
Transferable content = clipboard.getContents(null);
if (content.isDataFlavorSupported(ReportSelection.rangeFlavor)) {RangeDataModel data = (RangeDataModel) content.getTransferData(ReportSelection.rangeFlavor);System.out.println(data);
}

3.1 设置

Clipboard clipboard = Clipboard.getSystemClipboard();
ClipboardContent cc = new ClipboardContent();
cc.putString("测试使用JavaFX向系统剪切板放置数据");
clipboard.setContent(cc);

3.2 获取

Clipboard clipboard = Clipboard.getSystemClipboard();
clipboard.getContent(DataFormat.PLAIN_TEXT);

至于JavaFX对其他类型的数据的剪切支持，DataFormat中定义了以下类型PLAIN_TEXT、HTML、RTF、URL、IMAGE、FILES，大家可以去尝试