【Unity3D】实现2D小地图效果

一、玩家脚本Player

二、Canvas组件设置

三、小地图相关

四、GameLogicMap脚本修改

基于：【Unity3D】Tilemap俯视角像素游戏案例-CSDN博客

2D玩家添加Dotween移动DOPath效果，移动完成后进行刷新小地图（小地图会顺便刷新大地图）

一、玩家脚本Player

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using DG.Tweening;
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
{void Update(){if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0)){Vector2 pos = Input.mousePosition;Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(pos);RaycastHit2D hit = Physics2D.Raycast(ray.origin, ray.direction);if (hit.collider != null){Vector2 hitPos = hit.point;Vector3Int v3Int = new Vector3Int(Mathf.FloorToInt(hitPos.x), Mathf.FloorToInt(hitPos.y), 0);List<Vector3Int> pathPointList = GameLogicMap.Instance.PlayAstar(v3Int);Vector3[] pathArray = new Vector3[pathPointList.Count];int offset = pathPointList.Count - 1;for (int i = pathPointList.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--){                    Vector3Int pointPos = pathPointList[i];Vector3 worldPos = GameLogicMap.Instance.GetWorldPos(pointPos);pathArray[offset - i] = worldPos;}transform.DOPath(pathArray, 1f).OnComplete(() =>{Debug.Log("移动完成 更新小地图");GameLogicMap.Instance.DrawSmallMap();}).SetAutoKill(true);}}}public Vector3Int GetPos(){Vector3 pos = transform.position;return new Vector3Int(Mathf.FloorToInt(pos.x - 0.5f), Mathf.FloorToInt(pos.y - 0.5f), 0);}
}

二、Canvas组件设置

三、小地图相关

原理：利用2D游戏为了实现寻路而创建的二维数组去生成一张Texture2D纹理图，大地图是直接用int[,]map二维数组去创建，map[x,y]等于1是空地，不等于1是障碍物或不可穿越地形；
大地图上的玩家绿点是直接拿到玩家在map的坐标点直接绘制。

小地图是以玩家为中心的[-smallSize/2, smallSize/2]范围内进行绘制；小地图上的玩家绿点是直接绘制到中心点(smallSize.x/2, smallSize.y/2)；

注意：绘制到Texture2D的像素点坐标是[0, size]范围的，则小地图的绘制是SetPixel(i, j, color)，传递i, j是[0,size]范围的，而不要传递x, y，这个x,y的取值是以玩家点为中心的[-size/2, size/2]范围坐标值，如下取法：

x = 玩家点.x - size.x/2 + i;
y = 玩家点.y - size.y/2 + j;

用2层for遍历来看的话就是从(玩家点.x - size.x/2, 玩家点.y - size.y/2)坐标点，从下往上，从左往右依次遍历每个map[x,y]点生成对应颜色的像素点，构成一张Texture2D图片。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;public class SmallMapFor2D : MonoBehaviour
{public Image smallImage;public Vector2Int smallSize;private Vector2Int lastSmallSize;Texture2D smallImageTexture2D;public Image bigImage;Vector2Int bigSize;Texture2D bigImageTexture2D;private Vector3Int playerPoint;//环境二维数组地图[静态] 若是动态需改为自定义类数组，此时是int值类型数组private int[,] map;//初始化大地图整体public void InitBigMap(int[,] map, Vector2Int size){//已初始化则直接退出if (bigImageTexture2D != null)return;this.map = map;this.bigSize = size;bigImageTexture2D = new Texture2D(bigSize.x, bigSize.y);bigImageTexture2D.filterMode = FilterMode.Point;DrawBigMap();}public void DrawBigMap(){int mapWidth = map.GetLength(0);int mapHeight = map.GetLength(1);for (int i = 0; i < bigSize.x; i++){for (int j = 0; j < bigSize.y; j++){//判断是否在map范围内if (i < mapWidth && j < mapHeight){if (map[i, j] == 1) //空地{bigImageTexture2D.SetPixel(i, j, new Color(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 0.5f));}else //障碍物{bigImageTexture2D.SetPixel(i, j, new Color(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.5f));}}else{//非map范围内bigImageTexture2D.SetPixel(i, j, new Color(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.8f));}}}if (playerPoint != null){//更新大地图玩家点bigImageTexture2D.SetPixel(playerPoint.x, playerPoint.y, Color.green);}bigImageTexture2D.Apply();//bigImage.material.SetTexture("_MainTex", bigImageTexture2D);bigImage.material.mainTexture = bigImageTexture2D;bigImage.SetMaterialDirty();}//动态绘制小地图 时机:玩家移动完成后public void DrawSmallMap(Vector3Int playerPoint){//中途可换小地图大小if (this.lastSmallSize != null && this.lastSmallSize.x != smallSize.x && this.lastSmallSize.y != smallSize.y){if (smallImageTexture2D != null){Destroy(smallImageTexture2D);smallImageTexture2D = null;}smallImageTexture2D = new Texture2D(smallSize.x, smallSize.y);smallImageTexture2D.filterMode = FilterMode.Point;}this.lastSmallSize = smallSize;this.playerPoint = playerPoint;int mapWidth = map.GetLength(0);int mapHeight = map.GetLength(1);        for (int i = 0; i < smallSize.x; i++){for (int j = 0; j < smallSize.y; j++){//中心点是人物点 故绘制点为如下int x = playerPoint.x - smallSize.x / 2 + i;int y = playerPoint.y - smallSize.y / 2 + j;//判断是否在map范围内if (x >= 0 && x < mapWidth && y >= 0 && y < mapHeight){if (map[x, y] == 1) //空地{smallImageTexture2D.SetPixel(i, j, new Color(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 0.5f));}else //障碍物{smallImageTexture2D.SetPixel(i, j, new Color(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.5f));}}else{//非map范围内smallImageTexture2D.SetPixel(i, j, new Color(0.8f, 0f, 0f, 0.8f));}}}smallImageTexture2D.SetPixel(smallSize.x / 2, smallSize.y / 2, Color.green);        smallImageTexture2D.Apply();//smallImage.material.SetTexture("_MainTex", smallImageTexture2D);smallImage.material.mainTexture = smallImageTexture2D;smallImage.SetMaterialDirty();//更新大地图 因为玩家位置变化//(可优化 不需要重新整张地图再绘制 只更新上一个玩家点和新玩家点，只是要保存的大地图原始数据、旧玩家点更新即可)DrawBigMap();}
}

小地图2张Image图片的材质球要使用不同的材质球实例

四、GameLogicMap脚本修改

主要变化新增和修改：

初始化绘制大地图和小地图
smallMapFor2D.InitBigMap(map, new Vector2Int(map.GetLength(0), map.GetLength(1)));
DrawSmallMap();

A*寻路方法返回路径数组，这是一个从终点到起点的数组，所以使用时是倒序遍历的。
public List<Vector3Int> PlayAstar(Vector3Int endPos)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Tilemaps;
using UnityEngine.UI;public class GameLogicMap : MonoBehaviour
{public static GameLogicMap _instance;public static GameLogicMap Instance{get { return _instance; }}public Grid terrainGrid;private Tilemap terrainTilemap;public Grid buildGrid;private Tilemap buildTilemap;public Player player;public int[,] map;private Vector3Int mapOffset;public SmallMapFor2D smallMapFor2D;private const int ConstZ = 0;public class Point{public Vector3Int pos;public Point parent;public float F { get { return G + H; } } //F = G + Hpublic float G; //G = parent.G + Distance(parent,self)public float H; //H = Distance(self, end)public string GetString(){return "pos:" + pos + ",F:" + F + ",G:" + G + ",H:" + H + "\n";}}private List<Point> openList = new List<Point>();private List<Point> closeList = new List<Point>();public LineRenderer lineRenderer;private void Awake(){_instance = this;}void Start(){terrainTilemap = terrainGrid.transform.Find("Tilemap").GetComponent<Tilemap>();buildTilemap = buildGrid.transform.Find("Tilemap").GetComponent<Tilemap>();BoundsInt terrainBound = terrainTilemap.cellBounds;BoundsInt buildBound = buildTilemap.cellBounds;map = new int[terrainBound.size.x, terrainBound.size.y];mapOffset = new Vector3Int(-terrainBound.xMin, -terrainBound.yMin, 0);Debug.Log("mapOffset:" + mapOffset);foreach (var pos in terrainBound.allPositionsWithin){var sprite = terrainTilemap.GetSprite(pos);if (sprite != null){SetMapValue(pos.x, pos.y, 1); //空地1}}foreach (var pos in buildBound.allPositionsWithin){var sprite = buildTilemap.GetSprite(pos);if (sprite != null){SetMapValue(pos.x, pos.y, 2); //障碍2}}smallMapFor2D.InitBigMap(map, new Vector2Int(map.GetLength(0), map.GetLength(1)));DrawSmallMap();}//绘制小地图public void DrawSmallMap(){//传递玩家在Map的坐标smallMapFor2D.DrawSmallMap(ToMapPos(player.GetPos()));}private void SetMapValue(int x, int y, int value){map[x + mapOffset.x, y + mapOffset.y] = value;}private Vector3Int ToMapPos(Vector3Int pos){return pos + mapOffset;}public List<Vector3Int> PlayAstar(Vector3Int endPos){endPos = ToMapPos(endPos);Debug.Log(endPos);openList.Clear();closeList.Clear();Vector3Int playerPos = player.GetPos();playerPos = ToMapPos(playerPos);openList.Add(new Point(){G = 0f,H = GetC(playerPos, endPos),parent = null,pos = playerPos,});List<Vector3Int> resultList = CalculateAstar(endPos);if (resultList != null){lineRenderer.positionCount = resultList.Count;for (int i = 0; i < resultList.Count; i++){Vector3Int pos = resultList[i];lineRenderer.SetPosition(i, GetWorldPos(pos));}}else{Debug.LogError("寻路失败;");}return resultList;}public Vector3 GetWorldPos(Vector3Int pos){pos.x = pos.x - mapOffset.x;pos.y = pos.y - mapOffset.y;return terrainTilemap.GetCellCenterWorld(pos);}private List<Vector3Int> CalculateAstar(Vector3Int endPos){int cnt = 0;while (true){//存在父节点说明已经结束            if (openList.Exists(x => x.pos.Equals(endPos))){Debug.Log("找到父节点~" + endPos + ",迭代次数:" + cnt);List<Vector3Int> resultList = new List<Vector3Int>();Point endPoint = openList.Find(x => x.pos.Equals(endPos));resultList.Add(endPoint.pos);Point parent = endPoint.parent;while (parent != null){resultList.Add(parent.pos);parent = parent.parent;}return resultList;}cnt++;if (cnt > 100 * map.GetLength(0) * map.GetLength(1)){Debug.LogError(cnt);return null;}//从列表取最小F值的Point开始遍历Point currentPoint = openList.OrderBy(x => x.F).FirstOrDefault();string str = "";foreach (var v in openList){str += v.GetString();}Debug.Log("最小F：" + currentPoint.GetString() + "\n" + str);Vector3Int pos = currentPoint.pos;for (int i = -1; i <= 1; i++){for (int j = -1; j <= 1; j++){if (i == 0 && j == 0){continue;}//过滤越界、墙体(map[x,y]不等于1)、已处理节点（存在闭合列表的节点）Vector3Int tempPos = new Vector3Int(i + pos.x, j + pos.y, ConstZ);if (tempPos.x < 0 || tempPos.x >= map.GetLength(0) || tempPos.y < 0 || tempPos.y >= map.GetLength(1)|| map[tempPos.x, tempPos.y] != 1|| closeList.Exists(x => x.pos.Equals(tempPos))){continue;}//判断tempPos该节点是否已经计算,  在openList的就是已经计算的Point tempPoint = openList.Find(x => x.pos.Equals(tempPos));float newG = currentPoint.G + Vector3.Distance(currentPoint.pos, tempPos);if (tempPoint != null){//H固定不变,因此判断旧的G值和当前计算出的G值，如果当前G值更小，需要改变节点数据的父节点和G值为当前的，否则保持原样float oldG = tempPoint.G;if (newG < oldG){tempPoint.G = newG;tempPoint.parent = currentPoint;Debug.Log("更新节点:" + tempPoint.pos + ", newG:" + newG + ", oldG:" + oldG + ",parent:" + tempPoint.parent.pos);}}else{tempPoint = new Point(){G = newG,H = GetC(tempPos, endPos),pos = tempPos,parent = currentPoint};Debug.Log("新加入节点:" + tempPoint.pos + ", newG:" + newG + ", parent:" + currentPoint.pos);openList.Add(tempPoint);}}}//已处理过的当前节点从开启列表移除,并放入关闭列表openList.Remove(currentPoint);closeList.Add(currentPoint);}}private float GetC(Vector3Int a, Vector3Int b){return Math.Abs(a.x - b.x) + Math.Abs(a.y - b.y);}
}