北京网站优化解决方案,重庆做网站熊掌号,代运营公司排名前十,做网站要具备哪些操作环境说明#xff1a;两台服务器使用相同的Redhat 5.5内核版本为#xff1a;2.6.18-194.el5在主库(primary database)中提前安装好了Oracle 11gR2软件#xff0c;通过DBCA创建了数据库#xff0c;实例名为PRIMARY备库(standby database)中只安装了Oracle 11gR2软件…操作环境说明两台服务器使用相同的Redhat 5.5内核版本为2.6.18-194.el5在主库(primary database)中提前安装好了Oracle 11gR2软件通过DBCA创建了数据库实例名为PRIMARY备库(standby database)中只安装了Oracle 11gR2软件未创建数据库。本文完整记录基于11g的DG配置主库配置1、确认主库开启了archivelog模式并设置为force logging模式SYSPRIMARYalter database force logging ;alter database force logging*ERROR at line 1:ORA-12920: database is already in force logging mode复制代码2、创建standby controlfileSYSPRIMARYalter database create standby controlfile as /u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl;Database altered.复制代码3、登录到主库可以了解一下数据文件的信息之后安全关闭数据库将全部数据文件拷贝到备库的相应目录下,直接复制目录最简单SYSPRIMARYselect name from v$datafile;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/data/primary/system01.dbf/u01/data/primary/sysaux01.dbf/u01/data/primary/undotbs01.dbf/u01/data/primary/users.dbfSYSPRIMARYshow parameter control_filesNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------control_files                        string      /u01/data/primary/primary/control01.ctl, /u01/data/primary/primary/control02.ctlSYSPRIMARYselect group#,member from v$logfile;GROUP# MEMBER---------- ------------------------------1 /u01/data/primary/redo01a.rdo1 /u01/data/primary/redo01b.rdo2 /u01/data/primary/redo02a.rdo2 /u01/data/primary/redo02b.rdo3 /u01/data/primary/redo03a.rdo3 /u01/data/primary/redo03b.rdo6 rows selected.SYSPRIMARYshutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SYSPRIMARYquitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options[oraclelocalhost ~]$ cd /u01/data/[oraclelocalhost data]$ scp -r primary/ 172.26.29.4:/u01/dataoracle172.26.29.4s password:system01.dbf                                                                               100%  172MB  34.4MB/s   00:05redo01b.rdo                                                                                100%  100MB  33.3MB/s   00:03sysaux01.dbf                                                                               100%  100MB  50.0MB/s   00:02undotbs01.dbf                                                                              100%  133MB  44.3MB/s   00:03.......[oraclelocalhost data]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Feb 21 20:54:47 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SYSPRIMARYstartupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytesFixed Size                  2213776 bytesVariable Size             402655344 bytesDatabase Buffers         1191182336 bytesRedo Buffers                7360512 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.复制代码4、主库修改初始化参数文件SYSPRIMARYcreate pfile from spfile;File created.SYSPRIMARY!复制代码在pfile后面追加如下这些参数参数的含义请查看联机文档。log_archive_configdg_config(primary,standby)log_archive_dest_1location/u01/data/primary/arclog_archive_dest_2servicestandby async valid_for(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_nameSTANDBYlog_archive_dest_state_1enablelog_archive_dest_state_2enablelog_archive_format%t_%s_%r.arclog_archive_max_processes10log_file_name_convert/u01/data/primary/arc,/u01/data/primary/arcfal_clientPRIMARYfal_serverSTANDBYstandby_file_managementautoremote_login_passwordfileexclusive这里要注意log_archive_dest_2这个参数中db_unique_name的值为备库的db_unique_name最好完全与备库一致包括大小写log_file_name_convert的值中第一个值为主库的归档日志目录第二个为备库的归档日志目录[oraclelocalhost dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.oraPRIMARY.__db_cache_size1191182336PRIMARY.__java_pool_size16777216PRIMARY.__large_pool_size16777216PRIMARY.__oracle_base/u01/app#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentPRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target1677721600PRIMARY.__sga_target1610612736PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size0PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size369098752PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size0*.compatible11.2.0*.control_files/u01/data/primary/primary/control01.ctl,/u01/data/primary/primary/control02.ctl*.core_dump_dest/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump*.db_block_size8192*.db_namePRIMARY*.db_recovery_file_dest/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area*.db_recovery_file_dest_size53687091200*.db_unique_namePRIMARY*.fal_clientPRIMARY*.fal_serverSTANDBY*.log_archive_configdg_config(primary,standby)*.log_archive_dest_1location/u01/data/primary/arc*.log_archive_dest_2servicestandby async valid_for(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_nameSTANDBY*.log_archive_dest_state_1enable*.log_archive_dest_state_2enable*.log_archive_format%t_%s_%r.arc*.log_archive_max_processes10*.log_file_name_convert/u01/data/primary/arc,/u01/data/primary/arc*.nls_date_formatYYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss*.nls_languageSIMPLIFIED CHINESE*.nls_territoryCHINA*.open_cursors300*.pga_aggregate_target1669332992*.processes1000*.remote_login_passwordfileexclusive*.sessions1105*.sga_target1610612736*.standby_file_managementauto*.undo_managementAUTO*.undo_tablespaceUNDOTBS01复制代码5、主库创建pfile和passwordfile后拷贝到备库的相同路径下注意使用orapwd创建口令文件时一定要使用ignorecase选项。否则启动备库后可能会在alert文件中提示ORA-16191错误。这个问题有可能是Oracle 11g中的一个bug我被他困扰折磨了老半天...[oraclelocalhost data]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs[oraclelocalhost dbs]$ orapwd fileorapwPRIMARY passwordsys forcey ignorecasey[oraclelocalhost dbs]$ lshc_PRIMARY.dat  init.ora         lkPRAMARY  lkTDB1  orapwPRIMARY      orapwtdb1          spfiletdb1.orahc_tdb1.dat     initPRIMARY.ora  lkPRIMARY  lkTEST  orapwPRIMARY.bak  spfilePRIMARY.ora[oraclelocalhost dbs]$ scp -r orapwPRIMARY initPRIMARY.ora 172.26.29.4:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbsoracle172.26.29.4s password:orapwPRIMARY                                                                               100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00initPRIMARY.ora                                                                            100% 1496     1.5KB/s   00:00复制代码5、备库获取数据文件初始化参数文件和口令文件后对初始化参数文件进行相应修改需要修改的参数如下db_unique_nameSTANDBYlog_archive_dest_2serviceprimary async valid_for(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_namePRIMARYfal_serverprimaryfal_clientstandbycontrol_files/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl 此处使用standby controlfile简单来说就是将这几个参数依据备库与主库做一个映像般的调换[oracletam dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.oraPRIMARY.__db_cache_size1191182336PRIMARY.__java_pool_size16777216PRIMARY.__large_pool_size16777216PRIMARY.__oracle_base/u01/app#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentPRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target1677721600PRIMARY.__sga_target1610612736PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size0PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size369098752PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size0*.compatible11.2.0*.control_files/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl*.core_dump_dest/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump*.db_block_size8192*.db_namePRIMARY*.db_recovery_file_dest/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area*.db_recovery_file_dest_size53687091200*.db_unique_nameSTANDBY*.fal_clientSTANDBY*.fal_serverPRIMARY*.log_archive_configdg_config(primary,standby)*.log_archive_dest_1location/u01/data/primary/arc*.log_archive_dest_2serviceprimary async valid_for(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_namePRIMARY*.log_archive_dest_state_1enable*.log_archive_dest_state_2enable*.log_archive_format%t_%s_%r.arc*.log_archive_max_processes10*.log_file_name_convert/u01/data/primary/arc,/u01/data/primary/arc*.nls_date_formatYYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss*.nls_languageSIMPLIFIED CHINESE*.nls_territoryCHINA*.open_cursors300*.pga_aggregate_target1669332992*.processes1000*.remote_login_passwordfileexclusive*.sessions1105*.sga_target1610612736*.standby_file_managementauto*.undo_managementAUTO*.undo_tablespaceUNDOTBS01复制代码6、配置主库和备库中的监听服务和tnsnames.ora主库注意listener.ora文件中的SID_NAME是大小写敏感的笔者因为忽略了这个问题导致配置监听和启动监听成功后一致不能远程登录...[oraclelocalhost admin]$ cat listener.ora# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.SID_LIST_LISTENER (SID_LIST (SID_DESC (SID_NAME PLSExtProc)(ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)(PROGRAM extproc))(SID_DESC (SID_NAME PRIMARY)(ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)(GLOBAL_DBNAME primary)))LISTENER (DESCRIPTION_LIST (DESCRIPTION (ADDRESS (PROTOCOL TCP)(HOST 172.26.29.2)(PORT 1521))(ADDRESS (PROTOCOL IPC)(KEY EXTPROC0))))[oraclelocalhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.oranames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.STANDBY (DESCRIPTION (ADDRESS (PROTOCOL TCP)(HOST 172.26.29.4)(PORT 1521))(CONNECT_DATA (SERVER DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME primary)))EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA (DESCRIPTION (ADDRESS_LIST (ADDRESS (PROTOCOL IPC)(KEY EXTPROC0)))(CONNECT_DATA (SID PLSExtProc)(PRESENTATION RO)))复制代码备库[oracletam admin]$ cat listener.ora# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.SID_LIST_LISTENER (SID_LIST (SID_DESC (SID_NAME PLSExtProc)(ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)(PROGRAM extproc))(SID_DESC (SID_NAME PRIMARY)(ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)(GLOBAL_DBNAME primary)))LISTENER (DESCRIPTION_LIST (DESCRIPTION (ADDRESS (PROTOCOL TCP)(HOST 172.26.29.4)(PORT 1521))(ADDRESS (PROTOCOL IPC)(KEY EXTPROC0))))[oracletam admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.PRIMARY (DESCRIPTION (ADDRESS (PROTOCOL TCP)(HOST 172.26.29.2)(PORT 1521))(CONNECT_DATA (SERVER DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME primary)))复制代码配置完成后尝试从两台服务器以sysdba身份互相访问主库[oraclelocalhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/sysstandby as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:16:26 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.复制代码备库[oracletam admin]$ sqlplus sys/sysprimary as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:15:17 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options复制代码7、启动备库[oracletam dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:19:00 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SYSPRIMARYstartup nomountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytesFixed Size                  2213776 bytesVariable Size             402655344 bytesDatabase Buffers         1191182336 bytesRedo Buffers                7360512 bytesSYSPRIMARYalter database mount standby database;Database altered.SYSPRIMARYalter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;Database altered.复制代码8、验证主库中创建一个表并插入若凡数据后备库中能够同步出这些数据则认为DG实施成功主库[oraclelocalhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:28:14 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSYSPRIMARYcreate table test(id number);Table created.SYSPRIMARYfor i in 1..10 loopSP2-0734: unknown command beginning for i in 1... - rest of line ignored.SYSPRIMARYbegin2  for i in 1..10 loop3  insert into test values(i);4  end loop;5  commit;6  end;7  /PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SYSPRIMARYselect * from test;ID----------1234567891010 rows selected.SYSPRIMARYalter system switch logfile;System altered.SYSPRIMARY/System altered.复制代码备库SYSPRIMARYselect name,database_role from v$database;NAME      DATABASE_ROLE--------- ----------------PRIMARY   PHYSICAL STANDBYSYSPRIMARYselect sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log;SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME   NEXT_TIME---------- ------------ ------------15 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-128 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-1210 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-129 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-1211 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-1213 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-127 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-1214 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-1212 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-1218 21-FEB-12    21-FEB-1220 21-FEB-12    21-FEB-12......SYSPRIMARYalter database recover managed standby database cancel;Database altered.SYSPRIMARYalter database open read only;Database altered.SYSPRIMARYselect * from test;ID----------1234567891010 rows selected.复制代码至此配置完毕总结想要玩好oracle的Data Guard、RAC、Golden Gate等高端软件主要在于细心与耐心。所谓细心就是认真读取文档认真配置各项参数和文件所谓耐心就是出现错误后要认真预读alert log好trace文件找到错误原因即使去网上求助一项一项排除。笔者首次不是DG时确实遇到不少问题就是靠逐步啃日志文件解决的摘自 所好者道也