1.概述

如下代码的任务：自然语言问ai,自动生成sql并回答用户
实现思路：
步骤1. ai会把用户的问题，转为sql
步骤2. 程序执行sql
步骤3.把执行的sql结果，重新给回ai，
步骤4. ai给的回复再次放到prompt中 ，并给ai

2. 代码

from openai import OpenAI
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
import json_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())client = OpenAI()
def print_json(data):"""打印参数。如果参数是有结构的（如字典或列表），则以格式化的 JSON 形式打印；否则，直接打印该值。"""if hasattr(data, 'model_dump_json'):data = json.loads(data.model_dump_json())if (isinstance(data, (list))):for item in data:print_json(item)elif (isinstance(data, (dict))):print(json.dumps(data,indent=4,ensure_ascii=False))else:print(data)#  描述数据库表结构
database_schema_string = """
CREATE TABLE orders (id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, -- 主键，不允许为空customer_id INT NOT NULL, -- 客户ID，不允许为空product_id STR NOT NULL, -- 产品ID，不允许为空price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL, -- 价格，不允许为空status INT NOT NULL, -- 订单状态，整数类型，不允许为空。0代表待支付，1代表已支付，2代表已退款create_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -- 创建时间，默认为当前时间pay_time TIMESTAMP -- 支付时间，可以为空
);
"""def get_sql_completion(messages, model="gpt-4o-mini"):response = client.chat.completions.create(model=model,messages=messages,temperature=0,tools=[{ "type": "function","function": {"name": "ask_database","description": "Use this function to answer user questions about business. \Output should be a fully formed SQL query.","parameters": {"type": "object","properties": {"query": {"type": "string","description": f"""SQL query extracting info to answer the user's question.SQL should be written using this database schema:{database_schema_string}The query should be returned in plain text, not in JSON.The query should only contain grammars supported by SQLite.""",}},"required": ["query"],}}}],)print("get_sql_completion 返回：")print(response)return response.choices[0].messageimport sqlite3# 创建数据库连接
conn = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')
cursor = conn.cursor()# 创建orders表
cursor.execute(database_schema_string)# 插入5条明确的模拟记录
mock_data = [(1, 1001, 'TSHIRT_1', 50.00, 0, '2023-09-12 10:00:00', None),(2, 1001, 'TSHIRT_2', 75.50, 1, '2023-09-16 11:00:00', '2023-08-16 12:00:00'),(3, 1002, 'SHOES_X2', 25.25, 2, '2023-10-17 12:30:00', '2023-08-17 13:00:00'),(4, 1003, 'SHOES_X2', 25.25, 1, '2023-10-17 12:30:00', '2023-08-17 13:00:00'),(5, 1003, 'HAT_Z112', 60.75, 1, '2023-10-20 14:00:00', '2023-08-20 15:00:00'),(6, 1002, 'WATCH_X001', 90.00, 0, '2023-10-28 16:00:00', None)
]for record in mock_data:cursor.execute('''INSERT INTO orders (id, customer_id, product_id, price, status, create_time, pay_time)VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)''', record)# 提交事务
conn.commit()def ask_database(query):cursor.execute(query)records = cursor.fetchall()return records# prompt = "10月的销售额"
# prompt = "统计每月每件商品的销售额"
prompt = "哪个用户消费最高？消费多少？"messages = [{"role": "system", "content": "你是一个数据分析师，基于数据库的数据回答问题"},{"role": "user", "content": prompt}
]
response = get_sql_completion(messages)
if response.content is None:response.content = ""
messages.append(response)
print("====Function Calling====")
print_json(response)if response.tool_calls is not None:tool_call = response.tool_calls[0]if tool_call.function.name == "ask_database":arguments = tool_call.function.argumentsargs = json.loads(arguments)print("====SQL====")print(args["query"])result = ask_database(args["query"])print("====DB Records====")print(result)messages.append({"tool_call_id": tool_call.id,"role": "tool","name": "ask_database","content": str(result)})response = get_sql_completion(messages)messages.append(response)print("====最终回复====")print(response.content)print("=====对话历史=====")
print_json(messages)

3.执行结果

C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\gptLearning\python.exe E:\workspace\gptLearning\gptLearning\les03\Lesson03_callDatabase.py 
get_sql_completion 返回：
ChatCompletion(id='chatcmpl-B930W6VUozMJnUahs6NitrNe7xfpu', choices=[Choice(finish_reason='tool_calls', index=0, logprobs=None, message=ChatCompletionMessage(content=None, refusal=None, role='assistant', audio=None, function_call=None, tool_calls=[ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(id='call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62', function=Function(arguments='{"query":"SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;"}', name='ask_database'), type='function')]))], created=1741496212, model='gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18', object='chat.completion', service_tier='default', system_fingerprint='fp_06737a9306', usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=46, prompt_tokens=255, total_tokens=301, completion_tokens_details=CompletionTokensDetails(accepted_prediction_tokens=0, audio_tokens=0, reasoning_tokens=0, rejected_prediction_tokens=0), prompt_tokens_details=PromptTokensDetails(audio_tokens=0, cached_tokens=0)))
====Function Calling====
{"content": "","refusal": null,"role": "assistant","audio": null,"function_call": null,"tool_calls": [{"id": "call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62","function": {"arguments": "{\"query\":\"SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;\"}","name": "ask_database"},"type": "function"}]
}
====SQL====
SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;
====DB Records====
[(1003, 86.0)]
get_sql_completion 返回：
ChatCompletion(id='chatcmpl-B930YayyGGkd7TjoG9OQ7DdzT3nnE', choices=[Choice(finish_reason='stop', index=0, logprobs=None, message=ChatCompletionMessage(content='消费最高的用户是用户ID为1003，消费总额为86.00。', refusal=None, role='assistant', audio=None, function_call=None, tool_calls=None))], created=1741496214, model='gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18', object='chat.completion', service_tier=None, system_fingerprint='fp_b705f0c291', usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=20, prompt_tokens=317, total_tokens=337, completion_tokens_details=CompletionTokensDetails(accepted_prediction_tokens=0, audio_tokens=0, reasoning_tokens=0, rejected_prediction_tokens=0), prompt_tokens_details=PromptTokensDetails(audio_tokens=0, cached_tokens=0)))
====最终回复====
消费最高的用户是用户ID为1003，消费总额为86.00。
=====对话历史=====
{"role": "system","content": "你是一个数据分析师，基于数据库的数据回答问题"
}
{"role": "user","content": "哪个用户消费最高？消费多少？"
}
{"content": "","refusal": null,"role": "assistant","audio": null,"function_call": null,"tool_calls": [{"id": "call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62","function": {"arguments": "{\"query\":\"SELECT customer_id, SUM(price) AS total_spent FROM orders WHERE status = 1 GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_spent DESC LIMIT 1;\"}","name": "ask_database"},"type": "function"}]
}
{"tool_call_id": "call_5LYqXfDtIhKkQEcHckpbTw62","role": "tool","name": "ask_database","content": "[(1003, 86.0)]"
}
{"content": "消费最高的用户是用户ID为1003，消费总额为86.00。","refusal": null,"role": "assistant","audio": null,"function_call": null,"tool_calls": null
}Process finished with exit code 0