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Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees,helping them to collaborate,share ideas and solve problems.Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes.These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media,even during work hours.
  Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer;more than half of U.S.employers reportedly block access to social media at work.In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided.Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.
  In the first part of the study I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook,Twitter,or LinkedIn.Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors,including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work.I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas.But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization,they are less motivated and show less initiative.
  In the second part of the study I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media.When I examined how respondents expressedopenness to new careers and employers,I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.
  These findings present a dilemma for managers:employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive,but they are also more likely to leave your company.Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.
  They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities.Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover(跳槽) intentions,by recognizing employees’accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.

  对于受雇者而言，社交媒体可以是一种有效的沟通工具，帮助他们互相协作、分享观点和解决问题。 (46)研究表明，82%的雇员认为社交媒体能够改善工作关系，60%的员工认为它能够辅助决策过程。这些观点导致大部分员工运用社交媒体与同事进行沟通，甚至在工作时间也是如此。
  雇主们通常会担心社交媒体会变成生产力杀手；据报道，超过半数的美国雇主会在工作时间禁止使用社交媒体。(47)在对于一家医疗保健机构的277名员工的研究中，我发现这种担心是错误的。社交媒体对于工作效率降低的影响还没有它对员工留存率低的影响大。
  在研究中的第一部分，我调查了雇员为什么以及如何使用诸如脸书、推特或领英等平台。然后向受访者询问他们的工作行为，包括他们在工作中是否有动力，并展现主动性。(48)我发现那些通过社交媒体与同事进行在线社交互动的雇员往往更有动力，并能提出创新想法。但是，当他们与公司之外的个体进行沟通时，他们的积极性和主动性就会降低。
  在研究的第二部分，我发现76%的使用社交媒体工作的员工会对他们在社交媒体上发现的其他公司感兴趣。(49)当我调查这些受访者如何表达对于新职业和新雇主的接受度，我发现他们都曾经参与了诸如搜索新公司或是建立新的工作关系等关键性活动。
  这些发现将管理者们置于两难境地：工作中使用社交媒体的员工会更投入、更高效，但是他们也更有可能离开你的公司。管理者们应该采取一些解决措施以抵消掉社交媒体带来的挽留风险。
  他们可以创建社交媒体群，雇员在其中更有可能进行协作，而不太可能分享离职意向或是讨论外部的工作机会。(50)管理者们也可以运用社交媒体通过认可员工的工作成果并宣传他们的成功故事的方式直接减少员工跳槽的意图。

2022-06-02-46.—推理判断题—难—没关键词—由“82%”推出“Most”

46. What does previous research about social media reveal?【原文：Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees,helping them to collaborate,share ideas and solve problems.Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes.These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media,even during work hours.】
    A. Most employees think positively of it.
    B. It improves employees’work efficiency.
    C. It enables employees to form connections.
    D. Employees spend much of their work time on it.

46. 之前关于社交媒体的研究揭示了什么？
A.大多数员工对此持积极态度。
B.提高员工的工作效率。
C.它使员工能够建立联系。
D.员工花费大量的工作时间在这上面。

46.【定位】由题干中的previous research定位到首段第二、三句。

A 【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，研究表明，82% 的雇员认为社交媒体能够改善工作关系，60%的员工认为它能够辅助决策过程。这些观点导致大部分员工运用社交媒体与同事进行沟通，甚至在工作时间也是如此。定位句中提到了社交媒体给工作带来的各种好处，可以看出员工们对此持积极的态度，故答案选A。

【避错】定位句中提到社交媒体的好处包括：社交媒体能够改善工作关系，能够辅助决策过程，B 是作者下文的研究得出的结论，不是之前的研究发现，故排除。C 是根据第一段第二句中 social media can improve work relationships 和第四段最后一句中making new work connections 设置的干扰，社交媒体与工作关系有关，但只是研究中的部分观点，不足以概括研究的结论，而第四段中的观点是作者研究中提出的，不是之前的研究发现，故排除。文中虽然提到员工们会在工作时间运用社交媒体进行工作沟通，但是表达积极的含义，D 的含义较为消极，故排除。

2022-06-02-47.—推理判断题—难—关键词不认识“retention n. 保持，保留；保存，存放；保持力，持续力；记忆力；（热量的）阻滞，（液体的）潴留；（对物质的）吸收和保持”，同义替换“retention”替换为“loyalty”

47. What did the author’s own research find about social media?【原文：Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer;more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work.In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided.Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.】
    A. It influences employees’work negatively.
    B. It does much harm to employee loyalty.
    C. It kills employees’motivation for work.
    D. It affects employers’decision-making.

47. 关于社交媒体，作者自己的研究发现了什么？
A.对员工的工作有负面影响。
B.这对员工的忠诚度有很大的伤害。
C.它扼杀了员工的工作动力。
D.影响雇主的决策。

47.【定位】由题干中的 the author’s own research定位到第二段第二、三句。

B【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，在对于一家医疗保健机构的277名员工的研究中，“我”发现这种担心是错误的。社交媒体对于工作效率降低的影响还没有它对员工留存率低的影响大。由此可知，社交媒体的使用会导致员工离职率的增加，员工的忠诚度会下降，故答案为B。

【避错】由定位句可知，作者的研究结论显示了社交媒体对工作效率低的影响不及对留存率低的影响，并未提到其对工作、员工的工作动力和员工决策的影响，故排除A、C和 D。

2022-06-02-48.—细节辨认题—难—选项D符合“句子倒装”和“出现多个关键字”两个变形因素，强干扰项

48. What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions?【原文：I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas.But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization,they are less motivated and show less initiative.】
    A. Itdiffers from employee to employee.
    B. It tends to vary with the platform used.
    C. It has much to do with whom employees interact with.
    D. It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders.

48. 作者在他的研究中发现了在线社交互动的什么影响？
A.每个员工都不一样。
B.它往往随所使用的平台而变化。
C.这与员工与谁互动有很大关系。
D.员工与外界的互动很难衡量。

48.【定位】 由题干中的 the effect of online social interactions 定位到第三段第三、四句。

C 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，“我”发现那些 通过社交媒体与同事进行在线社交互动的雇员往 往更有动力，并能提出创新想法。但是，当他们与公司之外的个体进行沟通时，他们的积极性和主动性就会降低。由此可知，作者在研究中发现，员工们在使用社交媒体时，对于不同的沟通对象会呈现出不同的反应，故答案为 C。

【避错】文中没有对员工之间或平台之间进行比较，故排除A 和 B。第三段第四句提到员工与公司外部的个体进行沟通时，积极性和主动性会降低，下文也提到通过社交媒体与外部公司或个人建立联系，可能会导致员工离职，但是没有提到关于员工与外部关系的衡量问题，故排除D。

2022-06-02-49.—细节辨认题—易—定位容易，句子读懂，由“but they are also more likely to leave your company”推出选项B

49. What problem was found with employees using social media for work?【原文：These findings present a dilemma for managers:employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive,but they are also more likely to leave your company.】
    A. They seldom expressed their inner thoughts.
    B. Most of them explored new job opportunities.
    C. They were reluctant to collaborate with others.
    D. Many of them ended with lower productivity.

49. 员工在工作中使用社交媒体有什么问题？
A.他们很少表达自己的内心想法。
B.他们中的大多数人寻找新的工作机会。
C.他们不愿意与他人合作。
D.许多企业的生产率都很低。

49.【定位】由题干中的 using social media for work 定位到第四段第二句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，当“我”调查这 些受访者如何表达对于新职业和新雇主的接受度 时，“我”发现他们都曾经参与了诸如搜索新公司 或是建立新的工作关系等关键性活动。由此可知，在工作中使用社交媒体时，大部分员工都会探索新的工作机会，故答案为B。

【避错】文中没有提到员工是否表达内心想法的问题，故排除A。第一段提到82%的雇员认为社交媒体能够改善工作关系，大部分员工运用社交媒体与同事进行沟通，甚至在工作时间也是如此，没有提到不愿意与他人协作，故排除C。第一段最后一句指出，社交媒体对于工作效率降低的影响还没有它对员工留存率低的影响大，言外之意是对工作效率影响不大，故排除D。

2022-06-02-50.—细节辨认题—难—三个选项有原词复现，需要排除，结果选了一个没有原词复现的，其他三个有原词复现都是陷阱

50. What does the author suggest managers do to neutralize the retention risk?【原文：Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.
      They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities.Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover(跳槽) intentions,by recognizing employees’accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.】
    A. Give promotions to employees for their accomplishments.
    B. Create opportunities for employees to share success stories.
    C. Acknowledge employees’achievements through social media.
    D. Encourage employees to increase their visibility on social media.

50. 作者建议管理者如何消除人才流失风险？
A.根据员工的成就给予晋升。
B.为员工创造分享成功故事的机会。
C.通过社交媒体表彰员工的成就。
D.鼓励员工提高自己在社交媒体上的知名度。

50.【定位】 由题干中的neutralize the retention risk 定位到最后一段最后一句。

C 【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，管理者们也可以运用社交媒体通过认可员工的工作成果并分享他们的成功故事的方式直接减少员工跳槽的意图。由此可知，作者建议管理者可以通过社交媒体认可员工的工作成果来降低离职风险，故答案为 C。

【避错】文中没有提及给员工晋升机会，故排除A。B 是根据定位句中 giving visibility to employees’success stories 设置的干扰项，D 是根据定位句中的个别词汇 visibility 设置的干扰项，文中是指管理者通过社交媒体分享员工的成功故事，而非让员工自己分享成功故事，也没有提到让员工在社交媒体上增加曝光度，故排除B 和 D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  In the coming era of budget cuts to education,distance learning could become the norm.
  The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain,and teachers are expensive to employ. Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously,resulting in greater savings,thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning.But moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living,breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.Physically attending school has hidden benefits:getting up every morning,interacting with peers,and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people.Moreover,schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning.They are now places that provide meals.They are places where students receive counseling and other support.
  Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to "transform"education overnight.But online education does not allow ateacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help.Educational videos may deliver academic content,but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement.Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom.In their first 18 years of life,American children spend only 9%of their time in school.Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens,cultivate their social skills,encourage successful time management,and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market.Given these expectations,schools should not become permanently “remote”.
  The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity ofthe people gathered in the same place,at the same time.Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path,and about young people going through the process together.Technology,no matter how advanced,should simply be a tool of a good teacher.

  (51-1)在即将到来的教育预算削减时代，远程教育可能会成为常态。
  对那些负责教育预算的人来说，把教师换成技术的诱惑是如此强烈，以至于他们忽视了远程学习的缺点。学校设施的建造和维护成本高昂，教师的雇佣成本也很高。(51-2)在线课程不需要教学楼，而且每一节课可同时容纳数百人，从而节省了更多的资金。因此，对那些更关心预算而不是学习的人来说，远程教育的诱惑增加了。但是，从一个有活生生的、会呼吸的人每天教学并与学生互动的传统课堂中脱离出来，将是一场灾难。(52)去学校上课有潜在的好处：每天早上起床、与同龄人互动、和老师建立关系是年轻人需要培养的基本技能。此外，学校应该不仅仅是简单的传统学习机构。它们现在是提供饭食的地方。 它们是学生接受辅导和其他方面帮助的地方。
  这些政策制定者经常被最新的教育技术及其在一夜之间“彻底改变”教育的潜力所吸引。(53)但在线教育无法让老师在课后留下一个学习困难的学生，并提供帮助。教育视频可以传递学术内容，但它们无法与学生进行眼神交流，也无法评估学生的投入程度。远程教育永远无法与传统课堂上的个人教学相匹敌。在美国儿童生命的前18年里，他们只有9%的时间在学校度过。(54)然而，教师被期望将他们培养成负责任的公民，培养他们的社交技能，鼓励他们成功地管理时间，并增强他们在日益严峻的劳动力市场中蓬勃发展的能力。考虑到这些期望，学校不应该变得一直“远程”。
  (55) 课堂的力量根源于在同一地点、同一时间聚集在一起的人们的人性。个人教学是老师向学生展示一条更高远的路径，是年轻人一起经历的过程。技术，无论多么先进，都应该只是一个好老师的工具。

2022-06-02-51.—推理判断题—难—定位难，没有原词复现找答案难

51. What mainly accounts for the possibility that distance learning could become the norm?【原文：In the coming era of budget cuts to education,distance learning could become the norm.
      The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain,and teachers are expensive to employ. Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously,resulting in greater savings,thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning.】
    A. Advances in education technology.
    B. Shrinking financial resources.
    C. Shortage of school facilities.
    D. Lack of qualified teachers.

51. 远程学习可能成为常态的主要原因是什么？
A.教育技术的进步。
B.财政资源萎缩。
C.学校设施不足。
D.缺乏合格的教师。

51.【定位】由题干中的 distance learning could become the norm 定位到第一段。
B【精析】推理判断题。第一段指出，在即将到来的教育预算削减时代，远程教育可能会成为常态。第二段前三句提到，远程学习可以节省建造和维护学校设施的成本以及人力成本，这对负责教育预算的人非常有吸引力。由此可见，远程学习可能成为常态的主要原因是教育预算的削减，即财政资源的缩水，故答案为 B。
【避错】第三段第一句提到，这些政策制定者经常被最新的教育技术及其在一夜之间“彻底改变”教育的潜力所吸引，但并不能由此推出教育技术的进步是远程教育可能成为常态的主要原因，由此可以排除A 。第二段第二句提到，学校设施的建造和维护成本高昂，教师的雇佣成本也很高，但并未提及学校设施不足和缺乏合格的教师，由此可以排除C 和 D。

2022-06-02-52.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“building relationships with teachers”替换为“Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers”

52. What does the author say is one possible benefit of students attending school physically?【原文：Physically attending school has hidden benefits:getting up every morning,interacting with peers,and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people.Moreover,schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning.They are now places that provide meals.They are places where students receive counseling and other support.】
    A. Developing the habit of getting up early.
    B. Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.
    C. Growing into living and breathing human beings.
    D. Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers.

52. 作者认为学生上学的一个可能的好处是什么？
A.养成早起的习惯。
B.饮食营养均衡。
C.成长为活生生的人。
D.培养与同学和老师的关系。

52.【定位】 由题干中的 benefit 和 attending schoolphysically 定位到第二段倒数第四句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，去学校上课有潜在的好处：每天早上起床、与同龄人互动、和老师建立关系，由此可知，去学校上课能培养与同龄人和老师的关系，故答案为 D。

【避错】定位句提到，去学校上课的一个潜在好处 是可以让学生每天早上起床，并不能由此推出去 学校上课可以让学生养成早起的习惯，A 是过度推断，故排除。第二段倒数第二句提到，学校现在是提供饭食的地方，但没有说学生去学校上课可 以吃到营养均衡的食物，B的表述错误，故排除。 第二段第四句提到，在传统课堂中，有活生生的、会呼吸的人每天教学并与学生互动，但不能由此 推出学生去学校上课的好处是可以成长为活生生 的人，故排除C。

2022-06-02-53.—推理判断题—易—由原文多处否定，推出选“disadvantages”

53. What does the author think of the latest technology in education?【原文：Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to “transform” education overnight.But online education does not allow ateacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help.Educational videos may deliver academic content,but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement.Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom.In their first 18 years of life,American children spend only 9%of their time in school.】
    A. It may havepotential disadvantages.
    B. It may render many teachers jobless.
    C. It may add to students’financial burden.
    D. It may revolutionize classroom teaching.

53. 作者对最新的教育技术有什么看法？
A.它可能有潜在的缺点。
B.它可能使许多教师失业。
C.这可能会增加学生的经济负担。
D.它可能会彻底改变课堂教学。

53.【定位】 由题干中的 the latest technology in education定位到第三段。

A 【精析】推理判断题。定位段第二至四句指出，在线教育无法让老师在课后留下一个学习困难的学 生，并提供帮助。教育视频可以传递学术内容，但无法与学生进行眼神交流，也无法评估学生的投入程度，远程教育永远无法与传统课堂上的个人教学相匹敌。由此可见，作者认为最新的教育技术也存在潜在的缺点和不足，故答案为A。

【避错】文中没有提到最新的教育技术会导致许多教师失业的问题，故排除B 。C 是由第二段中的education budgets 和 expensive 设置的干扰，但文中是指整体的教育预算和学校设施的建造和维护成本高昂，没有提到学生个人的经济负担问题，故排除C。 第三段第一句提到，这些政策制定者经常被最新的教育技术及其在一夜之间“彻底改变”教育的潜力所吸引。但文章中的 transform 加了引号，暗示作者并不认为最新的教育技术可以在一夜之间彻底改变教育，故排除 D, 另外，D 的表述与文章的主旨“远程教育技术无论多么先进，都无法取代传统课堂”相悖，也可由此排除。

2022-06-02-54.—推理判断题—想太多反而觉得选项D是错的，因为原词复现第一个单词就是

54. What does the author say teachers are expected to do? 【原文：Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens,cultivate their social skills,encourage successful time management,and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market.】
    A. Enhance students’leadership capacity.
    B. Elevate students to managerial positions.
    C. Enable students to adapt to the changes in life.
    D. Prepare students to be competitive in the future.

54. 作者说老师应该做什么？
A.提高学生的领导能力。
B.提升学生到管理岗位。
C.使学生适应生活的变化。
D.培养学生在未来的竞争力。

54.【定位】由题干中的 teachers are expected to do 定位到第三段倒数第二句。
D 【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，教师被期望将学生培养成负责任的公民，培养他们的社交技能， 鼓励他们成功地管理时间，并增强他们在日益严峻的劳动力市场中蓬勃发展的能力。由此可见， 教师应当培养学生在未来的竞争力，故答案为 D。

【避错】由定位句可知，教师被期望将学生培养成负责任的公民，培养他们的社交技能，鼓励他们成 功地管理时间，并未提到教师应该提高学生的领导能力，也未提及教师要将学生提升到管理职位，A 和 B是对定位句意思的曲解，均可排除。C是根据定位句中的 increasingly harsh 设置的干扰项，干扰性较强，考生容易误选，但要记住阅读理解是根据原文内容的合理推断，文章并未提及让学生适应生活的变化的问题，只是说学生需要为日益严峻的竞争力市场做好准备，故排除C。

2022-06-02-55.—推理判断题—易—原词复现“Humanity”，再按常识推出是“lack缺乏”

55. Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher?【原文：Given these expectations,schools should not become permanently “remote”.
      The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity ofthe people gathered in the same place,at the same time.Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path,and about young people going through the process together.Technology,no matter how advanced,should simply be a tool of a good teacher.】
    A. It lacks humanity.
    B. It is still immature.
    C. It cannot track students’growth.
    D. It cannot cater to personal needs.

55. 为什么科技不能取代一个好老师？
A.它缺乏人性。
B.还不成熟。
C.它不能跟踪学生的成长。
D.它不能满足个人需求。

55.【定位】由题干中的technology 和 a good teacher 定位到最后一段。

A 【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，课堂的力量根源于在同一地点、同一时间聚集在一起的人们的人性。技术无论多么先进，都应该只是一个好老师的工具。由此可见，技术不能取代一个好老师是因为技术缺少人性，A 中的 humanity 对应定位段第一句中的humanity，故答案为A。

【避错】文章没有提及技术还不成熟、无法跟踪学生的成长和满足个人需要的问题，故排除B、C、D 三项。