python学习笔记-mysql数据库操作

现有一个需求，调用高德api获取全国县级以上行政区数据并保存为json文件，使用python获取：

import requests
import json# 高德API Key
api_key = "your_api_key"# 调用行政区域查询API
def fetch_districts():url = f"https://restapi.amap.com/v3/config/district?key={api_key}&subdistrict=3&extensions=base"response = requests.get(url)if response.status_code == 200:return response.json()else:print("请求失败，状态码：", response.status_code)return None# 提取省市县区数据
def extract_regions(districts):regions = []for district in districts:# 提取当前节点if district["level"] in ["province", "city", "district"]:regions.append({"name": district["name"],"level": district["level"],"adcode": district["adcode"],"citycode": district["citycode"],"center": district["center"]})# 递归提取子节点if "districts" in district:regions.extend(extract_regions(district["districts"]))return regions# 保存数据为JSON文件
def save_to_json(data, filename):with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)print(f"数据已保存到 {filename}")# 主函数
def main():# 获取数据data = fetch_districts()if data:# 提取省市县区数据regions = extract_regions(data["districts"])# 保存为JSON文件save_to_json(regions, "regions.json")if __name__ == "__main__":main()

获得的行政区数据结构如下(部分数据)：

[{"name": "河南省","level": "province","adcode": "410000","citycode": [],"center": "113.753094,34.767052"},{"name": "洛阳市","level": "city","adcode": "410300","citycode": "0379","center": "112.453895,34.619702"},{"name": "新安县","level": "district","adcode": "410323","citycode": "0379","center": "112.13246,34.728909"}
]

在mysql中新建一张表，存储这些数据：

CREATE TABLE administrative_regions (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '主键ID',name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '行政区名称',level VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '行政区级别（province/city/district）',adcode VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '行政区编码',citycode VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '城市编码',center VARCHAR(50) COMMENT '行政区中心点坐标',parent_id INT COMMENT '上级行政区ID',first_letter_1 CHAR(1)  COMMENT '行政区名称第1个字的首字母',first_letter_2 CHAR(1)  COMMENT '行政区名称第2个字的首字母',CONSTRAINT fk_parent_id FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES administrative_regions(id)
) COMMENT='全国省市县区数据表';

使用navicat将json数据导入本地数据库，生成表中name,level,adcode,citycode,center的值。

如果想实现按行政区名称第1个字和第2个字拼音首字母返回，可借助python的拼音库为表中first_letter_1和first_letter_2字段赋值，下面说下具体实现步骤：

1.安装pymysql和pypinyin库:

pip install pymysqlpip install pypinyin

2.写一个python脚本，连上mysql数据库，使用pypinyin库获得行政区名称第1个字和第2个字拼音首字母，然后批量修改first_letter_1和first_letter_2字段的值：

import pymysql
from pypinyin import pinyin, Style# 数据库连接配置
db_config = {'host': 'localhost','port': 3306,'user': 'root','password': 'root','database': 'area','charset': 'utf8mb4'
}# 获取汉字的拼音首字母
def get_first_letter(chinese_char):return pinyin(chinese_char, style=Style.FIRST_LETTER)[0][0].upper()
# 连接数据库
connection = pymysql.connect(**db_config)
cursor = connection.cursor()# 查询所有行政区名称
cursor.execute("SELECT id, name FROM administrative_regions")
regions = cursor.fetchall()# 更新 first_letter_1 和 first_letter_2
for region in regions:region_id, name = regionif len(name) >= 1:first_letter_1 = get_first_letter(name[0])else:first_letter_1 = ''if len(name) >= 2:first_letter_2 = get_first_letter(name[1])else:first_letter_2 = ''# 更新数据库cursor.execute("UPDATE administrative_regions SET first_letter_1 = %s, first_letter_2 = %s WHERE id = %s",(first_letter_1, first_letter_2, region_id))# 提交事务并关闭连接
connection.commit()
cursor.close()
connection.close()

更新后的表数据为：

最后，编写sql语句，实现按名称首字母分类返回，本人服务器端程序使用Java开发，下面是示例：

查询语句：

 SELECT name, first_letter_1 FROM administrative_regions  ORDER BY first_letter_1, first_letter_2

service代码：

public Map<String, List<String>> getAreaGroupedByFirstLetter1() {List<AdministrativeRegions> regions = baseMapper.selectAllRegions();Map<String, List<String>> map = regions.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(AdministrativeRegions::getFirstLetter1,Collectors.mapping(AdministrativeRegions::getName, Collectors.toList())));return map;}

最后，得到类似下面的行政区数据：