NEEP-EN2-2020-Text4

英二-2020-Text 4 摘自新闻周刊《Newsweek》2019年6月的文章《Gen Zs are Anxious, Entrepreneurial and Determined to Avoid Their Predecessor’s Mistakes》。
以下为个人解析，非官方公开标准资料，可能有误，仅供参考。（单词解释仅摘出部分词性和意思）

Paragraph 1

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring — the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year — the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.
- 翻译：如今，Z世代在这个春天就要大学毕业 —— 出生于1995年之后，相差不到一年，是对这一代人最普遍接受的定义—— 近几周，对Z世代的关注已经在稳步上升了。
- 解释：
  - member n. 成员
  - generation n. 代，一代人
  - commonly-accepted 广泛地接受的
  - definition n. 定义
  - give or take 加上或减去，是一个俚语，常用于描述某个事件或事物发生的时间范围，强调对某个数值或时间的灵活性和不确定性。
  - attention n. 关注、注意
  - steadily adv. 稳定地，steady adj. 稳定的
Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it’s been in decades.
- 翻译：Z世代们即将走上街头，在一个比几十年来更紧张的劳动力市场中找工作。
- 解释：
  - about adj. 即将（做…）的
  - look for 寻找，找
  - labor market 劳动力市场
  - tighter adj. 比较级：更紧的，更紧身的，原形 tight adj. 紧的
  - decades n. 几十年（复数，原形decade）
And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.
- 翻译：与此同时，根据国家大学和雇主协会的一项调查显示，今年美国雇主们计划比去年多雇佣17%的应届生。
- 解释：
  - employer n. 雇主，雇佣的那个人，而不是被雇佣的人！
  - plan on 计划做…
  - hire v. 雇佣
  - graduate n. 毕业生
  - according to 根据
  - survey n. 调查
  - conducted by 由…执行的
  - national adj. 国家的、全国的
  - association n. 协会
  - college n. 大学
Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.
- 翻译：每人都想要知道将要居住在那些空置的办公小房间的人，和在他们之前来过的人有何不同。
- 解释：
  - inhabit v. 居住在
  - cubicle n. 小房间
  - Everybody wants to know how the people (…) will differ from [those who came before them].

36) Generation Zs graduating college this spring ___.
译：Z世代这个春天大学毕业___。
[A] are recoginized for their abilities
译：正在认识他们的能力
[B] are in favor of office job offers
译：喜欢办公室工作
[C] are optimistic about the labor market
译：对劳动力市场抱乐观积极的态度
[D] are drawing growing public attention
译：越来越受到公众关注(drawing 吸引，growing 成长的、增长的)

Paragraph 2

If “entitled” is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.
- 翻译：如果"有资格的"（自以为有权利的）是最普遍的形容词，不论公正与否，用来形容千禧一代（那些出身于1981到1995年的人），那么形容Z世代的流行语就是现实且谨慎的。
- 解释：
  - entitled adj. 有资格的
  - fairly adv. 相当地、公正地
  - apply v. 应用，申请
  - millennials n. 千禧一代，millennial adj. 千禧的、千福年的，这个词超纲了，所以后面用括号补充了其解释，这种情况大概率与出题有关。
  - catchwords n. 流行语
  - practical adj. 实际的、现实的
  - cautious adj. 小心的、谨慎的
  - 这句话传达了对不同年代人群个性特点的对比。千禧一代被看作是自以为有权利的，而Z世代被认为更加实际和谨慎。这是一种对两个不同年代人群的主观描述，并不适用于每个人。
According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are cleareyed, economic pragmatists.
- 翻译：据研究他们的职业生涯顾问和专家反馈，Z世代不仅眼睛雪亮，而且是经济务实主义者。
- 解释：
  - career n. 职业生涯
  - counselor n. 顾问。原形 counsel v. 建议、提供咨询；n. 忠告、建议、法顾、律师。
  - expert n. 专家
  - cleareyed adj. 清醒的眼睛
  - economic adj. 经济的、经济学的、经济上的
  - pragmatist n. 实用主义者，pragmatic adj. 实用的、务实的
Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.
- 翻译：尽管毕业于50年来最好的经济时代，Z世代也知道经济危机是什么样。
- 解释：
  - despite prep. 尽管
  - economic adj. 经济的
  - train n. 列车、火车
  - wreck n. 沉船、失事、破坏
They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.
- 翻译：他们在2008年的经济崩溃期间还是易受影响的孩子，当时他们的父母中有许多人失去了工作，或者失去了他们的积蓄，或者两者皆有。
- 解释：
  - impressionable adj. 易受影响的，impress n./v. 印象/留下印象，impression n. 印象，impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
  - crash n. 破裂
  - life savings 毕生积蓄、存款
They aren’t interested in taking any chances.
- 翻译：他们对冒险不感兴趣。
- 解释：
  - chance n. 机会、风险、冒险
The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt.
- 翻译：激增的经济看上去并不能缓解这一代人潜在的焦虑紧迫感，尤其是那些有大学贷款的人。
- 解释：
  - booming adj. 激增的
  - assuage v. 缓和
  - anxious adj. 焦虑的
  - urgency n. 紧迫性
  - debt n. 债务
College loan balances in the U,S. now stand at a record $ 1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.
- 翻译：根据美联储的数据，现在美国的大学贷款余额维持在1.5万亿的记录。
- 解释：
  - loan n. 贷款
  - balance n. 余额
  - the Federal Reserve 美联储，federal adj. 联邦的，reserve n. 储备金

37) Generation Zs are keenly aware ___.
译：Z世代敏锐地意识到？
[A] what a tough economic situation is like
译：经济形势有多严峻
[B] what their parents expect of them
译：父母对他们的期望
[C] how they differ from past generations
译：他们与过去几代人有多么的不同
[D] how valuable a counselor’s advice is
译：顾问的建议多么有价值

38) The word “assuage”(Para.2) is closest in meaning to ___.
译：第二段的单词 assuage 的意思与哪项最接近？
[A] define 定义
[B] relieve 减轻、缓解
[C] maintain 保持、维持
[D] deepen 加深、深化

Paragraph 3

One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.
- 翻译：来自Accenture公司的一项调查发现，今年88%的毕业生倾向于选择与他们的专业相符的工作。
- 解释：
  - survey n. 调查
  - percent n. 百分
  - senior n. 高级的，毕业班学生
  - major n. 专业，主修课；v. 主修、专攻；adj. 主要的、主修的
  - in mind 在心里、在想法中
In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment ( followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose).
- 翻译：与此同时，一份来自佐治亚州大学生的调查，职业生涯办发现（学生们）对未来雇主最向往的特质是提供安全就业的能力（其次是专业发展和培训，然后是令人振幅的目标）。
- 解释：
  - meanwhile adv. 同时、与此同时
  - career n. 职业生涯
  - office n. 办公室
  - desirable adj. 可取的、向往的
  - trait n. 特质、个人个性的特征
  - in a future employer 在未来的雇主身上
  - offer v. 提供
  - secure adj. 安全的、可靠的、牢靠的
  - employment n. 工作、就业、就业率
  - followed by 其次
  - professional adj. 专业的、职业的
  - development n. 发展、开发
  - training n. 训练、培训、锻炼
  - inspiring adj. 令人激动的、鼓舞人心的，inspire v. 激励、鼓舞
  - purpose n. 目的、企图、目标
Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.
- 翻译：工作岗位的安全或稳定是第二重要的职业目标（工作与生活的平衡排在首位），其次是对事业的专注感或者提供更多利益的良好感受。
- 解释：
  - security n. 安全、牢靠、安全性
  - stability n. 稳定、稳定性
  - career n. 职业、职业生涯
  - goal n. 目标
  - dedicated adj. 专注的
  - followed by 然后、其次
  - serve v. 服务、提供、接待

39) It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs ___.
译：从第三段可以知道Z世代们？
[A] care little about their job performance
译：不怎么关系他们的工作表现
[B] give top priority to professional training
译：对于专业培训给了最高的优先级
[C] think it hard to achieve work-life balance
译：认为很难取得工作生活平衡
[D] have a clear idea about their future jobs
译：有对他们未来的工作有一个清晰的主意

Paragraph 4

That’s a big change from the previous generation.
- 翻译：相较于上一代人，那是一个巨大的改变。
- 解释：
  - previous adj. 前面的
“Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,” notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth.
- 翻译：“千禧一代在生活中需要更多的弹性”，Tanya Michelsen（YouthSight的副总监，这是一家总部位于英国的品牌经理，定期对英国青年进行为期60天的调查），这些发现可能同样适用于美国青年。
- 解释：
  - millennial n. 千禧一代
  - flexibility n. 灵活性、弹性
  - associate adj. 联合的、准的、副的、非正式的
  - director n. 主任、董事、经理、负责人
  - brand n. 品牌
  - manager n. 经理
"Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy.
- 翻译："Z世代寻找更多的确定性和稳定性，因为零工经济的不断增长。
- 解释：
  - certainty n. 确定性，certain adj. 确定的
  - stability n. 稳定性，stable adj. 稳定的
  - the gig economy 零工经济
They have troubles seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse."
- 翻译：他们看不到财务上的未来，而且他们相当厌恶风险。"
- 解释：
  - trouble n. 困难
  - financial adj. 财务的
  - future n. 未来
  - quite adv. 相当、十分
  - averse adj. 厌恶

40) Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are ___.
译：Michelsen 认为与千禧代相比，Z世代怎么样？
[A] less realistic
译：不切实际
[B] less adventurous
译：缺乏冒险精神
[C] more diligent
译：更加刻苦
[D] more generous
译：更加慷慨