09-国土TXT格式

国土TXT格式

概述

国土TXT格式是中国自然资源部门使用的地块坐标文本格式，主要用于土地调查、不动产登记等业务场景。理解并正确处理该格式是从事国土相关GIS开发的必备技能。

文件格式

基本结构

国土TXT文件由多个部分组成：

[扩展信息]（可选）
...[属性描述]
格式版本号=
数据产生单位=自然资源部
数据产生日期=2024-01-01
坐标系=2000国家大地坐标系
几度分带=3
投影类型=高斯克吕格
计量单位=米
带号=38
精度=0.01
转换参数=0,0,0,0,0,0,0[地块坐标]
13,1234.56,地块001,土地名称,面,图幅号,住宅用地,0101,,1,B,C,备注,@
J1,1,3456789.12,123456.78
J2,1,3456790.12,123457.78
...
13,1234.56,地块002,土地名称,面,...,@
...

属性描述说明

字段	说明	示例
格式版本号	文件格式版本	空或版本号
数据产生单位	数据生产单位名称	自然资源部
数据产生日期	数据生产日期	2024-01-01
坐标系	使用的坐标系	2000国家大地坐标系
几度分带	3度或6度分带	3
投影类型	投影方式	高斯克吕格
计量单位	坐标单位	米
带号	投影带号	38
精度	坐标精度	0.01
转换参数	七参数转换值	0,0,0,0,0,0,0

地块数据结构

地块数据行格式：属性值1,属性值2,...,@

默认字段顺序：

1. JZDS - 界址点数
2. DKMJ - 地块面积（公顷）
3. DKBH - 地块编号
4. DKMC - 地块名称
5. JLTXSX - 记录图形属性（面/线/点）
6. TFH - 图幅号
7. DKYT - 地块用途
8. DLBM - 地类编码
9. TBLX - 图斑类型
10. DL - 地类
11. GZQ - 改造前质量等别
12. GZH - 改造后质量等别
13. BZ - 备注

坐标点格式

点号,圈号,Y坐标,X坐标

• 点号：点的序号，J1、J2或1、2等
• 圈号：环的序号，1为外环，2及以上为内环（岛洞）
• Y坐标：北方向坐标（通常是大数）
• X坐标：东方向坐标（带号+坐标值）

注意：国土TXT中Y/X与常见GIS坐标系的X/Y是反的！

数据模型

TxtLayer

/*** TXT图层*/
@Data
public class TxtLayer implements Serializable {private String name;          // 图层名称private String gsbbh;         // 格式版本号private String sjscdw;        // 数据产生单位private String sjscrq;        // 数据产生日期private String zbx;           // 坐标系private String jdfd;          // 几度分带private String tylx;          // 投影类型private String jldw;          // 计量单位private String dh;            // 带号private String jd;            // 精度private String zhcs;          // 转换参数private List<TxtExtInfo> exts;      // 扩展信息private List<TxtFeature> features;  // 要素列表
}

TxtFeature

/*** TXT要素*/
@Data
public class TxtFeature implements Serializable {private List<String> values;              // 属性值列表private List<TxtCoordinate> coordinates;  // 坐标点列表
}

TxtCoordinate

/*** TXT坐标点*/
@Data
public class TxtCoordinate implements Serializable {private String dh;    // 点号private Integer qh;   // 圈号private Double y;     // Y坐标private Double x;     // X坐标
}

文件读取

解析TXT文件

/*** 加载TXT图层*/
public static TxtLayer loadTxt(String txtPath) {File file = new java.io.File(txtPath);Charset encoding = EncodingUtil.getFileEncoding(file);// 读取并清理空行List<String> txtLines = new ArrayList<>();for (String line : FileUtil.readLines(file, encoding)) {String trim = line.trim();if (CharSequenceUtil.isBlank(trim)) continue;// 处理BOM头if (trim.startsWith("\uFEFF")) {trim = trim.substring(1);}txtLines.add(trim);}// 检查必要部分if (txtLines.stream().noneMatch("[属性描述]"::equals)) {throw new RuntimeException("缺少[属性描述]");}if (txtLines.stream().noneMatch("[地块坐标]"::equals)) {throw new RuntimeException("缺少[地块坐标]");}// 按模块分组LinkedHashMap<String, List<String>> txtMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();String currKey = null;for (String txtLine : txtLines) {if (txtLine.startsWith("[") && txtLine.endsWith("]")) {currKey = txtLine;txtMap.put(txtLine, new ArrayList<>());} else {txtMap.get(currKey).add(txtLine);}}// 解析各模块TxtLayer txtLayer = new TxtLayer();txtLayer.setName(FileUtil.getName(txtPath));parseAttributeDescription(txtLayer, txtMap.get("[属性描述]"));parseCoordinates(txtLayer, txtMap.get("[地块坐标]"));parseExtInfo(txtLayer, txtMap);return txtLayer;
}

解析属性描述

private static void parseAttributeDescription(TxtLayer txtLayer, List<String> lines) {for (String line : lines) {String[] split = line.split("=");if (split.length == 0 || split.length > 2) {throw new RuntimeException("txt文件格式不正确");}String key = split[0].trim();String value = split.length == 2 ? split[1].trim() : null;switch (key) {case "格式版本号": txtLayer.setGsbbh(value); break;case "数据产生单位": txtLayer.setSjscdw(value); break;case "数据产生日期": txtLayer.setSjscrq(value); break;case "坐标系": txtLayer.setZbx(value); break;case "几度分带": txtLayer.setJdfd(value); break;case "投影类型": txtLayer.setTylx(value); break;case "计量单位": txtLayer.setJldw(value); break;case "带号": txtLayer.setDh(value); break;case "精度": txtLayer.setJd(value); break;case "转换参数": txtLayer.setZhcs(value); break;default:throw new RuntimeException("txt文件格式不正确，未知字段：" + key);}}
}

解析坐标数据

private static void parseCoordinates(TxtLayer txtLayer, List<String> lines) {List<TxtFeature> features = new ArrayList<>();// 按地块分组（以@结尾的行是地块属性行）LinkedHashMap<String, List<String>> zbMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();String currZbKey = null;for (String line : lines) {if (line.endsWith("@")) {currZbKey = line;zbMap.put(currZbKey, new ArrayList<>());} else {zbMap.get(currZbKey).add(line);}}// 解析每个地块zbMap.forEach((zbKey, zbLines) -> {TxtFeature txtFeature = new TxtFeature();// 解析属性值List<String> fields = CharSequenceUtil.split(zbKey, ",");List<String> values = fields.subList(0, fields.size() - 1);txtFeature.setValues(values);// 解析坐标点List<TxtCoordinate> coordinates = new ArrayList<>();zbLines.forEach(zbLine -> {List<String> zbLineList = new ArrayList<>(CharSequenceUtil.split(zbLine, ","));if (zbLineList.size() != 4) {throw new RuntimeException("txt坐标点格式不正确：" + zbLine);}TxtCoordinate txtCoordinate = new TxtCoordinate();txtCoordinate.setDh(zbLineList.get(0));txtCoordinate.setQh(NumberUtil.parseInt(zbLineList.get(1)));txtCoordinate.setY(NumberUtil.parseDouble(zbLineList.get(2)));txtCoordinate.setX(NumberUtil.parseDouble(zbLineList.get(3)));coordinates.add(txtCoordinate);});txtFeature.setCoordinates(coordinates);features.add(txtFeature);});txtLayer.setFeatures(features);
}

TXT转WktLayer

/*** TxtLayer转WktLayer*/
public static WktLayer parseTxtLayerToWktLayer(TxtLayer txtLayer, List<WktField> wktFields) {// 默认字段定义if (wktFields == null) {wktFields = getDefaultFields();}WktLayer wktLayer = new WktLayer();wktLayer.setYwName("TXT");wktLayer.setZwName(txtLayer.getName());// 根据带号确定坐标系int wkid = 4488 + NumberUtil.parseInt(txtLayer.getDh());wktLayer.setWkid(wkid);wktLayer.setTolerance(CrsUtil.getTolerance(wkid));wktLayer.setGeometryType(GeometryType.MULTIPOLYGON);wktLayer.setFields(wktFields);// 转换要素List<WktFeature> wktFeatures = new ArrayList<>();for (TxtFeature txtFeature : txtLayer.getFeatures()) {WktFeature wktFeature = convertFeature(txtFeature, wktFields, wkid);wktFeatures.add(wktFeature);}wktLayer.setFeatures(wktFeatures);wktLayer.check();return wktLayer;
}/*** 转换单个要素*/
private static WktFeature convertFeature(TxtFeature txtFeature, List<WktField> wktFields, int wkid) {// 按圈号分组坐标点LinkedHashMap<Integer, List<Coordinate>> coordinateMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();for (TxtCoordinate zb : txtFeature.getCoordinates()) {int qh = zb.getQh();List<Coordinate> coordinates = coordinateMap.computeIfAbsent(qh, k -> new ArrayList<>());// 注意：TXT中Y是北方向，X是东方向// JTS中X是东方向，Y是北方向coordinates.add(new Coordinate(zb.getX(), zb.getY()));}// 构建多边形GeometryFactory factory = new GeometryFactory(new PrecisionModel(PrecisionModel.FLOATING));LinearRing shell = null;LinearRing[] holes = null;if (coordinateMap.size() > 1) {holes = new LinearRing[coordinateMap.size() - 1];}int index = 0;for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<Coordinate>> entry : coordinateMap.entrySet()) {List<Coordinate> coordinates = entry.getValue();// 确保闭合if (!coordinates.get(0).equals2D(coordinates.get(coordinates.size() - 1))) {coordinates.add(coordinates.get(0));}LinearRing ring = factory.createLinearRing(ArrayUtil.toArray(coordinates, Coordinate.class));if (index == 0) {shell = ring;} else if (holes != null) {holes[index - 1] = ring;}index++;}Polygon polygon = factory.createPolygon(shell, holes);// 设置属性List<WktFieldValue> wktFieldValues = new ArrayList<>();for (int i = 0; i < txtFeature.getValues().size() && i < wktFields.size(); i++) {WktFieldValue fv = new WktFieldValue();fv.setField(wktFields.get(i));fv.setValue(txtFeature.getValues().get(i));wktFieldValues.add(fv);}WktFeature wktFeature = new WktFeature();wktFeature.setFieldValues(wktFieldValues);wktFeature.setWfId(IdUtil.simpleUUID());wktFeature.setWkt(ESRIGeometryUtil.simplify(polygon.toText(), wkid));return wktFeature;
}

WktLayer转TXT

/*** WktLayer转TxtLayer*/
public static TxtLayer parseWktLayerToTxtLayer(WktLayer wktLayer, TxtLayer msAndExtInfo, List<String> fieldNames, Integer dh) {TxtLayer txtLayer = new TxtLayer();txtLayer.setName(wktLayer.getZwName() != null ? wktLayer.getZwName() : wktLayer.getYwName());// 设置属性描述（从模板或默认值）txtLayer.setGsbbh(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getGsbbh, ""));txtLayer.setSjscdw(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getSjscdw, "自然资源部"));txtLayer.setSjscrq(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getSjscrq, DatePattern.NORM_DATE_FORMAT.format(DateUtil.date())));txtLayer.setZbx(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getZbx, "2000国家大地坐标系"));txtLayer.setJdfd(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getJdfd, "3"));txtLayer.setTylx(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getTylx, "高斯克吕格"));txtLayer.setJldw(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getJldw, "米"));txtLayer.setJd(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getJd, "0.01"));txtLayer.setZhcs(getOrDefault(msAndExtInfo, TxtLayer::getZhcs, "0,0,0,0,0,0,0"));// 默认字段if (fieldNames == null || fieldNames.isEmpty()) {fieldNames = getDefaultFieldNames();}// 确定坐标系Integer wkid = null;if (dh != null) {wkid = CrsUtil.getProjectedWkid(dh);}// 转换要素List<TxtFeature> txtFeatures = new ArrayList<>();for (WktFeature wktFeature : wktLayer.getFeatures()) {TxtFeature txtFeature = convertToTxtFeature(wktFeature, wktLayer, fieldNames, wkid);txtFeatures.add(txtFeature);// 更新带号if (dh == null) {dh = CrsUtil.getDh(GeometryConverter.wkt2Geometry(wktFeature.getWkt()));wkid = CrsUtil.getProjectedWkid(dh);}}txtLayer.setFeatures(txtFeatures);txtLayer.setDh(String.valueOf(dh));return txtLayer;
}

文件写入

/*** 保存TXT图层*/
public static void saveTxt(TxtLayer txtLayer, String txtPath) {List<String> txtLines = new ArrayList<>();// 写入扩展信息if (txtLayer.getExts() != null && !txtLayer.getExts().isEmpty()) {for (TxtExtInfo extInfo : txtLayer.getExts()) {txtLines.add("[" + extInfo.getName() + "]");for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : extInfo.getFields().entrySet()) {txtLines.add(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());}}}// 写入属性描述txtLines.add("[属性描述]");txtLines.add("格式版本号=" + txtLayer.getGsbbh());txtLines.add("数据产生单位=" + txtLayer.getSjscdw());txtLines.add("数据产生日期=" + txtLayer.getSjscrq());txtLines.add("坐标系=" + txtLayer.getZbx());txtLines.add("几度分带=" + txtLayer.getJdfd());txtLines.add("投影类型=" + txtLayer.getTylx());txtLines.add("计量单位=" + txtLayer.getJldw());txtLines.add("带号=" + txtLayer.getDh());txtLines.add("精度=" + txtLayer.getJd());txtLines.add("转换参数=" + txtLayer.getZhcs());// 写入地块坐标txtLines.add("[地块坐标]");for (TxtFeature txtFeature : txtLayer.getFeatures()) {// 属性行txtLines.add(CharSequenceUtil.join(",", txtFeature.getValues()) + ",@");// 坐标点for (TxtCoordinate coord : txtFeature.getCoordinates()) {txtLines.add(CharSequenceUtil.join(",", coord.getDh(), coord.getQh(),NumUtil.getPlainString(coord.getY()),NumUtil.getPlainString(coord.getX())));}}FileUtil.writeLines(txtLines, txtPath, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}

实践案例

案例1：TXT转Shapefile

/*** 国土TXT转Shapefile*/
public void txt2Shp(String txtPath, String shpPath) {// 读取TXTTxtLayer txtLayer = TxtLayerUtil.loadTxt(txtPath);// 转换为WktLayerWktLayer wktLayer = TxtLayerUtil.parseTxtLayerToWktLayer(txtLayer, null);// 写入ShapefileWktLayerConverter.toShapefile(wktLayer, shpPath, GisEngineType.GEOTOOLS);
}

案例2：Shapefile转TXT

/*** Shapefile转国土TXT*/
public void shp2Txt(String shpPath, String txtPath, Integer targetDh) {// 读取ShapefileWktLayer wktLayer = WktLayerConverter.fromShapefile(shpPath, null, null, GisEngineType.GEOTOOLS);// 转换为TxtLayerTxtLayer txtLayer = TxtLayerUtil.parseWktLayerToTxtLayer(wktLayer, null, null, targetDh);// 保存TXTTxtLayerUtil.saveTxt(txtLayer, txtPath);
}

案例3：批量转换

/*** 批量TXT转Shapefile*/
public void batchConvert(String inputDir, String outputDir) {File dir = new File(inputDir);File[] txtFiles = dir.listFiles((d, name) -> name.toLowerCase().endsWith(".txt"));if (txtFiles == null) return;for (File txtFile : txtFiles) {try {String shpName = FileUtil.mainName(txtFile) + ".shp";String shpPath = outputDir + File.separator + shpName;txt2Shp(txtFile.getAbsolutePath(), shpPath);System.out.println("转换成功: " + txtFile.getName());} catch (Exception e) {System.err.println("转换失败: " + txtFile.getName() + " - " + e.getMessage());}}
}

案例4：TXT数据验证

/*** 验证TXT数据*/
public List<String> validateTxt(String txtPath) {List<String> errors = new ArrayList<>();try {TxtLayer txtLayer = TxtLayerUtil.loadTxt(txtPath);WktLayer wktLayer = TxtLayerUtil.parseTxtLayerToWktLayer(txtLayer, null);for (WktFeature feature : wktLayer.getFeatures()) {Geometry geom = GeometryConverter.wkt2Geometry(feature.getWkt());// 检查几何有效性if (!geom.isValid()) {errors.add("地块 " + feature.getWfId() + " 几何无效");}// 检查面积double area = geom.getArea();if (area <= 0) {errors.add("地块 " + feature.getWfId() + " 面积为0或负数");}}} catch (Exception e) {errors.add("文件解析错误: " + e.getMessage());}return errors;
}

案例5：坐标系转换

/*** TXT坐标系转换*/
public void transformTxt(String inputPath, String outputPath, Integer sourceDh, Integer targetDh) {// 读取并转换为WktLayerTxtLayer txtLayer = TxtLayerUtil.loadTxt(inputPath);WktLayer wktLayer = TxtLayerUtil.parseTxtLayerToWktLayer(txtLayer, null);// 坐标转换int targetWkid = CrsUtil.getProjectedWkid(targetDh);wktLayer = CrsUtil.reproject(wktLayer, targetWkid);// 转回TXT格式TxtLayer newTxtLayer = TxtLayerUtil.parseWktLayerToTxtLayer(wktLayer, txtLayer, null, targetDh);// 保存TxtLayerUtil.saveTxt(newTxtLayer, outputPath);
}

常见问题

1. 坐标顺序问题

问题：TXT中Y是北方向，X是东方向，与常见GIS软件相反

解决：转换时注意坐标对应关系

// TXT → JTS
new Coordinate(txtCoord.getX(), txtCoord.getY())  // X是东，Y是北// JTS → TXT  
txtCoord.setX(coordinate.getX());  // 东方向
txtCoord.setY(coordinate.getY());  // 北方向

2. 内环方向

问题：多边形内环（岛洞）方向错误导致几何无效

解决：确保外环逆时针，内环顺时针，或使用几何修复

3. 编码问题

问题：中文乱码

解决：自动检测文件编码，输出使用UTF-8

4. 精度损失

问题：坐标精度在转换过程中损失

解决：使用足够的小数位数（建议保留2-3位）

小结

本章介绍了国土TXT格式的核心内容：

1. 文件结构：属性描述、扩展信息、地块坐标三个部分
2. 数据模型：TxtLayer、TxtFeature、TxtCoordinate
3. 格式转换：TXT与WktLayer互转
4. 读写操作：解析和生成TXT文件
5. 实践案例：格式转换、数据验证、坐标转换

下一章将介绍不同数据格式之间的转换方法总结。