汉字识别

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import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random
import os
from torchvision import transforms
import matplotlib# 确保中文显示正常（只保留Windows系统默认存在的字体）
plt.rcParams["font.family"] = ["SimHei", "Microsoft YaHei"]  # 这两种字体Windows系统默认必装
matplotlib.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False  # 解决负号显示问题# 1. 生成中文数据集
class ChineseCharacterDataset(Dataset):def __init__(self, num_samples=10000, img_size=(64, 64), transform=None):"""生成模拟手写中文字符数据集"""self.num_samples = num_samplesself.img_size = img_sizeself.transform = transform# 选择常用中文字符（可扩展）self.chars = "一二三四五六七八九十甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸金木水火土天地日月"self.classes = list(self.chars)self.num_classes = len(self.classes)self.char_to_idx = {char: i for i, char in enumerate(self.classes)}# 生成数据集self.images, self.labels = self._generate_data()def _generate_data(self):"""生成模拟手写中文字符图像"""images = []labels = []# 尝试加载中文字体，若失败则使用默认字体try:# 直接使用系统字体目录中的黑体font = ImageFont.truetype("C:/Windows/Fonts/simhei.ttf", 40)  # 明确指定系统黑体路径except:try:# 尝试系统宋体font = ImageFont.truetype("C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc", 40)except:font = ImageFont.load_default()print("警告：未找到中文字体，使用默认字体可能导致显示异常")for _ in range(self.num_samples):# 随机选择一个字符char = random.choice(self.classes)label = self.char_to_idx[char]# 创建空白图像img = Image.new('L', self.img_size, color=255)  # 白色背景draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)# 计算文字位置（居中）- 兼容新版本PILbbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), char, font=font)char_width = bbox[2] - bbox[0]  # 宽度char_height = bbox[3] - bbox[1]  # 高度x = (self.img_size[0] - char_width) // 2y = (self.img_size[1] - char_height) // 2# 添加随机扰动，模拟手写效果x += random.randint(-5, 5)y += random.randint(-5, 5)# 绘制文字（黑色）draw.text((x, y), char, font=font, fill=0)# 添加随机噪声if random.random() > 0.5:img = self._add_noise(img)# 添加随机旋转if random.random() > 0.5:angle = random.randint(-10, 10)img = img.rotate(angle, expand=False, fillcolor=255)images.append(img)labels.append(label)return images, labelsdef _add_noise(self, img):"""为图像添加随机噪声"""img_np = np.array(img)noise = np.random.randint(-20, 20, size=img_np.shape)img_np = np.clip(img_np + noise, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)return Image.fromarray(img_np)def __len__(self):return self.num_samplesdef __getitem__(self, idx):img = self.images[idx]label = self.labels[idx]if self.transform:img = self.transform(img)return img, label# 2. 数据预处理与加载
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(),  # 转为张量transforms.Normalize((0.5,), (0.5,))  # 归一化到 [-1, 1]
])# 创建数据集
train_dataset = ChineseCharacterDataset(num_samples=8000,img_size=(64, 64),transform=transform
)
test_dataset = ChineseCharacterDataset(num_samples=2000,img_size=(64, 64),transform=transform
)# 创建数据加载器
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False)# 3. 定义适用于中文字符识别的CNN模型
class ChineseCNN(nn.Module):def __init__(self, num_classes):super(ChineseCNN, self).__init__()# 卷积层：输入为1通道（灰度图）self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)# 池化层self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)# 全连接层：64x64图像经过3次池化后变为8x8self.fc1 = nn.Linear(128 * 8 * 8, 512)self.fc2 = nn.Linear(512, 256)self.fc3 = nn.Linear(256, num_classes)# Dropout防止过拟合self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5)def forward(self, x):# 卷积 -> ReLU -> 池化x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv3(x)))# 展平特征图x = x.view(-1, 128 * 8 * 8)# 全连接层 -> ReLU -> Dropoutx = F.relu(self.fc1(x))x = self.dropout(x)x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))x = self.dropout(x)# 输出层x = self.fc3(x)return x# 创建模型实例
num_classes = train_dataset.num_classes
model = ChineseCNN(num_classes)# 4. 定义损失函数与优化器
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)# 5. 模型训练
num_epochs = 15
model.train()for epoch in range(num_epochs):total_loss = 0correct = 0total = 0for images, labels in train_loader:# 前向传播outputs = model(images)loss = criterion(outputs, labels)# 反向传播和优化optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()total_loss += loss.item()# 计算训练准确率_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)total += labels.size(0)correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()train_accuracy = 100 * correct / totalavg_loss = total_loss / len(train_loader)print(f"Epoch [{epoch + 1}/{num_epochs}], 损失: {avg_loss:.4f}, 训练准确率: {train_accuracy:.2f}%")# 6. 模型测试
model.eval()
correct = 0
total = 0with torch.no_grad():for images, labels in test_loader:outputs = model(images)_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)total += labels.size(0)correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()test_accuracy = 100 * correct / total
print(f"测试准确率: {test_accuracy:.2f}%")# 7. 可视化测试结果
dataiter = iter(test_loader)
images, labels = next(dataiter)
outputs = model(images)
_, predictions = torch.max(outputs, 1)# 获取类别名称
classes = train_dataset.classes# 显示6个样本
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 6, figsize=(15, 3))
for i in range(6):# 反归一化显示图像img = images[i].numpy().squeeze()img = (img * 0.5) + 0.5  # 还原从[-1,1]到[0,1]axes[i].imshow(img, cmap='gray')true_char = classes[labels[i]]pred_char = classes[predictions[i]]axes[i].set_title(f"真实: {true_char}\n预测: {pred_char}")axes[i].axis('off')plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()