不放回抽样_生成不重样菜单

任务背景：
某餐馆有猪肉菜、牛羊肉、家禽、鱼类等菜品分类，想制作每天中晚餐不重复菜单，要求每顿菜品由猪+其他组成，且最好不要连续都是猪肉的皮排骨、烧肉系列，要间隔开。

from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
import random
from collections import dequedef generate_non_repeating_meals(total_days=56):"""菜单生成器"""pork_categories = {'pork_1': ["红烧肉", "萝卜烧肉", "豆泡烧肉", "海带烧肉", "鹌鹑蛋烧肉","莲藕烧肉", "毛芋仔烧肉", "香菇烧肉", "虎皮蛋烧肉", "干豆条烧肉","板栗烧肉", "咸鱼烧肉", "鱼蛋烧肉", "鹿茸菇烧肉", "梅干菜烧肉", "鲍鱼烧肉"],'pork_2': ["粉蒸排骨", "糯米排骨", "萝卜烧排骨", "鹌鹑蛋烧排骨", "莲藕烧排骨","香芋蒸排骨", "糖醋排骨", "红烧大排", "荔浦芋头烧排", "土豆焖排骨", "豉香排骨"],'pork_3': ["红烧猪脚", "梅菜猪脚", "黄豆猪脚"],'pork_4': ["米粉蒸肉", "红烧狮子头", "盐菜扣肉", "太阳蛋"]}other_categories = {'beef': ['红烧牛杂', '红烧牛腩', '牛腩烧萝卜', '牛腩腐竹', '回锅牛肉','杭椒牛柳', '黑椒牛仔骨', '牛腩烧牛肚', '牛腩烧牛筋', '羊肉烧红萝卜','红烧羊肉', '葱爆牛肉', '孜然羊排'],'poultry': ['香辣鸭三件', '辣子鸡', '红烧鸡', '香菇烧鸡', '白切鸡','香酥鸭', '虎皮凤爪', '鹌鹑蛋凤爪', '啤酒鸭', '红烧鸭','香菇烧鸣', '烤鸭', '板鸭炖豆腐', '板鸭烧萝卜', '红烧鸡腿','可乐鸡中翅', '香辣卤鸡腿', '糯米蒸鸡', '莲花血鸭', '仔姜烧鹅','大盘鸡'],'fish': ['红烧鱼块', '南昌小炒鱼', '红烧鲫鱼', '红烧带鱼', '酒糟鱼','酸菜鱼丸', '白灼基围虾', '深海鱼尾', '小黄鱼', '酸菜鱼','鲇鱼烧豆腐', '香酥椒盐虾', '蒜蓉基围虾']}# 初始化状态last_used = {cat: deque(maxlen=3) for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']}used_dishes = {cat: set() for cat in pork_categories}used_other_dishes = {cat: set() for cat in other_categories}# 记录各类别的使用次数usage_count = {cat: 0 for cat in pork_categories}# 总餐数total_meals = total_days * 2  def select_category(category_name):"""选择指定类别的菜品"""available = [d for d in pork_categories[category_name] if d not in used_dishes[category_name]]if not available:# 重置该类别的已使用记录used_dishes[category_name] = set()available = pork_categories[category_name]dish = random.choice(available)used_dishes[category_name].add(dish)return dishdef select_pork(meal_type, day):"""选择猪肉菜品并更新状态"""nonlocal usage_countavailable_cats = []# 首先检查有间隔限制的类别 (pork_1, pork_2, pork_3)for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:# 检查间隔限制 - 增加到3顿间隔if last_used[cat]:last_day, last_meal_type = last_used[cat][-1]# 检查是否间隔足够（至少间隔3顿）# 如果同一天，或者第二天，或者第三天同一餐次，都不能使用if (day == last_day) or \(day == last_day + 1) or \(day == last_day + 2 and meal_type == last_meal_type):continue# 检查可用菜品available = [d for d in pork_categories[cat] if d not in used_dishes[cat]]if available:available_cats.append((cat, available))# 计算当前pork_4的使用率pork_4_usage_rate = usage_count['pork_4'] / total_meals if total_meals > 0 else 0# 决定是否使用pork_4 - 更严格的控制use_pork_4 = False# 只有在以下情况下才使用pork_4：# 1. 没有其他可用类别# 2. pork_4使用率低于25%且随机概率很低if not available_cats:use_pork_4 = Trueelif pork_4_usage_rate < 0.25 and random.random() < 0.05:  # 降低到5%概率use_pork_4 = True# 优先选择pork_1和pork_2if available_cats and not use_pork_4:# 给pork_1和pork_2更高的权重weighted_cats = []for cat, dishes in available_cats:if cat == 'pork_1':weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 4)  # 增加pork_1权重为4elif cat == 'pork_2':weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 3)  # 增加pork_2权重为3else:  # pork_3weighted_cats.append((cat, dishes))  # pork_3权重为1cat, dishes = random.choice(weighted_cats)dish = random.choice(dishes)used_dishes[cat].add(dish)usage_count[cat] += 1# 更新使用记录if cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:last_used[cat].append((day, meal_type))return dish, catelse:# 使用pork_4available_pork_4 = [d for d in pork_categories['pork_4'] if d not in used_dishes['pork_4']]if available_pork_4:dish = random.choice(available_pork_4)used_dishes['pork_4'].add(dish)usage_count['pork_4'] += 1return dish, 'pork_4'else:# 如果pork_4不可用，尝试重置其他类别for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:if not [d for d in pork_categories[cat] if d not in used_dishes[cat]]:used_dishes[cat] = set()  # 重置该类别的已使用记录# 重新检查可用类别available_cats = []for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:if last_used[cat]:last_day, last_meal_type = last_used[cat][-1]if (day == last_day) or \(day == last_day + 1) or \(day == last_day + 2 and meal_type == last_meal_type):continueavailable = [d for d in pork_categories[cat] if d not in used_dishes[cat]]if available:available_cats.append((cat, available))if available_cats:# 使用权重选择weighted_cats = []for cat, dishes in available_cats:if cat == 'pork_1':weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 4)elif cat == 'pork_2':weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 3)else:weighted_cats.append((cat, dishes))cat, dishes = random.choice(weighted_cats)dish = random.choice(dishes)used_dishes[cat].add(dish)usage_count[cat] += 1if cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:last_used[cat].append((day, meal_type))return dish, catelse:# 紧急情况使用pork_4（重置）used_dishes['pork_4'] = set()dish = random.choice(pork_categories['pork_4'])used_dishes['pork_4'].add(dish)usage_count['pork_4'] += 1return dish, 'pork_4'def select_other():"""选择其他肉类"""available_cats = []for cat, dishes in other_categories.items():available = [d for d in dishes if d not in used_other_dishes[cat]]if available:available_cats.append((cat, available))if not available_cats:# 重置所有其他肉类池for cat in other_categories:used_other_dishes[cat] = set()available_cats = [(cat, dishes) for cat, dishes in other_categories.items()]cat, dishes = random.choice(available_cats)dish = random.choice(dishes)used_other_dishes[cat].add(dish)return dish# 生成菜单meals = []for day in range(total_days):# 午餐lunch_pork, lunch_pork_type = select_pork('lunch', day)lunch_other = select_other()# 晚餐dinner_pork, dinner_pork_type = select_pork('dinner', day)dinner_other = select_other()meals.append({'lunch': [lunch_pork, lunch_other],'dinner': [dinner_pork, dinner_other],'lunch_pork_type': lunch_pork_type,'dinner_pork_type': dinner_pork_type})return mealsdef write_meat_to_all_sheets(file_path, output_path):"""Excel写入器"""wb = load_workbook(file_path)all_meals = generate_non_repeating_meals(56)# 按周分组weekly_meals = [all_meals[i * 7:(i + 1) * 7] for i in range(8)]for sheet_idx, (sheet_name, week_meals) in enumerate(zip(wb.sheetnames, weekly_meals)):if sheet_idx >= len(weekly_meals):breakws = wb[sheet_name]# 指定写入数据列（A、C、E、G、I、K、M列）odd_columns = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13]# 写入数据for day, meals in enumerate(week_meals):col = odd_columns[day]# 午餐ws.cell(row=4, column=col, value=meals['lunch'][0])ws.cell(row=5, column=col, value=meals['lunch'][1])# 晚餐ws.cell(row=11, column=col, value=meals['dinner'][0])ws.cell(row=12, column=col, value=meals['dinner'][1])# 设置格式for row in [4, 5, 11, 12]:for col in odd_columns:ws.cell(row=row, column=col).alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center',vertical='center',wrap_text=True)print(f"已处理 sheet【{sheet_name}】的肉类数据")wb.save(output_path)print(f"所有肉类数据已写入: {output_path}")# 打印统计信息print("\n菜单统计:")pork_types_count = {"pork_1": 0, "pork_2": 0, "pork_3": 0, "pork_4": 0}for meal in all_meals:pork_types_count[meal['lunch_pork_type']] += 1pork_types_count[meal['dinner_pork_type']] += 1total_pork_meals = sum(pork_types_count.values())for cat, count in pork_types_count.items():percentage = count / total_pork_meals * 100print(f"{cat}使用次数: {count} ({percentage:.1f}%)")if __name__ == "__main__":input_path = r'D:\文档\WXWork\1688855493661308\Cache\File\2025-11\食堂菜单 - 副本.xlsm'output_path = r'D:\优化版食堂菜单.xlsx'write_meat_to_all_sheets(input_path, output_path)```