MySQL-主从复制 - 指南

MySQL-主从复制

• 一、工作原理
• 二、配置步骤
• • 1. 主库配置
  • 2. 从库配置
  • 3. 测试

---

一、工作原理

master：主服务器
slave：从服务器

1. 首先在master上开启二进制日志
2. master上数据发生变化，进行DML操作的时候，会产生二进制日志
3. master上的dump线程会通知slave上的IO线程来拿二进制日志，IO线程拿到二进制日志后会写到slave上的中继日志，重演二进制日志里的操作，从而达到slave和master上的数据一模一样，实现数据的一致性

---

二、配置步骤

准备两台服务器

[root@master ~]# mysql --version
mysql Ver 8.0.43 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

1. 主库配置

主服务器上开启二进制日志，server_id=1

[root@master ~]# tail -2 /etc/my.cnf
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_bin.log
server_id=1
# 从服务器上也可以开启二进制日志，server_id=2
[root@slave ~]# tail -2 /etc/my.cnf
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_bin.log
server_id=2
# 重启服务
systemctl restart mysqld

新建一个授权用户，给slave来复制二进制日志

MySQL 8.0 默认的 caching_sha2_password 认证插件在非 SSL 连接下要求 “安全连接”，而当前从库未配置 SSL，会导致认证失败
-> 兼容性方案：改用 mysql_native_password 插件

mysql> CREATE USER 'sc'@'192.168.168.%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'passwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'sc'@'192.168.168.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 刷新权限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

查看是否开启二进制日志，主库状态

mysql> show variables like "log_bin";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin       | ON    |
+---------------+-------+
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |     1335 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

---

2. 从库配置

mysql> stop slave;
# 同步两台服务器的基础数据
[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases >all_db.SQL
Enter password:
[root@master ~]# scp all_db.SQL root@192.168.168.135:/root
all_db.SQL                                                                          100% 1256KB  63.5MB/s   00:00
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p <all_db.SQL 
Enter password:
# 配置主库信息
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST = '192.168.168.134',
-> MASTER_USER = 'sc',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD = 'passwd',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'mysql_bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS = 1335;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.168.134
Master_User: sc
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1335
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 785
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
# 若 Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave_SQL_Running 均为 Yes，则表示主从复制配置成功

---

3. 测试

主上面操作

mysql> create table test1(age int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test1 values(10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

从上面查看

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| test1          |
+----------------+
mysql> select * from test1;
+------+
| age  |
+------+
|   10 |
+------+

slave是一直连接到master的，传输层使用tcp

[root@master ~]# netstat -anplut |grep ES
tcp        0      0 192.168.168.134:47374   192.168.168.135:22      ESTABLISHED 4595/ssh
tcp        0     52 192.168.168.134:22      192.168.168.1:53773     ESTABLISHED 1380/sshd: root [pr
tcp        0      0 192.168.168.134:22      192.168.168.1:53771     ESTABLISHED 1336/sshd: root [pr
tcp6       0      0 192.168.168.134:3306    192.168.168.135:37154   ESTABLISHED 2600/mysqld
udp        0      0 192.168.168.134:68      192.168.168.254:67      ESTABLISHED 760/NetworkManager

查看主上所有活跃连接

mysql> show processlist;
+----+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User            | Host                  | db   | Command     | Time | State                                                           | Info             |
+----+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
|  5 | event_scheduler | localhost             | NULL | Daemon      | 3491 | Waiting on empty queue                                          | NULL             |
|  8 | root            | localhost             | test | Query       |    0 | init                                                            | show processlist |
| 23 | sc              | 192.168.168.135:37154 | NULL | Binlog Dump |  312 | Source has sent all binlog to replica; waiting for more updates | NULL             |
+----+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+