西安地产网站制作公司,四川网站建设公司 登录,生活分享网站源码 博客风格分享小清新php源码,摄影网站建站## 路由与伪静态### 路由[info] 字面上解释#xff0c;路是线路#xff0c;道路#xff1b;由#xff0c;缘由#xff0c;指意#xff0c;表示规则#xff1b;所以意思就是按照什么规则#xff0c;或者意义#xff0c;被指派到什么地方去。所以路由是指线路分发[info] 字面上解释路是线路道路由缘由指意表示规则所以意思就是按照什么规则或者意义被指派到什么地方去。所以路由是指线路分发在后端web中一般都是指访问url的映射规则比如什么样的url访问经过路由规则映射到什么模块什么控制器什么方法或者是类或者是闭包或者是别的总之它是起分发的作用。### 伪静态[info] 伪静态字面上的意思就是伪造静态。**(补充伪静态就是让动态的URL地址看起来是静态的地址伪静态是最终的目的而不是技术。实现伪静态有很多方式去实现利用主机的URL重写可以实现利用程序本身的路由配置也可以实现比如tp5和wordpress中可以自由的配置URL规则。前者需要有管理主机的权限而后者比较灵活。但是要隐藏入口需要pathinfo或url重写的支持)**web2.0的世界里面很多页面都是动态的比如很多 index.php/a/…… 或者 index.php?a1…… 这样的这样的动态地址不怎么好看对搜索引擎不友好所需需要借助一些技术手段来将这些动态的url地址伪装成静态的url地址这就是伪静态。所以伪静态指的是利用一些技术将动态地址转换成静态地址并可照常访问的解决方案并不是指某一种技术。那么来看下实现伪静态需要用到哪些技术1. **web主机rewrite模块**(URL重写rewrite翻译成中文为重写但很多人也常称伪静态)2. **pathinfo** (主机支持的一种技术index.php/path再利用url重写可以隐藏入口)3. **程序的路由**(可以美化缩短url变得更人性化更有语义) 补充还有一个很重要的一点没提到的就是【加后缀】这个不算是什么技术所以没列到上面的技术列表中加后缀可以在上面每一步都能完成程序中就是控制url生成时加后缀就可以了。并且后缀有时候设计API时还很有用必须后缀可以代表返回的数据格式(参考REST设计风格)。**分析**1. 第一种方案优点是功能强大(利用重写模块规则支持正则匹配等特性)可以实现任意的url重写但缺点是需要配置很多复杂的url重写规则(多多返利程序就是利用这方式做伪静态如果开启伪静态则程序会生成伪静态规则的url并且需要主机同时手动配置相应的url重写规则)需要有主机管理的权限如果是在主机上修改的配置则需要重启web服务器(支持.htaccess则不需要重启)。2. 这个需要web主机的支持支持PATHINFO的主机可以支持 index.php/home/index/index 这样的url访问这样web语言中就可以获得值(比如PHP程序可以得到 $_SERVER[PATH_INFO] /home/index/index )。根据这个特性**利用URL重写**只需要一条简单的[URL重写规则](#pathinfo)将所有参数都重写到入口文件的后面这样就能实现隐藏入口文件了当然这只是隐藏入口文件在thinkphp中如果主机不支持PATHINFO(比如低版本的nginx)那么使用[兼容模式(?s/m/c/a)](#compatible)也能模拟实现pathinfo从而实现隐藏入口文件index.php3. 可以说是程序里面的url重写(上面提到的rewrite是主机的URL重写)设计参考了主机的url重写所以路由规则也和主机url重写规则差不多。优点是功能强大规则配置灵活缺点就是解析的性能问题(就这一个缺点其它都是优点)。(WordPress自定义url其实就是用的自定义路由)**总结**一般主机都能开启rewrite模块/功能支持URL重写这很关键这样实现隐藏入口文件了这是第一步再利用pathinfo(或者兼容模式)还有程序的路由这样配合起来就能够实现简洁明了的URL地址了也就是实现我们所说的伪静态。参见[伪静态](http://baike.baidu.com/link?urlS-5KttfY-Ky0BaRR3Y6m15kz5Yw9yyN73qH8vTgzr9vRaW5N8W1d1paaJwXATsQw0IW3bzLd3qxjjlDlAqEzPODxMMA0N6qDn_HCA9b0W75_D0Kxy5hS12F4OGNuEZBQ)## 扩展知识原始的 index.php?mhomecindexaindex 实在是太难看了所以即使不全伪静态不用路由也最好抛弃这种原始的地址因为有些接口开发中已经不支持使用这类url地址了所以务必使用 pathinfo 的形式index.php/home/index/index 在隐藏入口再加个后缀 home/index/index.html 就完美了如果是做API或者有特殊用途的话还可以带上特定的后缀比如看云、github仓库克隆时代.git后缀的仓库地址。想要了解【URL/PATHINFO/路由】的更多信息可以继续阅读[URL模式之分析](http://www.kancloud.cn/xiak/php-node/228772)其实如果你的入口是index.php使用兼容模式也可以隐藏入口的直接?s/m/c/a?mhomecindexaindex 因为大多主机默认配置的有默认访问文件/入口。下面分析nginx的部分配置**主配置/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf**~~~user www www;worker_processes auto;error_log /data/wwwlogs/error_nginx.log crit;pid /var/run/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events {use epoll;worker_connections 51200;multi_accept on;}http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;client_header_buffer_size 32k;large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;client_max_body_size 1024m;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 120;server_tokens off;tcp_nodelay on;fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 300;fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;#Gzip Compressiongzip on;gzip_buffers 16 8k;gzip_comp_level 6;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_min_length 256;gzip_proxied any;gzip_vary on;gzip_typestext/xml application/xml application/atomxml application/rssxml application/xhtmlxml image/svgxmltext/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascripttext/x-json application/json application/x-web-app-manifestjsontext/css text/plain text/x-componentfont/opentype application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobjectimage/x-icon;gzip_disable MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1);#If you have a lot of static files to serve through Nginx then caching of the files metadata (not the actual files contents) can save some latency.open_file_cache max1000 inactive20s;open_file_cache_valid 30s;open_file_cache_min_uses 2;open_file_cache_errors on;######################## default ############################server {listen 80;server_name _;access_log /data/wwwlogs/access_nginx.log combined;root /data/wwwroot/default;index index.html index.htm index.php;location /nginx_status {stub_status on;access_log off;allow 127.0.0.1;deny all;}location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {#fastcgi_pass remote_php_ip:9000;fastcgi_pass unix:/dev/shm/php-cgi.sock;fastcgi_index index.php;include fastcgi.conf;}location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|flv|ico)$ {expires 30d;access_log off;}location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {expires 7d;access_log off;}}########################## vhost #############################include vhost/*.conf;}~~~**每一个虚拟主机在虚拟主机配置目录都有一个对应的配置文件**~~~[rootiZuf6fvttmu9vkdbnencgpZ vhost]# lsdingtalk.uogo8.com.conf lipin.uogo8.com.conf tv.uogo8.com.confgj.uogo8.com.conf test.uogo8.com.conf www.uogo8.com.conf~~~**虚拟主机配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/www.uogo8.com.conf**~~~server {listen 80;server_name www.uogo8.com uogo8.com;access_log /data/wwwlogs/www.uogo8.com_nginx.log combined;index index.html index.htm index.php;include /usr/local/nginx/conf/rewrite/www.uogo8.com.conf;root /data/wwwroot/www.uogo8.com;if ($host ! www.uogo8.com) {rewrite ^/(.*)$ $scheme://www.uogo8.com/$1 permanent;}location ~ \.php {#fastcgi_pass remote_php_ip:9000;fastcgi_pass unix:/dev/shm/php-cgi.sock;fastcgi_index index.php;include fastcgi_params;set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ ^(.?\.php)(/.)$) {set $real_script_name $1;#set $path_info $2;}fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;#fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;}location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|flv|ico)$ {expires 30d;access_log off;}location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {expires 7d;access_log off;}}~~~**伪静态单独放一个目录需要时被虚拟主机配置文件引入这样方便管理**~~~[rootiZuf6fvttmu9vkdbnencgpZ vhost]# cd ../rewrite/[rootiZuf6fvttmu9vkdbnencgpZ rewrite]# lsnone.conf thinkphp.conf www.uogo8.com.conf~~~[info] 伪静态是一种效果准确的说这是主机的URL重写规则/配置文件。但一般大家也习惯性称之为伪静态配置、伪静态文件开启伪静态伪静态模块伪静态功能了其实伪静态只是最终实现的效果。**thinkphp程序的伪静态配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/rewrite/thinkphp.conf**~~~location / {if (!-e $request_filename) {# 不支持pathinfo那就使用url重写重写成兼容模式来达到隐藏入口的效果rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s$1 last;break;}}~~~**thinkphp伪静态配置文件.htaccess(Apache环境)**~~~Options FollowSymlinks -MultiviewsRewriteEngine OnRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-dRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f# 直接利用url重写重写成 pathinfo 模式RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [QSA,PT,L]~~~**uogo8的伪静态配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/rewrite/www.uogo8.com.conf**~~~location / {if (!-e $request_filename) {rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php/$1 last;break;}}~~~~~~######################################################################## OneinStack for CentOS/RadHat 5 Debian 6 and Ubuntu 12 ## For more information please visit https://oneinstack.com ########################################################################Your domain: www.uogo8.comVirtualhost conf: /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/www.uogo8.com.confDirectory of: /data/wwwroot/www.uogo8.comRewrite rule: /usr/local/nginx/conf/rewrite/thinkphp.conf~~~相关阅读- [nginx下支持PATH_INFO详解](http://www.nginx.cn/426.html)- [nginx支持.htaccess文件实现伪静态的方法分享](http://www.jb51.net/article/59376.htm)- [php官方手册 隐藏 PHP](http://php.net/manual/zh/security.hiding.php)- [WordPress 伪静态规则(IIS/Apache/Nginx)](https://www.wpdaxue.com/wordpress-rewriterule.html)- [Wordpress固定链接伪静态的设置方法](http://www.jb51.net/cms/73962.html)- [WordPress 查看网站的所有伪静态 Rewrite 规则](https://www.wpdaxue.com/rewrite-rules-inspector.html)[info] WordPress 本身只需要一条服务器重写规则就能让固定链接正常功能这条规则就是把所有不存在的文件请求指向 index.php然后它再通过 PHP 匹配请求的网址得出最终的请求结果注入到主循环之中。- [v8伪静态规则在哪,如何开启伪静态功能](http://bbs.duoduo123.com/forum.php?modviewthreadtid114920highlight%CE%B1%BE%B2%CC%AC)[info] 这个比WordPress的复杂一点利用了重写程序根据网站后台设置中是否开启伪静态来决定生成什么样的URL并没有用到pathinfo和路由。这样的缺点就是每次都要手动配置主机的伪静态规则且规则多容易出错。### 其他应当注意的问题任何时候要考虑兼容性并不是所有环境都支持PATH_INFO的比如下面的代码就能体现出来这个思想php$input-SetNotify_url(SITE_URL . /index.php/Home/Payment/notifyUrl/pay_code/weixin);这个代码在Apache上没有问题但是在Nginx上面就出问题了即使Nginx设置了这样的URL重写~~~location / {if (!-e $request_filename) {rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s$1 last;break;}}~~~也没用有Nginx不支持PATH_INFO并且也不满足上面的URL重写规则(如果文件不存在就映射到s参数上面)所以上面的代码可以说没有兼容性。上面的代码只要改成php$input-SetNotify_url(SITE_URL . /Home/Payment/notifyUrl/pay_code/weixin);就好了就不会有问题了(在不支持PATH_INFO的Nginx上面满足URL重写规则)这样代码在不同环境下面都能以期望的结果运行就具有兼容性了。* * * * *### 扩展附多多返利程序的Nginx的URL重写规则nginx.txtshelllocation / {rewrite /mall/list-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modmallactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /mall/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modmallactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /mall/list.html$ /index.php?modmallactlist last;rewrite /mall/view-(\d)-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modmallactviewid$1do$2page$3 last;rewrite /mall/view-(\d)-(.*).html$ /index.php?modmallactviewid$1do$2 last;rewrite /mall/view-(\d).html$ /index.php?modmallactviewid$1 last;rewrite /mall/goods-(.*)-(\d)-(\d)-(\d)-(\d)-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modmallactgoodsmerchantId$1order$2start_price$3end_price$4list$5q$6page$7 last;rewrite /mall/goods-(.*).html$ /index.php?modmallactgoodsq$1 last;rewrite /mall/goods.html$ /index.php?modmallactgoods last;rewrite /article/index.html$ /index.php?modarticleactindex last;rewrite /article/$ /index.php?modarticleactindex last;rewrite /article$ /index.php?modarticleactindex last;rewrite /article/list-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modarticleactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /article/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modarticleactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /article/list.html$ /index.php?modarticleactlist last;rewrite /article/view-(\d).html$ /index.php?modarticleactviewid$1 last;rewrite /huodong/list-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modhuodongactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /huodong/list-(\d).html$ /index.php?modhuodongactlistpage$1 last;rewrite /huodong/list.html$ /index.php?modhuodongactlist last;rewrite /huodong/view-(\d).html$ /index.php?modhuodongactviewid$1 last;rewrite /huan/list-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modhuanactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /huan/list-(\d).html$ /index.php?modhuanactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /huan/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modhuanactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /huan/list.html$ /index.php?modhuanactlist last;rewrite /huan/view-(\d).html$ /index.php?modhuanactviewid$1 last;rewrite /tao/index.html$ /index.php?modtaoactindex last;rewrite /tao/$ /index.php?modtaoactindex last;rewrite /tao$ /index.php?modtaoactindex last;rewrite /tao/list-(.*)-(.*)-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtaoactlistcid$1q$2list$3page$4 last;rewrite /tao/list-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtaoactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /tao/list-0-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtaoactlistcid0q$1 last;rewrite /tao/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtaoactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /tao/list.html$ /index.php?modtaoactlist last;rewrite /tao/view-(.*)-(.*)-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtaoactviewiid$1promotion_price$2promotion_endtime$3 last;rewrite /tao/view-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtaoactviewiid$1 last;rewrite /tao/shop-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtaoactshopnick$1list$2 last;rewrite /tao/shop-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtaoactshopnick$1 last;rewrite /tao/zhe-(.*)-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtaoactzheq$1cid$2page$3 last;rewrite /tao/zhe-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtaoactzheq$1 last;rewrite /tao/zhe.html$ /index.php?modtaoactzhe last;rewrite /shop/list-(\d)-(\d)-(\d)-(\d)-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modshopactlistcid$1start_level$2end_level$3type$4nick$5page$6 last;rewrite /shop/list-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modshopactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /shop/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modshopactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /shop/list.html$ /index.php?modshopactlist last;rewrite /baobei/list-0-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactlistcid0q$1page$2 last;rewrite /baobei/list-0-(.*).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactlistcid0q$1 last;rewrite /baobei/list-(.*)-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactlistsort$1cid$2page$3 last;rewrite /baobei/list-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /baobei/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /baobei/list.html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactlist last;rewrite /baobei/user-(\d)-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactuseruid$1xs$2page$3 last;rewrite /baobei/user-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactuseruid$1xs$2 last;rewrite /baobei/user-(\d).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactuseruid$1 last;rewrite /baobei/view-(\d).html$ /index.php?modbaobeiactviewid$1 last;rewrite /tuan/list-(\d)-(\d)-(\d)-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtuanactlistcid$1mall_id$2city_id$3sort$4page$5 last;rewrite /tuan/list-(\d)-(\d)-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtuanactlistcid$1city_id$2sort$3 last;rewrite /tuan/list-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtuanactlistcid$1page$2 last;rewrite /tuan/list-(.*)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtuanactlistq$1page$2 last;rewrite /tuan/list-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtuanactlistcid$1 last;rewrite /tuan/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modtuanactlistq$1 last;rewrite /tuan/list.html$ /index.php?modtuanactlist last;rewrite /tuan/view-(\d).html$ /index.php?modtuanactviewid$1 last;rewrite /help/index-(\d).html$ /index.php?modhelpactindexcid$1 last;rewrite /help/index.html$ /index.php?modhelpactindex last;rewrite /help/$ /index.php?modhelpactindex last;rewrite /help$ /index.php?modhelpactindex last;rewrite /about/index-(\d).html$ /index.php?modaboutactindexid$1 last;rewrite /about/index.html$ /index.php?modaboutactindex last;rewrite /about/$ /index.php?modaboutactindex last;rewrite /about$ /index.php?modaboutactindex last;rewrite /paipai/index.html$ /index.php?modpaipaiactindex last;rewrite /paipai/$ /index.php?modpaipaiactindex last;rewrite /paipai$ /index.php?modpaipaiactindex last;rewrite /paipai/list-(\d)-(.*)-(\d)-(.*)-(\d)-(\d)-(\d)-(\d).html$ /index.php?modpaipaiactlistcid$1q$2sort$3property$4begPrice$5endPrice$6list$7page$8 last;rewrite /paipai/list-(.*).html$ /index.php?modpaipaiactlistq$1 last;rewrite /paipai/list.html$ /index.php?modpaipaiactlist last;rewrite /tbimg/(.*).jpg$ /comm/showpic.php?pic$1 last;rewrite /sitemap/index.html$ /index.php?modsitemapactindex last;rewrite /index.html$ /index.php last;}* * * * *[ThinkPHP5路由全程图解 · 看云](https://www.kancloud.cn/ldkt/tp5_route)update time : 2018-1-14 15:50:54