通过配置 GitLab 自动触发项目自动化构建与部署

通过配置 GitLab 自动触发项目自动化构建与部署 - 指南

news/2025/10/1 12:32:36/文章来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/wzzkaifa/p/19122342

一、环境准备：Docker、Jenkins、GitLab 部署（国内镜像加速）

1.Docker 国内镜像源配置

确保 Docker 拉取镜像时走国内加速，编辑 /etc/docker/daemon.json：

[root@host1 ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@host1 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://9fbd5949cbc94e4a9581e33b9077c811.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com","https://jnh8ca4k.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://docker.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com","https://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io","https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],"insecure-registries": ["192.168.197.9:5001"],"live-restore": true
}
重启 Docker 使配置生效：
[root@host1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@host1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@host1 ~]#

2.启动 GitLab（国内镜像版，支持中文）

使用国内维护的 twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh 镜像（中文社区版，拉取更快），并映射端口 / 持久化数据：

# 创建数据持久化目录
[root@host1 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/gitlab/{config,logs,data}
# 启动 GitLab 容器（HTTP 用 8081 端口，避免与 Jenkins 冲突）
[root@host1 ~]# docker run -d \--name gitlab \-p 8443:443 -p 8081:80 -p 2222:22 \-v /srv/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab \-v /srv/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab \-v /srv/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab \twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:latest
Unable to find image 'twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh
8ee29e426c26: Pull complete
6e83b260b73b: Pull complete
e26b65fd1143: Pull complete
40dca07f8222: Pull complete
b420ae9e10b3: Pull complete
a218309dd589: Pull complete
5c60fd7ba0ce: Pull complete
659c2144b5a3: Pull complete
8289bbac0d0e: Pull complete
31bbd150e8a7: Pull complete
9114e78243fa: Pull complete
e242e5cd1314: Pull complete
0a079dc3f92c: Pull complete
f0e195b09fd2: Pull complete
6e23346e2f58: Pull complete
91f00659be69: Pull complete
a1031bcc5b2c: Pull complete
e3074327c7b1: Pull complete
a917618dbe42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:62686b74c6fca5ece8ed582d03a126c5988423dd8a19ce70e9a22357ffcaf1c8
Status: Downloaded newer image for twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:latest
31cf4cf2bc3f76978e0ced18465a3c7197de6e5f74c852ddf5d76d7549dbe5af

3.启动 Jenkins（国内加速拉取官方镜像）

使用 jenkins/jenkins:lts（长期支持版），通过国内镜像源加速拉取：

# 创建 Jenkins 数据持久化目录
[root@host1 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/jenkins_home
[root@host1 ~]# chown -R 1000:1000 /srv/jenkins_home    # Jenkins 容器内用户为 uid=1000
# 启动 Jenkins 容器（映射 8080 端口）
[root@host1 ~]# docker run -d \--name jenkins \-p 8080:8080 -p 50000:50000 \-v /srv/jenkins_home:/var/jenkins_home \jenkins/jenkins:lts
Unable to find image 'jenkins/jenkins:lts' locally
lts: Pulling from jenkins/jenkins
8fb375ec14f3: Pull complete
c7acc196d9db: Pull complete
c9a178fb1e40: Pull complete
59c3eb56f065: Pull complete
5ad06dc8d2bc: Pull complete
5fe83599b627: Pull complete
1d17e189ff23: Pull complete
18238f4d9e48: Pull complete
7c1a19381ac9: Pull complete
195624e01063: Pull complete
e4441ae29535: Pull complete
4f19f207bd6e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ace160331258aeff24581038e63ec5b5e8e969cebc9582a5ac7f0ed9fd20043b
Status: Downloaded newer image for jenkins/jenkins:lts
6ab5e11b7982d6a476dd4b3ce8ccb9c8bf2cbeeb5fcddfe15ccfded8e07fc81f

二、Jenkins 配置：项目、触发器、插件

1.初始化 Jenkins

（详细过程请查看部署 Jenkins 服务器-CSDN博客）

访问 http://<宿主机IP>:8080（如 http://192.168.197.9:8082）。
首次启动需获取初始密码：

[root@host1 ~]# docker exec jenkins cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword
312dd6142d0b4e2ab0fb590782a85af9

输入密码后，选择「安装推荐插件」，等待插件安装完成，创建管理员用户。

2.安装必要插件

进入「系统管理」→「插件管理」→「可选插件」，搜索并安装：

Git Plugin（Git 源码管理支持）
GitLab Plugin（GitLab 触发与认证支持）
Pipeline Plugin（流水线支持，可选，若用 Pipeline 语法）

3.配置 GitLab 凭据

进入「凭据」→「系统」→「全局凭据」→「添加凭据」：

类型选「GitLab API 令牌」。
前往 GitLab（http://<宿主机IP>:8081），点击「个人头像」→「设置」→「访问令牌」，创建令牌（勾选 api 权限），复制令牌内容。
在 Jenkins 凭据中，「API 令牌」填写刚复制的内容，「ID」自定义（如 gitlab-token），保存。

4.创建 Jenkins 项目（以 Maven 项目为例）

点击「新建 Item」→ 选择「构建一个 Maven 项目」→ 输入项目名（如 java-demo）→ 确定。

源码管理：
- 选「Git」，填写 GitLab 仓库地址（如 http://<宿主机IP>:8081/<用户名>/java-demo.git，需先在 GitLab 创建空项目）。
- 「凭据」选择刚配置的 GitLab 令牌。
构建触发器：
- 勾选「Build when a change is pushed to GitLab.」。
- 点击「高级」→ 点击「Generate」生成 Secret token（复制该 token，后续 GitLab Webhook 会用到）。
构建：
- 「Goals and options」填写 clean package -DskipTests（Maven 打包命令，跳过测试）。
构建后操作（示例：Docker 构建并启动服务）：
- 点击「添加构建后操作步骤」→ 选「执行 Shell」，输入：

# 构建 Docker 镜像
docker build -t java-demo:latest .
# 停止并删除旧容器（若存在）
docker stop java-demo || true
docker rm java-demo || true
# 启动新容器（映射 8082 端口）
docker run -d -p 8082:8080 --name java-demo java-demo:latest

三、GitLab 配置：项目、Webhook

1.初始化 GitLab

访问 http://<宿主机IP>:8081（如 http://192.168.197.9:8081）。
首次登录用 root 账户，密码在 /srv/gitlab/config/initial_root_password（容器内执行 cat /srv/gitlab/config/initial_root_password）。
创建用户（如 demo），创建项目（如 java-demo）。

2.配置 Webhook（实现 Git 推送触发 Jenkins 构建）

进入 GitLab 项目 →「设置」→「Webhooks」。
URL：填写 Jenkins 项目的触发地址，格式为 http://<Jenkins宿主机IP>:8080/project/<Jenkins项目名>（如 http://192.168.197.9:8080/project/java-demo）。
Secret token：填写 Jenkins 中生成的 Secret token。
Trigger：勾选「Push events」（推送代码时触发）。
（可选）若提示「URL is blocked: Requests to the local network are not allowed」：
- 进入 GitLab 「管理区域」→「设置」→「网络」→ 勾选「Allow requests to the local network from web hooks and services」→ 保存。

四、测试：代码推送 → 自动构建 → 验证服务

1.本地克隆 GitLab 仓库

[root@host1 ~]# git clone http://192.168.197.9:8081/root/java-demo.git
bash: git: 未找到命令...
安装软件包“git-core”以提供命令“git”？ [N/y] y* 正在队列中等待...* 正在载入软件包列表。...
下列软件包必须安装：git-core-2.47.3-1.el9.x86_64Core package of git with minimal functionality
继续更改？ [N/y] y* 正在队列中等待...* 正在等待认证...* 正在队列中等待...* 正在下载软件包...* 正在请求数据...* 正在测试更改...* 正在安装软件包...
正克隆到 'java-demo'...
Username for 'http://192.168.197.9:8081': cd java-demo
Password for 'http://cd%20java-demo@192.168.197.9:8081':
remote: HTTP Basic: Access denied
致命错误：'http://192.168.197.9:8081/root/java-demo.git/' 鉴权失败
[root@host1 ~]# git clone http://192.168.197.9:8081/root/java-demo.git
正克隆到 'java-demo'...
Username for 'http://192.168.197.9:8081': root
Password for 'http://root@192.168.197.9:8081':
警告：您似乎克隆了一个空仓库。
提示： 使用 'master' 作为初始分支的名称。这个默认分支名称可能会更改。要在新仓库中
提示： 配置使用初始分支名，并消除这条警告，请执行：
提示：
提示： git config --global init.defaultBranch <名称>
提示：
提示： 除了 'master' 之外，通常选定的名字有 'main'、'trunk' 和 'development'。
提示： 可以通过以下命令重命名刚创建的分支：
提示：
提示： git branch -m 
[root@host1 ~]#

2.添加测试代码（Spring Boot 示例）

创建 src/main/java/com/example/HelloController.java：

[root@host1 java-demo]# vi src/main/java/com/example/HelloController.java
[root@host1 java-demo]# cat src/main/java/com/example/HelloController.java
package com.example;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {@GetMapping("/")public String hello() {return "Hello from Jenkins Auto-Build!";}
}

创建 pom.xml（Maven 配置，简化版）：

[root@host1 ~]# cd java-demo
[root@host1 java-demo]# vi pom.xml
[root@host1 java-demo]# cat pom.xml4.0.0org.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-parent2.7.5com.examplejava-demo1.0-SNAPSHOT11org.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-weborg.springframework.bootspring-boot-maven-plugin

创建 src/main/resources/application.properties（空文件即可，或配置端口）：

[root@host1 java-demo]# vi src/main/resources/application.properties
[root@host1 java-demo]# cat src/main/resources/application.properties
server.port=8081

创建 Dockerfile（与 pom.xml 同目录）：

[root@host1 java-demo]# vi Dockerfile
[root@host1 java-demo]# cat Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:11-jre-slim
COPY target/java-demo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar /app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]

3.提交并推送到 GitLab

[root@host1 java-demo]# git add .
[root@host1 java-demo]# git commit -m "autobuild commit"
作者身份未知
*** 请告诉我您是谁。
运行git config --global user.email "you@example.com"git config --global user.name "Your Name"
来设置您账号的缺省身份标识。
如果仅在本仓库设置身份标识，则省略 --global 参数。
致命错误：无法自动探测邮件地址（得到 'root@host1.(none)'）
[root@host1 java-demo]# git config --global user.name "songjialin"
[root@host1 java-demo]# git config --global user.email "2243678135@qq.com"
[root@host1 java-demo]# git commit -m "autobuild commit"
[master（根提交） 1cf41b9] autobuild commit5 files changed, 64 insertions(+)create mode 100644 Dockerfilecreate mode 100644 pom.xmlcreate mode 100644 src/main/java/com/example/DemoApplication.javacreate mode 100644 src/main/java/com/example/HelloController.javacreate mode 100644 src/main/resources/application.properties
[root@host1 java-demo]# git push origin main
错误：源引用规格 main 没有匹配
错误：无法推送一些引用到 'http://192.168.197.9:8081/root/java-demo.git'
[root@host1 java-demo]# git push -u origin master:main
Username for 'http://192.168.197.9:8081': root
Password for 'http://root@192.168.197.9:8081':
枚举对象中: 13, 完成.
对象计数中: 100% (13/13), 完成.
使用 8 个线程进行压缩
压缩对象中: 100% (9/9), 完成.
写入对象中: 100% (13/13), 1.50 KiB | 383.00 KiB/s, 完成.
总共 13（差异 0），复用 0（差异 0），包复用 0（来自  0 个包）
To http://192.168.197.9:8081/root/java-demo.git* [new branch]      master -> main
分支 'master' 设置为跟踪 'origin/main'。
[root@host1 java-demo]# git remote -v
originhttp://192.168.197.9:8081/root/java-demo.git (fetch)
originhttp://192.168.197.9:8081/root/java-demo.git (push)
[root@host1 java-demo]# git remote set-url origin ssh://git@192.168.197.9:2222/root/java-demo.git
[root@host1 java-demo]# git push -u origin master:main
The authenticity of host '[192.168.197.9]:2222 ([192.168.197.9]:2222)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:CwSJ9sjDkkGSrR9pK/BSI97UiktySR3gfVdHxfV63o8.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.197.9]:2222' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
git@192.168.197.9: Permission denied (publickey).
致命错误：无法读取远程仓库。
请确认您有正确的访问权限并且仓库存在。
[root@host1 java-demo]# eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Agent pid 3117392
[root@host1 java-demo]# ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (2243678135@qq.com)
[root@host1 java-demo]# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
[root@host1 java-demo]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "2243678135@qq.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)?
[root@host1 java-demo]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa 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 2243678135@qq.com
[root@host1 java-demo]# eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Agent pid 3152619
[root@host1 java-demo]# ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (2243678135@qq.com)
[root@host1 java-demo]# git push -u origin master:main
分支 'master' 设置为跟踪 'origin/main'。
Everything up-to-date
[root@host1 java-demo]#

4.验证自动构建与服务

切换到 Jenkins 界面，观察项目是否自动触发构建（构建历史会新增，状态为 “正在构建” 或 “成功”）。
构建完成后，访问 Docker 宿主机的 8082 端口（如 http://<宿主机IP>:8082），应看到：

[root@host1 java-demo]# curl http://192.168.197.9:8082
Hello! Please test autobuild!

五、关键说明

所有镜像均通过国内镜像源加速（Docker 配置了阿里云 / 网易源，GitLab 使用国内社区镜像），避免外网拉取超时。
端口、路径可根据实际环境调整（如 GitLab 端口、Jenkins 项目名、Docker 映射端口等）。
若需更复杂的部署（如 Kubernetes），可将 “构建后操作” 替换为 Kubectl 命令或 Helm 部署，核心触发逻辑（Webhook + Jenkins 触发器）保持一致。

！！！部分问题解决：

[root@host1 ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@host1 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://9fbd5949cbc94e4a9581e33b9077c811.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com","https://jnh8ca4k.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://docker.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com","https://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io","https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],"insecure-registries": ["192.168.197.9:5001"],"live-restore": true
}
[root@host1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@host1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@host1 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/gitlab/{config,logs,data}
[root@host1 ~]# docker run -d \--name gitlab \-p 8443:443 -p 8081:80 -p 2222:22 \-v /srv/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab \-v /srv/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab \-v /srv/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab \twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:latest
Unable to find image 'twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh
8ee29e426c26: Pull complete
6e83b260b73b: Pull complete
e26b65fd1143: Pull complete
40dca07f8222: Pull complete
b420ae9e10b3: Pull complete
a218309dd589: Pull complete
5c60fd7ba0ce: Pull complete
659c2144b5a3: Pull complete
8289bbac0d0e: Pull complete
31bbd150e8a7: Pull complete
9114e78243fa: Pull complete
e242e5cd1314: Pull complete
0a079dc3f92c: Pull complete
f0e195b09fd2: Pull complete
6e23346e2f58: Pull complete
91f00659be69: Pull complete
a1031bcc5b2c: Pull complete
e3074327c7b1: Pull complete
a917618dbe42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:62686b74c6fca5ece8ed582d03a126c5988423dd8a19ce70e9a22357ffcaf1c8
Status: Downloaded newer image for twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:latest
01c614a3a5df9d5d0f0dd577a9abc90157c5b44247a91dcc143682ee90d94199
[root@host1 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/jenkins_home
[root@host1 ~]# chown -R 1000:1000 /srv/jenkins_home
[root@host1 ~]# docker run -d \--name jenkins \-p 8080:8080 -p 50000:50000 \-v /srv/jenkins_home:/var/jenkins_home \jenkins/jenkins:lts
Unable to find image 'jenkins/jenkins:lts' locally
lts: Pulling from jenkins/jenkins
8fb375ec14f3: Pull complete
c7acc196d9db: Pull complete
c9a178fb1e40: Pull complete
59c3eb56f065: Pull complete
5ad06dc8d2bc: Pull complete
5fe83599b627: Pull complete
1d17e189ff23: Pull complete
18238f4d9e48: Pull complete
7c1a19381ac9: Pull complete
195624e01063: Pull complete
e4441ae29535: Pull complete
4f19f207bd6e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ace160331258aeff24581038e63ec5b5e8e969cebc9582a5ac7f0ed9fd20043b
Status: Downloaded newer image for jenkins/jenkins:lts
73066802d42272804857beb88f6d12f112159e200259e90cf413484c38dd7cb4
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to set up container networking: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint jenkins (9a0c45812ee24a4f07e7b939e665b6131090a589c9b2698c9ea93cc8e1630fcd): Bind for 0.0.0.0:8080 failed: port is already allocated
Run 'docker run --help' for more information
[root@host1 ~]# docker run -d \--name jenkins \-p 8082:8080 -p 50000:50000 \-v /srv/jenkins_home:/var/jenkins_home \jenkins/jenkins:lts
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/jenkins" is already in use by container "73066802d42272804857beb88f6d12f112159e200259e90cf413484c38dd7cb4". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
Run 'docker run --help' for more information
[root@host1 ~]# ss -tulnp | grep 8080
tcp   LISTEN 0      4096         0.0.0.0:8080       0.0.0.0:*    users:(("docker-proxy",pid=1958114,fd=7))
tcp   LISTEN 0      4096            [::]:8080          [::]:*    users:(("docker-proxy",pid=1958120,fd=7))
#端口冲突
[root@host1 ~]# docker rm 73066802d42272804857beb88f6d12f112159e200259e90cf413484c38dd7cb4
73066802d42272804857beb88f6d12f112159e200259e90cf413484c38dd7cb4
[root@host1 ~]# docker run -d \--name jenkins \-p 8082:8080 -p 50000:50000 \-v /srv/jenkins_home:/var/jenkins_home \jenkins/jenkins:lts
bfcf9f0568e58bef7fa1c13ed4b96fbcde1090754956974008d8f1e2eb8e1129
[root@host1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                           COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS                            PORTS                                                                                                                         NAMES
bfcf9f0568e5   jenkins/jenkins:lts             "/usr/bin/tini -- /u…"   8 seconds ago   Up 8 seconds                      0.0.0.0:50000->50000/tcp, [::]:50000->50000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8082->8080/tcp, [::]:8082->8080/tcp                                  jenkins
01c614a3a5df   twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:latest   "/assets/wrapper"         4 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes (health: starting)   0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp, [::]:2222->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp, [::]:8081->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8443->443/tcp, [::]:8443->443/tcp   gitlab
fc0fa6e6a67f   flask-postgres-server           "python -m flask run…"   4 days ago      Up 4 days                         0.0.0.0:8000->5000/tcp, [::]:8000->5000/tcp                                                                                   flask-postgres-server-1
89fbcc882a92   postgres                        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 days ago      Up 4 days (healthy)               5432/tcp                                                                                                                      flask-postgres-db-1
df239b1a3777   tomcat:9-jdk11                  "catalina.sh run"         6 days ago      Up 4 days                         0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, [::]:8080->8080/tcp                                                                                   tomcat-server
59abedaf927d   mysql:8.0                       "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 days ago      Up 4 days                         3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                                                                                                           tomcat-mysql-db
44276a42a93e   nodejs-mongo-app                "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 days ago      Up 4 days                         0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp, [::]:3000->3000/tcp                                                                                   node-mongo
64a1679ebb2c   mongo:7.0                       "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 days ago      Up 4 days                         0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp, [::]:27017->27017/tcp                                                                               mongo
0dbf7ea2178e   registry                        "/entrypoint.sh /etc…"   2 weeks ago     Up 4 days                         0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, [::]:5000->5000/tcp                                                                                   myregistry

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