Oracle故障处理：数据库启动时遇到ORA-01578错误

news/2025/9/29 15:54:00/文章来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/www-htz-pw/p/19118916

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Oracle故障处理：数据库启动时遇到ORA-01578错误

数据库启动的时候遇到坏块，特别是SYSTEM表空间中的一些底层表，如UNDO$,OBJ$等一些表，会导致数据库不能正常open,当然我们可以通过增加一些隐藏参数来达到跳过坏块来启动数据库，也可以通过bbed工具来手动修复块来。下面是自己的一个测试环境遇到这样的错误，通过bbed工具来修复

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1,数据库版本

SQL> select * from v$version;BANNER——————————————————————————–Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit ProductionPL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 – ProductionCORE    11.2.0.3.0      ProductionTNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 – ProductionNLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 – Production[oracle@www.htz.pw ~]$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun May 25 04:36:03 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  237998080 bytesFixed Size                  2227216 bytesVariable Size             146801648 bytesDatabase Buffers           83886080 bytesRedo Buffers                5083136 bytesDatabase mounted.ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forcedORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data blockORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError], [1], [225],[6108], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []Process ID: 12178Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5

2，启动报错

[oracle@www.htz.pw ~]$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun May 25 04:20:44 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  237998080 bytesFixed Size                  2227216 bytesVariable Size             146801648 bytesDatabase Buffers           83886080 bytesRedo Buffers                5083136 bytesDatabase mounted.ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forcedORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 225)ORA-01110: data file 1: ‘/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf’Process ID: 1617Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5

此块就是存储undo$基表的块，在数据库启动的时候，做恢复的时候，是需要去读undo块的，所以导致报错

3，bbed修复坏块

BBED> verifyDBVERIFY – Verification startingFILE = /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbfBLOCK = 225Block Checking: DBA = 4194529, Block Type = KTB-managed data blockFound block already marked corruptedDBVERIFY – Verification completeTotal Blocks Examined         : 1Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0Total Blocks Empty            : 0Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0Total Blocks Influx           : 0Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

这里发现块被标记为坏块，其实这里知道就是把seq更改为FF了，下面我们修改回来就可以了

BBED> p kcbhstruct kcbh, 20 bytes                       @0      ub1 type_kcbh                            @0        0x06ub1 frmt_kcbh                            @1        0xa2ub1 spare1_kcbh                          @2        0x00ub1 spare2_kcbh                          @3        0x00ub4 rdba_kcbh                            @4        0x004000e1ub4 bas_kcbh                             @8        0x0021beaaub2 wrp_kcbh                             @12       0x0000ub1 seq_kcbh                             @14       0xffub1 flg_kcbh                             @15       0x04 (KCBHFCKV)ub2 chkval_kcbh                          @16       0x4cbaub2 spare3_kcbh                          @18       0x0000BBED> set mode editMODE            EditBBED> set count 16COUNT           16BBED> modify /x 00 offset 14Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) yFile: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)Block: 225              Offsets:   14 to   29           Dba:0x00000000————————————————————————0004ba4c 00000100 00000f00 0000aabe<32 bytes per line>BBED> set offset 8188OFFSET          8188BBED> dumpFile: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)Block: 225              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000————————————————————————ff06aabe<32 bytes per line>BBED> modify /x 00 offset 8188File: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)Block: 225              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000————————————————————————0006aabe<32 bytes per line>BBED> p tailchkub4 tailchk                                 @8188     0xbeaa0600BBED> sum applyCheck value for File 0, Block 225:current = 0x4cba, required = 0x4cbaBBED> verifyDBVERIFY – Verification startingFILE = /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbfBLOCK = 225Block Checking: DBA = 4194529, Block Type = KTB-managed data blockdata header at 0x2a98b8725ckdbchk: row locked by non-existent transactiontable=0   slot=20lockid=1   ktbbhitc=2Block 225 failed with check code 6101DBVERIFY – Verification completeTotal Blocks Examined         : 1Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 1Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0Total Blocks Empty            : 0Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0Total Blocks Influx           : 0Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

这里看到报了ITL相当的一些东西，原因是由于原来做实验的时候，手动提交了数据。

报错代码的意思是，slot=20的行被锁住，占用了itl2.

下面是dump数据库看一下第21号的lb标记符

tl: 58 fb: –H-FL– lb: 0x1  cc: 17col  0: [ 2]  c1 15col  1: [10]  5f 53 59 53 53 4d 55 32 30 24col  2: [ 2]  c1 02col  3: [ 2]  c1 06col  4: [ 3]  c2 03 49col  5: [ 5]  c4 02 62 0a 09col  6: [ 1]  80col  7: [ 3]  c2 03 2acol  8: [ 3]  c2 02 3ecol  9: [ 1]  80col 10: [ 2]  c1 04col 11: [ 2]  c1 06col 12: *NULL*col 13: *NULL*col 14: *NULL*col 15: *NULL*col 16: [ 2]  c1 0BBED> p *kdbr[20]rowdata[634]————ub1 rowdata[634]                            @1823     0x2cBBED> set offset 1823OFFSET          1823BBED> dumpFile: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)Block: 225              Offsets: 1823 to 1838           Dba:0x00000000————————————————————————2c011102 c1150a5f 53595353 4d553230BBED> modify /x 2c00File: /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbf (0)Block: 225              Offsets: 1823 to 1838           Dba:0x00000000————————————————————————2c001102 c1150a5f 53595353 4d553230<32 bytes per line>BBED> sum applyCheck value for File 0, Block 225:current = 0x6ec1, required = 0x6ec1BBED> verifyDBVERIFY – Verification startingFILE = /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl1123/system01.dbfBLOCK = 225DBVERIFY – Verification completeTotal Blocks Examined         : 1Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0Total Blocks Empty            : 0Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0Total Blocks Influx           : 0Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

块不在报错。验证通过

4，数据库正常打开

SQL> alter database open;Database altered.undo块能正常访问SQL> select name from undo$;NAME——————————SYSTEM_SYSSMU1$_SYSSMU10$_SYSSMU11$_SYSSMU12$_SYSSMU13$_SYSSMU14$_SYSSMU15$_SYSSMU16$_SYSSMU17$_SYSSMU18$NAME——————————_SYSSMU19$_SYSSMU2$_SYSSMU20$_SYSSMU3$_SYSSMU4$_SYSSMU5$_SYSSMU6$_SYSSMU7$_SYSSMU8$_SYSSMU9$21 rows selected.

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