项目创建
新建maven项目,导入MySQL的驱动包.pom文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.otnios.jdbc</groupId><artifactId>jdbc_test</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>8.0.33</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit --><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.13.2</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>
JDBC快速入门
- 驱动注册,jdk6之后java会自动检索文件中的driver,故可以省略不写;
- 建立连接, 通过DriverManager.getConnection()得到建立对象后进行后续操作;
- 获取查询对象statement,使用connection连接对象获得执行查询的对象;
- 执行SQL语句后得到返回的结果-resultSet;
- 处理结果,通过判断resultSet.next()是否为true,进而通过get('列名')方法获得返回集合中的查询信息;
- 资源释放,先开后关.
public class JDBCQuick {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 驱动注册 jdk6之后java中自动会检索driver 可省略不写//Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");// 获取连接对象 /数据库名称String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1";String username = "root";String password = "root";Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);// 获取执行查询的对象Statement statement = connection.createStatement();// 编写SQL执行语句,得到返回的结果String sql = "SELECT * FROM user;";ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);// 处理结果while (resultSet.next()){int userId = resultSet.getInt("user_id");String userName = resultSet.getString("user_name");double userSalary = resultSet.getDouble("user_salary");int userAge = resultSet.getInt("user_age");System.out.println(userId+"\t" +userName+"\t" +userSalary+"\t" +userAge);}//释放资源,先开后关resultSet.close();statement.close();connection.close();}
}
JDBC的SQL注入问题
使用statement查询对象,会存在SQL注入问题,原因是这种方式进行SQL查询时,SQL语句是拼接的,所以会通过输入1=1使判断为真,所以存在注入隐患.
下面的查询中,如果我们在输入查询姓名时,输入张顺飞' or '1' = '1时,这是会拼接为
select * from user where user_name = '张顺飞' or '1' = '1'
导致查询成功.这就是SQL注入.
public class JDBCInjection {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//注册驱动 省略//获取连接Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1","root","root");//获取执行sql的statementStatement statement = connection.createStatement();//sql编写与执行System.out.println("输入查询姓名:");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String name = scanner.nextLine();//张顺飞' or '1' = '1 sql注入问题String sql = "select * from user where user_name = '"+name+"'";ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);//展示结果while (resultSet.next()){int userId = resultSet.getInt("user_id");String userName = resultSet.getString("user_name");double userSalary = resultSet.getDouble("user_salary");int userAge = resultSet.getInt("user_age");System.out.println(userId+"\t" +userName+"\t" +userSalary+"\t" +userAge);}//释放资源resultSet.close();statement.close();connection.close();}
}
SQL注入问题的解决方式
我们可以通过另一个查询对象来避免statement的SQL注入问题.那就是PreparedStatement.
PreparedStatement是Statement接口的一个子接口,通过预编译SQL语句的方式避免SQL注入情况的发生
预编译SQL语句,采用?占位符的方式将传入的参数使用单引号包裹起来,使得无论传入什么都将其作为值处理.
我们需要对占位符?进行填充,使用
preparedStatement.setString(1, name);
方法,执行查询方法
ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
执行更新方法
int row = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
row为完成更新影响的行数
public class JDBCPrepared {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//注册驱动 省略//建立数据库连接Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1","root","root");String sql = "select * from user where user_name = ?";//实例化PreparedStatementPreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);System.out.println("输入用户名:");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String name = scanner.nextLine();//执行sql 填充?占位符preparedStatement.setString(1, name);ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();//得到结果while (resultSet.next()){int userId = resultSet.getInt("user_id");String userName = resultSet.getString("user_name");double userSalary = resultSet.getDouble("user_salary");int userAge = resultSet.getInt("user_age");System.out.println(userId+"\t" +userName+"\t" +userSalary+"\t" +userAge);}//释放资源resultSet.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}
}
JDBC工具类封装
public class JDBCUtil {private JDBCUtil(){}static {try {Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");}catch (ClassNotFoundException e){e.printStackTrace();}}public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1","root","root");}public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement preparedStatement, ResultSet resultSet){if (resultSet == null) {try {resultSet.close();}catch (SQLException throwables) {throwables.printStackTrace();}}if (preparedStatement == null) {try {preparedStatement.close();}catch (SQLException throwables) {throwables.printStackTrace();}}if (connection == null) {try {connection.close();}catch (SQLException throwables) {throwables.printStackTrace();}}}}
JDBC增删改查测试
public class JDBCOperaTest {@Testpublic void testQuerySingleRowAndCol() throws SQLException {//查询单行单列Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1", "root", "root");String sql = "select count(*) as count from user;";PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();// 如果明确只有一个结果,可以使用if判断 resultSet至少要做一次next判断if (resultSet.next()){int count = resultSet.getInt("count");System.out.println(count);}resultSet.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}@Testpublic void testQuerySingleRow() throws SQLException {//查询单行多列Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1","root","root");PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("select * from user where user_id = ?");preparedStatement.setInt(1,3);ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();while (resultSet.next()){int userId = resultSet.getInt("user_id");String userName = resultSet.getString("user_name");double userSalary = resultSet.getDouble("user_salary");int userAge = resultSet.getInt("user_age");System.out.println(userId+"\t" +userName+"\t" +userSalary+"\t" +userAge+"\t");}resultSet.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}@Testpublic void testQueryMoreRow() throws SQLException{//查询多行多列Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1","root","root");PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("select * from user where user_age > ?");preparedStatement.setInt(1,25);ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();while (resultSet.next()){int userId = resultSet.getInt("user_id");String userName = resultSet.getString("user_name");double userSalary = resultSet.getDouble("user_salary");int userAge = resultSet.getInt("user_age");System.out.println(userId+"\t" +userName+"\t" +userSalary+"\t" +userAge+"\t");}resultSet.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}@Testpublic void testQueryInsert() throws SQLException {//新增Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1","root","root");PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("insert into user values(?,?,?,?)");preparedStatement.setInt(1,57);preparedStatement.setString(2,"八分");preparedStatement.setDouble(3,123.45);preparedStatement.setInt(4,45);int row = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();System.out.println(row);//row.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}@Testpublic void testUpdateSingleRow() throws SQLException {//修改Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1","root","root");PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("update user set user_name = ? where user_id = ?");preparedStatement.setString(1,"飞马");preparedStatement.setInt(2,57);int row = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();System.out.println(row);preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}@Testpublic void testDeleteRow() throws SQLException {//删除Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1", "root", "root");PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("delete from user where user_id = ?");preparedStatement.setInt(1,57);int row = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();System.out.println(row);preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}@Testpublic void testJDBCUtils() throws SQLException {//工具类测试Connection connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("select * from user where user_id = ?");preparedStatement.setInt(1,1);ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();while (resultSet.next()){int userId = resultSet.getInt("user_id");String userName = resultSet.getString("user_name");double userSalary = resultSet.getDouble("user_salary");int userAge = resultSet.getInt("user_age");System.out.println(userId+"\t" +userName+"\t" +userSalary+"\t" +userAge+"\t");}JDBCUtil.close(connection,preparedStatement,resultSet);}
}