1.边沿检测
检测输入信号din的上升沿，并输出pulse

module edge_check (
clk,
rstn,
din,
pulse
);
input wire clk,rstn;
input wire din;
output reg pulse;wire din_dly;always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)beginif(!rstn)din_dly <= 1'b0;elsedin_dly <= din;		
endpulse = din & (!din_dly);
endmodule

2.计数器

module counter(
clk,
rstn,
en,
cnt
);
input wire clk,rstn,en;
output reg [3:0] cnt;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)beginif (!rstn)cnt <= 4'b0;else if (en)cnt <= cnt + 1;else cnt <= cnt;
end
endmodule

testbench:

module tb_counter();reg clk,rstn,en;always #5 clk = ~clk;initial beginclk = 0;rstn = 1;en = 0;#20;#1;rstn = 0;#30;rstn = 1;en = 1;#500;en = 0;#200;$finish();
endcounter u_counter(.clk    (clk),.rstn   (rstn),.en     (en),.cnt    (  )
);
endmodule

sim:

3.时序逻辑电路有rstn端，为什么组合电路没有？
电路由一堆时序逻辑和组合逻辑组成，如果时序逻辑全都复位到固定值，组合逻辑的输入也是固定值，那么组合逻辑的输出也是固定值。

4.移位寄存器shift-register
shift to higher bit

reg [3:0] sf;
always @(posedge clk)beginsf <= {sf[2:0],din};
end

shift to lower bit

reg [3:0] sf;
always @(posedge clk)beginsf <= {din,sf[3:1]};
end

双向shift:

reg [3:0] sf;
wire dir;
always @(posedge clk)beginif (dir == 0)sf <= {sf[2:0],din};elsesf <= {din,sf[3:1]};
end

5.状态机类型
Mearly型：输出由当前状态和输入共同决定；
Moore型：输出只与当前状态有关。
实际工程设计中，主要关心逻辑功能，不太关心类型。因为在PPA上，没有明显优劣。
6.用FSM实现“1011”序列检测，每周期输入1bit，检测到1011后，在下一周期输出一个周期的高电平。

module detect(
clk,
rstn,
din,
en,
dout
);
input wire clk,rstn,din,en;
output reg dout;
reg [1:0] state,nstate;parameter [1:0] s_idle = 00;
parameter [1:0] s_1 = 01;
parameter [1:0] s_10 = 10;
parameter [1:0] s_101 = 11;
//简洁写法parameter [1:0]  s_idle = 'd0, s_1 = 'd1, s_10 = 'd2, s_101 = 'd3;
//时序逻辑
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)beginif (!rstn)state <= s_idle;else if (en)state <= nstate;	
end
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)if (!rstn)dout <= 1'b0;else if(en &&(state == s_101)&&din)dout <= 1'b1;else dout <= 1'b0;
//组合逻辑
always @(*)begin
if(en)begincase(state)s_idle:if (din == 1) nstate = s_1; else nstate = s_idle;s_1:   if (din == 1) nstate = s_1; else nstate = s_10;s_10:  if (din == 1) nstate = s_101; else nstate = s_idle;s_101: if (din == 1) nstate = s_1; else nstate = s_10;default:nstate = s_idle;endcase
end
else nstate = state;//en无效的话，次态等于现态。
endmodule

if ,else if 要配全，否则会综合出latch。
testbench:

module tb_detect();reg clk,rstn,din,en;wire dout;always #5 clk = ~clk;initial beginclk = 0;rstn = 1;din = 0;en =0;#20;#1;rstn = 0;#20;rstn = 1;en = 1;repeat(20)begin@(posedge clk) din <= {$random}%2; //产生20个随机1bit数endrepeat(5) @(posedge clk);$finish();end
detect u_detect(
.clk (clk),
.rstn (rstn),
.din (din),
.en (en),
.dout (dout)
);
endmodule

也可以s_idle,s_1,s_10,s_101,s_1011五种状态来写，但是state和nstate就需要3bit位宽来储存，会消耗更多的资源。
7.较长的序列检测，比如0110101，且中间有重叠部分。
用shift_register，以1011为例：

module detect_shift(
clk,
rstn,
en,
din,
match
);
input wire clk,rstn,en,din;
output reg match;reg [2:0] shift_reg;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)beginif(!rstn)shift_reg <= 3'b0;elseshift_reg <= {shift_reg[1:0],din};
end
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)beginif(!rstn)match <= 1'b0;else if (en&&(shift_reg == 3'b101)&&din)match <= 1'b1;elsematch <= 1'b0;
end//second way
/*
reg [3:0] shift_reg;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)beginif(!rstn)shift_reg <= 4'b0;elseshift_reg <= {shift_reg[2:0],din};
end
always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn)beginif(!rstn)match <= 1'b0;else if (en&&(shift_reg == 4'b1011))match <= 1'b1;elsematch <= 1'b0;
endendmodule