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【动态规划】【字符串】【行程码】1531. 压缩字符串
本文涉及知识点
动态规划汇总
 图论
LeetCode1575统计所有可行路径
给你一个 互不相同 的整数数组,其中 locations[i] 表示第 i 个城市的位置。同时给你 start,finish 和 fuel 分别表示出发城市、目的地城市和你初始拥有的汽油总量每一步中,如果你在城市 i ,你可以选择任意一个城市 j ,满足 j != i 且 0 <= j < locations.length ,并移动到城市 j 。从城市 i 移动到 j 消耗的汽油量为 |locations[i] - locations[j]|,|x| 表示 x 的绝对值。
 请注意, fuel 任何时刻都 不能 为负,且你 可以 经过任意城市超过一次(包括 start 和 finish )。
 请你返回从 start 到 finish 所有可能路径的数目。
 由于答案可能很大, 请将它对 10^9 + 7 取余后返回。
 示例 1:
 输入:locations = [2,3,6,8,4], start = 1, finish = 3, fuel = 5
 输出:4
 解释:以下为所有可能路径,每一条都用了 5 单位的汽油:
 1 -> 3
 1 -> 2 -> 3
 1 -> 4 -> 3
 1 -> 4 -> 2 -> 3
 示例 2:
 输入:locations = [4,3,1], start = 1, finish = 0, fuel = 6
 输出:5
 解释:以下为所有可能的路径:
 1 -> 0,使用汽油量为 fuel = 1
 1 -> 2 -> 0,使用汽油量为 fuel = 5
 1 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0,使用汽油量为 fuel = 5
 1 -> 0 -> 1 -> 0,使用汽油量为 fuel = 3
 1 -> 0 -> 1 -> 0 -> 1 -> 0,使用汽油量为 fuel = 5
 示例 3:
 输入:locations = [5,2,1], start = 0, finish = 2, fuel = 3
 输出:0
 解释:没有办法只用 3 单位的汽油从 0 到达 2 。因为最短路径需要 4 单位的汽油。
 提示:
 2 <= locations.length <= 100
 1 <= locations[i] <= 109
 所有 locations 中的整数 互不相同 。
 0 <= start, finish < locations.length
 1 <= fuel <= 200
动态规划
令n = locations.length
动态规划的状态表示
dp[l][f] 表示 使用f单位的汽油,终点是l的可行路径数。状态数共:nm,故空间复杂度:O(nm)。
动态规划的转移方程
通过前置条件转移后置条件。
 枚举符合以下条件的l1:
 l1!=l
 f1 = |loc[l1]-[l]| + f <= fuel。
 dp[l1][[f1] += dp[l][f]
 时间复杂度: O(nnm)
动态规划的填表顺序
f从小到大,确保动态规划的无后效性。
动态规划的初始状态
dp[start][0] =1 ,其它全部为0。
动态规划的返回值
dp[finish]之和
代码
核心代码
template<int MOD = 1000000007>
class C1097Int
{
public:C1097Int(long long llData = 0) :m_iData(llData% MOD){}C1097Int  operator+(const C1097Int& o)const{return C1097Int(((long long)m_iData + o.m_iData) % MOD);}C1097Int& operator+=(const C1097Int& o){m_iData = ((long long)m_iData + o.m_iData) % MOD;return *this;}C1097Int& operator-=(const C1097Int& o){m_iData = (m_iData + MOD - o.m_iData) % MOD;return *this;}C1097Int  operator-(const C1097Int& o){return C1097Int((m_iData + MOD - o.m_iData) % MOD);}C1097Int  operator*(const C1097Int& o)const{return((long long)m_iData * o.m_iData) % MOD;}C1097Int& operator*=(const C1097Int& o){m_iData = ((long long)m_iData * o.m_iData) % MOD;return *this;}bool operator<(const C1097Int& o)const{return m_iData < o.m_iData;}C1097Int pow(long long n)const{C1097Int iRet = 1, iCur = *this;while (n){if (n & 1){iRet *= iCur;}iCur *= iCur;n >>= 1;}return iRet;}C1097Int PowNegative1()const{return pow(MOD - 2);}int ToInt()const{return m_iData;}
private:int m_iData = 0;;
};class Solution {
public:int countRoutes(vector<int>& locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {const int n = locations.size();vector<vector<C1097Int<> >> dp(n, vector<C1097Int<>>(fuel + 1));dp[start][0] = 1;for (int f = 0; f < fuel; f++){for (int l = 0; l < n; l++){for (int l1 = 0; l1 < n; l1++){if (l1 == l){continue;}int f1 = f + abs(locations[l1] - locations[l]);if (f1 <= fuel){dp[l1][f1] += dp[l][f];}}}}return std::accumulate(dp[finish].begin(), dp[finish].end(), C1097Int()).ToInt();}
};
测试用例
template<class T>
void Assert(const T& t1, const T& t2)
{assert(t1 == t2);
}template<class T>
void Assert(const vector<T>& v1, const vector<T>& v2)
{if (v1.size() != v2.size()){assert(false);return;}for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++){Assert(v1[i], v2[i]);}}int main()
{	vector<int> locations;int start,  finish,  fuel;{Solution sln;locations = { 2, 3, 6, 8, 4 }, start = 1, finish = 3, fuel = 5;auto res = sln.countRoutes(locations, start, finish, fuel);Assert(4, res);}{Solution sln;locations = { 4, 3, 1 }, start = 1, finish = 0, fuel = 6;auto res = sln.countRoutes(locations, start, finish, fuel);Assert(5, res);}{Solution sln;locations = { 5, 2, 1 }, start = 0, finish = 2, fuel = 3;auto res = sln.countRoutes(locations, start, finish, fuel);Assert(0, res);}
}
小幅优化
排序后,向右(左)第一个油量不够的城市就停止。
class Solution {
public:int countRoutes(vector<int>& locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {const int n = locations.size();const int startLoc = locations[start];const int finishLoc = locations[finish];sort(locations.begin(), locations.end());start = std::find(locations.begin(), locations.end(), startLoc)- locations.begin();finish = std::find(locations.begin(), locations.end(), finishLoc) - locations.begin();vector<vector<C1097Int<> >> dp(n, vector<C1097Int<>>(fuel + 1));dp[start][0] = 1;for (int f = 0; f < fuel; f++){for (int l = 0; l < n; l++){int use = 0;for (int l1 = l+1 ;(l1 < n )&&( f + (use = locations[l1] - locations[l]) <= fuel); l1++){dp[l1][f+use] += dp[l][f];					}for (int l1 = l - 1; (l1 >= 0 ) && (f + (use = locations[l] - locations[l1]) <= fuel); l1--){dp[l1][f + use] += dp[l][f];}}}return std::accumulate(dp[finish].begin(), dp[finish].end(), C1097Int()).ToInt();}
};
再次优化
填表顺序,还是从使用汽油少的到使用汽油多的。
 前一个位置可能在当前位置的左边,也可能是右边。不失一般性,只讨论从左边过来。
 假定当前使用汽油是f,位置是l。前一站使用的汽油是f1,位置是l1。则
 行驶的路径等于消耗的汽油  → \rightarrow → f-f1= l - l1  → \rightarrow → f-l = f1-l1 性质一
 符合性质一的状态分以下三类:
 一,使用汽油比当前使用的汽油少。此状态就是本状态的前置状态。
 二,使用汽油和当前状态使用的汽油一样,就是本状态。
 三,使用汽油比当前汽油多,还没有更新。
 结论: 符合性质一的状态路径和,就是本状态的路径和。
 从右边来,类似:
 f-f1=l1-l  → \rightarrow → f+l==f1+l1 性质二
 m1,记录性质一;m2 记录性质二。
 时间复杂度:将为O(nfuel)。
class Solution {
public:int countRoutes(vector<int>& locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {const int n = locations.size();vector<vector<C1097Int<> >> dp(n, vector<C1097Int<>>(fuel + 1));unordered_map<int, C1097Int<>> m1,m2;dp[start][0] = 1;m1[0 - locations[start]] +=1 ;m2[0 + locations[start]] += 1;for (int f = 1; f <= fuel; f++){for (int l = 0; l < n; l++){dp[l][f] = m1[f- locations[l]]+ m2[f + locations[l]];m1[f - locations[l]] += dp[l][f];m2[f + locations[l]] += dp[l][f];}}return std::accumulate(dp[finish].begin(), dp[finish].end(), C1097Int()).ToInt();}
};
2023年2月第一版
class C1097Int
 {
 public:
 C1097Int(int iData = 0) :m_iData(iData)
 { 
 }
 C1097Int operator+(const C1097Int& o)const
 {
 return C1097Int((m_iData + o.m_iData) % s_iMod);
 }
 C1097Int& operator+=(const C1097Int& o)
 {
 m_iData = (m_iData + o.m_iData) % s_iMod;
 return this;
 }
 C1097Int operator(const C1097Int& o)const
 {
 return((long long)m_iData o.m_iData) % s_iMod;
 }
 C1097Int& operator=(const C1097Int& o)
 {
 m_iData =((long long)m_iData *o.m_iData) % s_iMod;
 return *this;
 }
 int ToInt()const
 {
 return m_iData;
 }
 private:
 int m_iData = 0;;
 static const int s_iMod = 1000000007;
 };
int operator+(int iData, const C1097Int& int1097)
 {
 int iRet = int1097.operator+(C1097Int(iData)).ToInt();
 return iRet;
 }
int& operator+=(int& iData, const C1097Int& int1097)
 {
 iData = int1097.operator+(C1097Int(iData)).ToInt();
 return iData;
 }
class Solution {
 public:
 int countRoutes(vector& locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {
 m_c = locations.size();
 vector<vector> vFuelPos(fuel + 1, vector(m_c));
 vFuelPos[fuel][start] = 1;
 for (int iCurFuel = fuel-1; iCurFuel >= 0; iCurFuel–)
 {
 for (int iPos = 0; iPos < m_c; iPos++)
 {
 for (int iPrePos = 0; iPrePos < m_c; iPrePos++)
 {
 if (iPrePos == iPos)
 {
 continue;
 }
 const int iNeedFuel = iCurFuel + abs(locations[iPos] - locations[iPrePos]);
 if (iNeedFuel <= fuel)
 {
 vFuelPos[iCurFuel][iPos] += vFuelPos[iNeedFuel][iPrePos];
 }
 }
 }
 } 
 C1097Int iNum = 0;
 for (int iCurFuel = fuel ; iCurFuel >= 0; iCurFuel–)
 {
 iNum += vFuelPos[iCurFuel][finish];
 }
 return iNum.ToInt();
 }
 int m_c;
 };
2023年9月版
class Solution {
 public:
 int countRoutes(vector& locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {
 m_c = locations.size();
 int startValue = locations[start], finishValue = locations[finish];
 std::sort(locations.begin(), locations.end());
 start = std::lower_bound(locations.begin(), locations.end(), startValue) - locations.begin();
 finish = std::lower_bound(locations.begin(), locations.end(), finishValue) - locations.begin();
 m_vLeft.assign(m_c, vector<C1097Int<>>(fuel + 1));
 m_vRight = m_vLeft;
 int iRemain;
 if ((start+1 < m_c)&&(( iRemain = fuel - locations[start+1]+ locations[start ]) >=0 ))
 {
 m_vRight[start+1][iRemain] = 1;
 }
 if ((start > 0) && ((iRemain = fuel - locations[start] + locations[start - 1]) >= 0))
 {
 m_vLeft[start-1][iRemain] = 1;
 } 
 for (int iFuel = fuel-1; iFuel > 0; iFuel–)
 {
 for (int city = 0; city < m_c; city++)
 {
 RightMoveRight(iFuel, city, locations);
 RightMoveLeft(iFuel, city, locations);
 LeftMoveRight(iFuel, city, locations);
 LeftMoveLeft(iFuel, city, locations);
 }
 }
 C1097Int<> biRet = 0;
 for (int iFuel = fuel; iFuel >= 0; iFuel–)
 {
 biRet += m_vLeft[finish][iFuel];
 biRet += m_vRight[finish][iFuel];
 }
 if (start == finish)
 {
 biRet += 1;
 }
 return biRet.ToInt();
 }
 void RightMoveRight(int iFuel, int city, const vector& loc)
 {
 if (city + 1 >= m_c)
 {
 return;
 }
 const int iNeedFuel = loc[city + 1] - loc[city];
 if (iNeedFuel > iFuel)
 {
 return;
 }
 m_vRight[city + 1][iFuel - iNeedFuel] += m_vRight[city][iFuel] * 2;
 }
 void RightMoveLeft(int iFuel, int city, const vector& loc)
 {
 if (0 == city)
 {
 return;
 }
 const int iNeedFuel = loc[city] - loc[city - 1];
 if (iNeedFuel > iFuel)
 {
 return;
 }
 m_vLeft[city - 1][iFuel - iNeedFuel] += m_vRight[city][iFuel];
 }
 void LeftMoveRight(int iFuel, int city, const vector& loc)
 {
 if (city + 1 >= m_c)
 {
 return;
 }
 const int iNeedFuel = loc[city + 1] - loc[city];
 if (iNeedFuel > iFuel)
 {
 return;
 }
 m_vRight[city + 1][iFuel - iNeedFuel] += m_vLeft[city][iFuel];
 }
 void LeftMoveLeft(int iFuel, int city, const vector& loc)
 {
 if (0 == city)
 {
 return;
 }
 const int iNeedFuel = loc[city] - loc[city - 1];
 if (iNeedFuel > iFuel)
 {
 return;
 }
 m_vLeft[city - 1][iFuel - iNeedFuel] += m_vLeft[city][iFuel] * 2;
 }
 vector<vector<C1097Int<>>> m_vLeft, m_vRight;
 int m_c;
 };
 
扩展阅读
视频课程
有效学习:明确的目
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 https://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/38771
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相关下载
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| 我想对大家说的话 | 
|---|
| 闻缺陷则喜是一个美好的愿望,早发现问题,早修改问题,给老板节约钱。 | 
| 子墨子言之:事无终始,无务多业。也就是我们常说的专业的人做专业的事。 | 
| 如果程序是一条龙,那算法就是他的是睛 | 
测试环境
操作系统:win7 开发环境: VS2019 C++17
 或者 操作系统:win10 开发环境: VS2022 C++17
 如无特殊说明,本算法用**C++**实现。
