Java番外篇2——jdk8新特性
1、Lambda
1.1、无参无返回值
public class Test {interface Print{void print();}public static void main(String[] args) {
// Print print=new Print() {
// @Override
// public void print() {
// System.out.println("hello word!");
// }
// };Print print=()-> System.out.println("hello word!");print.print();}
}
1.2、一个参数无返回值
public class Test {interface Print{void print(String str);}public static void main(String[] args) {
// Print print=new Print() {
// @Override
// public void print(String str) {
// System.out.println("hello word! "+str);
// }
// };Print print=str-> System.out.println("hello word! "+str);print.print("ruoye");}
}
1.3、多个参数无返回值
public class Test {interface Print{void print(String str,String str1);}public static void main(String[] args) {
// Print print=new Print() {
// @Override
// public void print(String str,String str1); {
// System.out.println("hello word! "+str+str1);
// }
// };Print print=(str,str1)-> System.out.println("hello word! "+str+str1);print.print("ruoye","yoya");}
}
1.4、多个参数有返回值(单句)
public class Test {interface Print{String print(String str,String str1);}public static void main(String[] args) {Print print=(str,str1)-> str+str1;System.out.println(print.print("ruoye", "yoya"));}
}
1.4、多个参数有返回值(多句)
public class Test {interface Print{String print(String str,String str1);}public static void main(String[] args) {Print print=(str,str1)-> {System.out.println("hello word! "+str+str1);return str+str1;};System.out.println(print.print("ruoye", "yoya"));}
}
2、函数式接口(@FunctionalInterface)
- 该注解只能标记在"有且仅有一个抽象方法"的接口上
- JDK8接口中可以定义静态方法和默认方法(方法默认实现default),都不算是抽象方法
public class Test {@FunctionalInterfaceinterface Print{String print(String str,String str1);}public static void main(String[] args) {Print print=(str,str1)-> {System.out.println("hello word! "+str+str1);return str+str1;};System.out.println(print.print("ruoye", "yoya"));}
}
3、接口调整
方便接口扩展
jdk8之前接口只能有静态常量和抽象方法
jdk8后接口可以有默认方法和静态方法
public interface Print{public static void aaa(){System.out.println("aaa");}public default void bbb(){System.out.println("bbb");}String print(String str,String str1);
}
4、方法引用
::
5、Stream(流水线)
- 集合遍历有弊端
- 筛选
- 切片
- 映射
- 查找
- 去重
- 统计
- 匹配
- 归约
特性
-
Stream只能操作一次
-
Stream方法返回的是新的流
-
Stream不调用终结方法,中间的操作不会执行
5.1、Stream的获取
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {//集合List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");Stream<String> stream = strings.stream();//数组String[] strings1={"zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu"};Stream<String> stream1 = Stream.of(strings1);//map可以通过获取键集合,值集合,从而获得流}
}
5.2、常用方法
方法声明 | 功能介绍 | 返回值 | 方法类型 |
---|---|---|---|
count | 统计个数 | long | 终结 |
forEach | 逐一处理 | void | 终结 |
filter | 过滤 | Stream | 函数拼接 |
limit | 取用前几个 | Stream | 函数拼接 |
skip | 跳过前几个 | Stream | 函数拼接 |
map | 映射 | Stream | 函数拼接 |
concat | 组合 | Stream | 函数拼接 |
5.3、forEach
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");strings.stream().forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.4、count
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");System.out.println(strings.stream().count());}
}
5.5、filter
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");strings.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("z")).forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.6、limit
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");strings.stream().limit(1).forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.7、skip
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");strings.stream().skip(1).forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.8、map
完成数据转换、处理
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");strings.stream().map(s->s+="yoya").forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.9、sorted
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu");strings.stream().sorted().forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.10、distinct
Stream流中的distinct方法对于基本数据类型是可以直接出重的,但是对于自定义类型,需要重写hashCode和equals方法来移除重复元素
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu","zhangsan");strings.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.11、match
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu","zhangsan");System.out.println(strings.stream().anyMatch(s -> s.startsWith("z")));}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu","zhangsan");System.out.println(strings.stream().allMatch(s -> s.startsWith("z")));}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu","zhangsan");System.out.println(strings.stream().noneMatch(s -> s.startsWith("z")));}
}
5.12、find
findfirst返回第一个元素
findany返回随机一个元素
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu","zhangsan");Optional<String> z = strings.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("z")).findAny();System.out.println(z.get());}
}
5.13、max,min
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu","zhangsan");Optional<String> max = strings.stream().max((s1, s2) -> {return s1.compareTo(s2);});System.out.println(max.get());}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu","zhangsan");Optional<String> max = strings.stream().min((s1, s2) -> {return s1.compareTo(s2);});System.out.println(max.get());}
}
5.14、reduce
归约
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Integer reduce = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).reduce(0, (a, b) -> {return a + b;});System.out.println(reduce);}
}
5.15、mapToInt
转为int
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Integer[] integers={1, 2, 3, 4, 5};Stream.of(integers).mapToInt(Integer::intValue).forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.16、concat
合并流
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Integer[] integers={1, 2, 3, 4, 5};Integer[] integers1={6,7,8,9,10};Stream<Integer> concat = Stream.concat(Stream.of(integers), Stream.of(integers1));concat.mapToInt(Integer::intValue).forEach(System.out::println);}
}
5.17、结果收集
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Integer[] integers={1, 2, 3, 4, 5};Integer[] integers1={6,7,8,9,10};Stream<Integer> concat = Stream.concat(Stream.of(integers), Stream.of(integers1));List<Integer> collect = concat.collect(Collectors.toList());System.out.println(collect);}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Integer[] integers={1, 2, 3, 4, 5};Integer[] integers1={6,7,8,9,10};Stream<Integer> concat = Stream.concat(Stream.of(integers), Stream.of(integers1));List<Integer> collect = concat.collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));System.out.println(collect);}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Integer[] integers={1, 2, 3, 4, 5};Integer[] integers1={6,7,8,9,10};Stream<Integer> concat = Stream.concat(Stream.of(integers), Stream.of(integers1));Integer[] integers2 = concat.toArray(Integer[]::new);System.out.println(Arrays.toString(integers2));}
}
5.19、聚合
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "wangwu", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "zhaoliu", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "qianqi", true);Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);Optional<Person> collect = person.collect(Collectors.maxBy((p1, p2) -> {return p1.getId() - p2.getId();}));System.out.println(collect.get());}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "wangwu", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "zhaoliu", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "qianqi", true);Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);Integer collect = person.collect(Collectors.summingInt(p -> p.getId()));System.out.println(collect);}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "wangwu", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "zhaoliu", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "qianqi", true);Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);Double collect = person.collect(Collectors.averagingInt(Person::getId));System.out.println(collect);}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "wangwu", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "zhaoliu", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "qianqi", true);Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);Long collect = person.collect(Collectors.counting());System.out.println(collect);}
}
5.20、分组
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "zhangsan", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "lisi", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "zhangsan", true);
// Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);
// Map<String, List<Person>> collect = person
// .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(person5 -> person5.getName()));
// System.out.println(collect);// Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);
// Map<String, List<Person>> collect = person
// .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(person5 -> person5.isGender()?"男":"女"));
// System.out.println(collect);Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);Map<String, Map<String, List<Person>>> collect = person.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(person5 -> person5.getName(), Collectors.groupingBy(person5 -> person5.isGender() ? "男" : "女")));System.out.println(collect);}
}
5.21、分区
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "zhangsan", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "lisi", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "zhangsan", true);Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);Map<Boolean, List<Person>> collect = person.collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(person5 -> person5.isGender()));System.out.println(collect);}
}
5.22、joining
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "zhangsan", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "lisi", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "zhangsan", true);// Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);
// String collect = person
// .map(person5 -> person5.getName())
// .collect(Collectors.joining());
// System.out.println(collect);
//
// Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);
// String collect = person
// .map(person5 -> person5.getName())
// .collect(Collectors.joining("_"));
// System.out.println(collect);Stream<Person> person = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4);String collect = person.map(person5 -> person5.getName()).collect(Collectors.joining("_","###","$$$"));System.out.println(collect);}
}
5.23、并行流
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person0 = new Person(1, "zhangsan", true);Person person1 = new Person(2, "lisi", true);Person person2 = new Person(3, "zhangsan", false);Person person3 = new Person(4, "lisi", true);Person person4 = new Person(5, "zhangsan", true);Stream<Person> person01 = Stream.of(person0, person1, person2, person3, person4).parallel();person01.map(s->{System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"==="+s);return s;}).forEach(System.out::println);}
}
并行流出现问题可尝试使用同步代码块
6、日期
- 设计不合理,在java.util和java.sql的包中都有日期类,java.util.Date同时包含日期和时间的,而 java.sql.Date仅仅包含日期,此外用于格式化和解析的类在java.text包下
- 非线程安全,java.util.Date是非线程安全的,所有的日期类都是可变的,这是java日期类最大的问 题之一
- 时区处理麻烦,日期类并不提供国际化,没有时区支持
JDK 8中增加了一套全新的日期时间API,这套API设计合理,是线程安全(每次都返回新对象)的,新的日期及时间API位于java.time包
- LocalDate :表示日期,包含年月日,格式为 2019-10-16
- LocalTime :表示时间,包含时分秒,格式为 16:38:54.158549300
- LocalDateTime :表示日期时间,包含年月日,时分秒,格式为 2018-09-06T15:33:56.750
- DateTimeFormatter :日期时间格式化类
- Instant:时间戳,表示一个特定的时间瞬间
- Duration:用于计算2个时间(LocalTime,时分秒)的距离
- Period:用于计算2个日期(LocalDate,年月日)的距离
- ZonedDateTime :包含时区的时间
6.1、LocalDate
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {//指定日期创建LocalDate localDate=LocalDate.of(2020,10,19);System.out.println(localDate);//当前日期创建System.out.println(LocalDate.now());//更改日期LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.withMonth(11);System.out.println(localDate1);//日期增减(plus,minus)LocalDate localDate2 = localDate1.plusDays(1);System.out.println(localDate2);//日期比较System.out.println(localDate.isAfter(localDate1));System.out.println(localDate.isBefore(localDate1));}
}
6.2、LocalTime
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {//指定时间创建LocalTime localTime=LocalTime.of(10,19,0,123);System.out.println(localTime);//当前时间创建System.out.println(LocalTime.now());//时间更改LocalTime localTime1 = localTime.withHour(11);System.out.println(localTime1);//时间增减(plus,minus)LocalTime localTime2 = localTime1.plusHours(1);System.out.println(localTime2);//时间比较同上}
}
6.3、LocalDateTime
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();LocalTime now1 = LocalTime.now();LocalDateTime now2 = LocalDateTime.now();System.out.println(LocalDateTime.of(now,now1));System.out.println(now2);//同样有设置、增减、比较}
}
6.4、DateTimeFormatter
日期时间格式化与解析
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter=DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");System.out.println(dateTimeFormatter.format(now));String str="2021-07-16 11:03:00";LocalDateTime parse = LocalDateTime.parse(str, dateTimeFormatter);System.out.println(parse);}
}
6.5、Instant
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Instant instant=Instant.now();System.out.println(instant.getNano());}
}
6.6、Duration、Period
Duration:时间差
Period:日期差
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Duration duration = Duration.between(LocalTime.now(), LocalTime.of(12, 0, 0, 0));System.out.println(duration.toHours());System.out.println(duration.toMinutes());System.out.println(duration.toMillis());}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {Period period = Period.between(LocalDate.now(), LocalDate.of(2022, 5, 2));System.out.println(period.getDays());System.out.println(period.getMonths());System.out.println(period.getYears());}
}
6.7、时区
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {//所有时区for (String availableZoneId : ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds()) {System.out.println(availableZoneId);}//获取标准时间ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime=ZonedDateTime.now(Clock.systemUTC());System.out.println(zonedDateTime);//获取默认时区时间ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime1=ZonedDateTime.now();System.out.println(zonedDateTime1);//获取指定时区世家ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime2=ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("America/Cuiaba"));System.out.println(zonedDateTime2);}
}
7、@Repeatable
允许重复注解
8、@Target属性
ElementType.TYPE_PARAMETER:允许注解写在声明语句中
ElementType.TYPE_USE:任何定义的地方都可以用