简介
WSAEventSelect 模型也是 WinSock 中最常见的异步 I/O 模型。
这篇文章我们就来看看如何使用 WSAEventSelect api 来实现一个简单的 TCP 服务器.
API 基础
WSAEventSelect
WSAEventSelect 用来把一个 SOCKET 对象和一个 WSAEVENT 对象关联起来。 lNetworkEvents 表示我们关心的 FD_XXX 网络事件. 如果关心多个 SOCKET 事件,可以使用 OR 的方式指定多个 FD_XXX 标志。
int WSAAPI WSAEventSelect(SOCKET s,WSAEVENT hEventObject,long lNetworkEvents
);
当特定的事件发生在相应的 SOCKET 上,该 SOCKET 上接下来的事件将会被阻塞,直到当前的事件被应用处理. 该事件被处理之后,接下来的事件将可以被进一步触发.
事件 | 处理函数 |
---|---|
FD_READ | recv, recvFrom, WSARecv, WSARecvEx, WSARecvFrom |
FD_WRITE | send, sendTo, WSASend, WSASentTo |
FD_OOB | recv, recvFrom, WSARecv, WSARecvEx, WSARecvFrom |
FD_ACCEPT | accept, AcceptEx, WSAAccept |
FD_CONNECT | None |
FD_CLOSE | None |
FD_QOS | WSAIoctl (with SIO_GET_QOS) |
FD_GROUP_QOS | Reserved |
FD_ROUTINE_INTERFACE_CHANGE | WSAIoctl (with SIO_ROUTINE_INTERFACE_CHANGE) |
FD_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE | WSAIoctl (with SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE) |
WSAEvent
WSACreateEvent 方法用来创建一个 WSAEvent 对象
WSAEVENT WSAAPI WSACreateEvent();
WSAWaitForMultipleEvents 用于等待一组事件中的一个或全部被触发。
DWORD WSAAPI WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(DWORD cEvents,const WSAEVENT *lphEvents,BOOL fWaitAll,DWORD dwTimeout,BOOL fAlertable
);
- cEvents:指定 lphEvents 数组中事件对象的数量。 该参数的最大值是 WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS (64)
- lphEvents:事件对象的集合
- fWaitAll: 指定等待 lphEvents 中所有事件被触发或者其中之一被触发。 如果指定为 TRUE, 那么该函数只有在所有事件对象都被触发之后才会返回。 如果指定为 FALSE, 当事件集合中任何一个事件被触发之后,该方法就会返回。如果在这种情况下有多个事件对象被触发,那个返回值将会返回该事件集合中索引值最小的索引值. 索引值减去 WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0 便是指向 lphEvents 中被触发的事件的索引值.
- dwTimeout: 如果在 timeout 事件间隔内,没有事件被触发,函数不会一直阻塞,而是在等待 timeout 毫秒后返回。 指定该参数为 WSA_INFINITE, 该函数会一直等待,直到有事件被触发. 指定该参数为 0, 该函数会立即返回.
- fAlertable: 略
WSAEnumNetworkEvents 用于查询当前 SOCKET 上触发事件对象 hEventObject 的对应 socket 事件(FD_READ, FD_WRITE 等).
int WSAAPI WSAEnumNetworkEvents(SOCKET s,WSAEVENT hEventObject,LPWSANETWORKEVENTS lpNetworkEvents
);
实现思路
- 创建一个 socket 作为监听 socket
- 使用 WSAEventSelect 监听该 SOCKET 上的网络事件
- 使用 WSAWaitForMultipleEvents 等待 SOCKET 事件
- 当 SOCKET 上有事件被触发,使用 WSAEnumNetworkEvents 查询具体的 SOCKET 事件,并使用相应的 API 处理事件.
- 当有新的 SOCKET 连接到来,接收该连接,重复 2-4 步骤.
实例
接下来我们通过一个实例来看看如何实现.
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")#define PORT 8080
#define DATA_BUFSIZE 8192typedef struct _SOCKET_CONTEXT {CHAR Buffer[DATA_BUFSIZE];WSABUF DataBuf;SOCKET Socket;DWORD BytesSEND;DWORD BytesRECV;
} SOCKET_CONTEXT, * LPSOCKET_CONTEXT;BOOL CreateSocketInformation(SOCKET s);
void FreeSocketInformation(DWORD Event);// 这里我们维护了如下数据结构:
// EeventArray: 我们为每个 SOCKET 对象创建一个对应的事件对象,以便我们能监听该 SOCKET 上的网络事件
// SocketArray: 毫无疑问,我们也需要维护所有SOCKET连接的的数组。其中包含 Listen SocketDWORD EventTotal = 0;
WSAEVENT EventArray[WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS];
LPSOCKET_CONTEXT SocketArray[WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS];int main() {SOCKET ListenSocket;SOCKET AcceptSocket;SOCKADDR_IN Addr;LPSOCKET_CONTEXT SocketContext;WSANETWORKEVENTS NetworkEvents;DWORD Event;WSADATA wsaData;DWORD Flags;DWORD RecvBytes;DWORD SendBytes;// 初始化 Listen Socket 对象if (WSAStartup(0x0202, &wsaData) != 0) {printf("WSAStartup() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}if ((ListenSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == INVALID_SOCKET) {printf("socket() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}if (CreateSocketInformation(ListenSocket) == FALSE) {printf("CreateSocketInformation() failed!\n");return 1;}// 在调用 listen api 之前,我们需要使用 WSAEventSelect 需要将 ListenSocket 与一个 WSAEvent 对象关联起来,这里我们仅仅关系 FD_ACCEPT 和 FS_CLOSE 事件.// 当这两个事件之一被触发,我们编译可以从 EventArray[0] 上查询到这些实际,以便进行处理if (WSAEventSelect(ListenSocket, EventArray[EventTotal - 1], FD_ACCEPT | FD_CLOSE) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("WSAEventSelect() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}Addr.sin_family = AF_INET;Addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);Addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);if (bind(ListenSocket, (PSOCKADDR) &Addr, sizeof(Addr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("bind() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}if (listen(ListenSocket, 10)) {printf("listen() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}while(TRUE) {// 等待当前所有 socket 上的网络事件被触发//// 这里我们 fWait = FALSE, 也就是说任何一个 SOCKET 上有网络之间,// 我们便停止等待,开始处理该事件//// dwTimeout = WSA_INFINITE, 如果没有网络事件发生,我们就一直等待,// 直到有网络事件发生//// 这里 EventTotal 会随着客户端连接的到来增加,同时我们会创建对应的 Event对象,// 并放入 EventArrayif ((Event = WSAWaitForMultipleWSAWaitForEvents(EventTotal, EventArray, FALSE, WSA_INFINITE, FALSE)) == WSA_WAIT_FAILED) {printf("WSAWaitForMultipleEvents() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}// 程序运行到这里,已经有网络事件发生了,我们使用WSAEnumNetworkEvents 查询到底是什么网络事件, // 查询结果保存在 NetworkEvents 对象上// 注意,在 API 章节我们已经说明,WSAWaitForMultipleWSAWaitForEvents 的返回值减去 WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0 才是对应的 EventArray 中被触发的事件的索引值if (WSAEnumNetworkEvents(SocketArray[Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0]->Socket,EventArray[Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0], &NetworkEvents) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("WSAEnumNetworkEvents() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}// 检查当前事件是否是 FD_ACCEPT// 如果是 FD_ACCEPT事件,使用 accept 接收新的连接。if (NetworkEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_ACCEPT) {if (NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_ACCEPT_BIT] != 0) {printf("FD_ACCEPT failed with error %d\n", NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_ACCEPT_BIT]);break;}if ((AcceptSocket = accept(SocketArray[Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0]->Socket, NULL, NULL)) == INVALID_SOCKET) {printf("accept() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());break;}if (EventTotal > WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS) {printf("Too many connections - closing socket...\n");closesocket(AcceptSocket);break;}// 接收新的连接之后,为该 SOCKET 创建 WSAEvent对象(在CreateSocketInformation 实现)// 然后监听该 SOCKET 的 FD_READ, FD_WRITE, FD_CLOSE 事件CreateSocketInformation(AcceptSocket);if (WSAEventSelect(AcceptSocket, EventArray[EventTotal - 1], FD_READ|FD_WRITE|FD_CLOSE) == SOCKET_ERROR) {printf("WSAEventSelect() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return 1;}printf("Socket %d got connected...\n", AcceptSocket);}// 检查当前事件是否是 FD_READ 或者 FD_WRITEif (NetworkEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ || NetworkEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_WRITE) {// 检查是不是发生了读错误if (NetworkEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ && NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_READ_BIT] != 0) {printf("FD_READ failed with error %d\n", NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_READ_BIT]);break;}// 检查是不是发生了写错误if (NetworkEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_WRITE && NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_WRITE_BIT] != 0) {printf("FD_WRITE failed with error %d\n", NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_WRITE_BIT]);break;}SocketContext = SocketArray[Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0];// Read data only if the receive buffer is emptyif (SocketContext->BytesRECV == 0) {SocketContext->DataBuf.buf = SocketContext->Buffer;SocketContext->DataBuf.len = DATA_BUFSIZE;Flags = 0;if (WSARecv(SocketContext->Socket, &(SocketContext->DataBuf), 1, &RecvBytes, &Flags, NULL, NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) {if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {printf("WSARecv() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());FreeSocketInformation(Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0);return 1;}} else {printf("WSARecv() is working!\n");SocketContext->BytesRECV = RecvBytes;}}if (SocketContext->BytesRECV > SocketContext->BytesSEND) {SocketContext->DataBuf.buf = SocketContext->Buffer + SocketContext->BytesSEND;SocketContext->DataBuf.len = SocketContext->BytesRECV - SocketContext->BytesSEND;if (WSASend(SocketContext->Socket, &(SocketContext->DataBuf), 1, &SendBytes, 0, NULL, NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) {if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {printf("WSASend() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());FreeSocketInformation(Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0);return 1;}// A WSAEWOULDBLOCK error has occurred. An FD_WRITE event will be posted// when more buffer space becomes available} else {printf("WSASend() is fine! Thank you...\n");SocketContext->BytesSEND += SendBytes;if (SocketContext->BytesSEND == SocketContext->BytesRECV) {SocketContext->BytesSEND = 0;SocketContext->BytesRECV = 0;}}}}// 检查当前事件是否是 FD_CLOSEif (NetworkEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_CLOSE) {// 检查是否发生了错误if (NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_CLOSE_BIT] != 0) {printf("FD_CLOSE failed with error %d\n", NetworkEvents.iErrorCode[FD_CLOSE_BIT]);break;} else {// socket 正常关闭printf("FD_CLOSE is OK!\n");}printf("Closing socket information %d\n", SocketArray[Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0]->Socket);FreeSocketInformation(Event - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0);}}return 0;
}BOOL CreateSocketInformation(SOCKET s) {LPSOCKET_CONTEXT SocketContext;if ((EventArray[EventTotal] = WSACreateEvent()) == WSA_INVALID_EVENT) {printf("WSACreateEvent() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());return FALSE;}if ((SocketContext = (LPSOCKET_CONTEXT) GlobalAlloc(GPTR, sizeof(SOCKET_CONTEXT))) == NULL) {printf("GlobalAlloc() failed with error %d\n", GetLastError());return FALSE;}// Prepare SocketInfo structure for useSocketContext->Socket = s;SocketContext->BytesSEND = 0;SocketContext->BytesRECV = 0;SocketArray[EventTotal] = SocketContext;EventTotal++;return TRUE;
}void FreeSocketInformation(DWORD Event) {LPSOCKET_CONTEXT SocketContext = SocketArray[Event];DWORD i;closesocket(SocketContext->Socket);GlobalFree(SocketContext);if(WSACloseEvent(EventArray[Event]) == TRUE) {printf("WSACloseEvent() is OK!\n\n");}// Squash the socket and event arraysfor (i = Event; i < EventTotal; i++) {EventArray[i] = EventArray[i + 1];SocketArray[i] = SocketArray[i + 1];}EventTotal--;
}
END!!!