
- javax.naming
- javax.naming.directory
- javax.naming.event
- javax.naming.ldap
- javax.naming.spi
图中所列的一些SPI可从http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/downloads/index.html下载.

- LDAP(Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)服务提供者
- CORBA COS(Common Object Request Broker Architecture Common Object Services)命名服务提供者
- RMI(Java Remote Method Invocation)注册服务提供者
- DNS(Domain Name System)服务提供者.
- FSSP(File System Service Provider)文件系统服务提供者
- 其它服务提供者
下面通过一个示例程序来说明JNDI工作原理(代码为自解释).
/** Created on 2005-3-4** To change the template for this generated file go to* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments*/package com.sily.jndi;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.util.Properties;import javax.naming.Context;import javax.naming.InitialContext;/*** @author shizy** To change the template for this generated type comment go to* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments*/public class TestJbossJNDI {/****/public TestJbossJNDI() {super();// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}public static void main(String[] args) { try {Properties env = new Properties();//载入jboss的SPI相关参数,包括初始上下文工厂,服务URL,等等env.load(new FileInputStream("jbossJndi.properties"));env.list(System.out);//通过JNDI api 初始化上下文InitialContext ctx = new javax.naming.InitialContext(env);System.out.println("Got context");//create a subContextctx.createSubcontext("/sylilzy");ctx.createSubcontext("sylilzy/sily");//rebind a objectctx.rebind("sylilzy/sily/a", "I am sily a!");ctx.rebind("sylilzy/sily/b", "I am sily b!");//lookup contextContext ctx1=(Context)ctx.lookup("sylilzy");Context ctx2=(Context)ctx1.lookup("/sylilzy/sily");ctx2.bind("/sylilzy/g", "this is g");//lookup binded objectObject o;o=ctx1.lookup("sily/a");System.out.println("get object from jndi:"+o);//rename the objectctx2.rename("/sylilzy/g", "g1");o=ctx2.lookup("g1");System.out.println("get object from jndi:"+o);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
结果输出如下:
-- listing properties --
java.naming.factory.initial=org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory
java.naming.provider.url=jnp://localhost:1099
java.naming.factory.url.pkgs=org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces
Got context
get object from jndi:I am sily a!
get object from jndi:this is g
java.naming.factory.initial=org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory
java.naming.factory.url.pkgs=org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces
java.naming.provider.url=jnp://localhost:1099
-----------------------------
/sylilzy/sily
-----------------------------
/sylilzy/sily/b:I am sily b!
/sylilzy/sily/a:I am sily a!
/sylilzy/sily/g1:this is g
-----------------------------
-----------------------------
public class JndiTest {public JndiTest() {super();}public static void main(String[] args) {try {Properties env = new Properties();env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory");env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "file:///d:/works");Context ctx = new InitialContext(env);ctx.createSubcontext("/sylilzy");ctx.createSubcontext("sylilzy/aaa");NamingEnumeration list = ctx.list("/");while (list.hasMore()) {NameClassPair nc = (NameClassPair) list.next();System.out.println(nc);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

总结:
/** Created on 2005-3-4** To change the template for this generated file go to* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments*/package com.sily.jndi;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.util.Properties;import javax.naming.*;import javax.naming.Context;import javax.naming.InitialContext;/*** @author shizy** To change the template for this generated type comment go to* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments*/public class ListJbossJndi {/****/public ListJbossJndi() {super();// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}public static void main(String[] args) {try {Properties env = new Properties();env.load(new FileInputStream("jbossJndi.properties"));//env.list(System.out);Context ctx = new InitialContext(env);listCtx(ctx.lookup("sylilzy"));}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}static void listCtx(Object o){if(!(o instanceof Context))log(":"+o);else {log("\n-----------------------------");try {Context ctx=(Context)o;//log(ctx.getNameInNamespace()+"/:");NamingEnumeration list=ctx.listBindings("");while(list.hasMore()){Binding bind=(Binding)list.next();log("\n/"+ctx.getNameInNamespace()+"/"+bind.getName());listCtx(bind.getObject());}log("\n-----------------------------");}catch (NamingException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}}static void log(Object o){System.out.print(o);}}
摘要:本文详细介绍了JNDI的目录相关内容,并以DNS Service Provider为例进行了示例代码的演示.本文为系列文章的第二篇,JNDI的基础内容请见本系列的第一篇
总述:
目录(Directory)可看作是对命名(Naming)的一个扩充,一个目录对象不仅像命名一样,而且还提供的对属性(Attributes)的操作.由API文档可知,javax.naming.directory.DirContext 类扩展自Context接口,同样,javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext也扩展自 javax.naming.InitialContext,由此也可看出目录操作完全支持命名操作。下面给出一个DNS Service Provider例子以演示有关目录的一些操作:
public class TestDNSJndi { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Properties env = new Properties(); env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "com.sun.jndi.dns.DnsContextFactory"); //此IP一定要为要访问的DNS服务器的IP,可通过网络设置查看 env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "dns://192.168.0.250"); DirContext initContext = new InitialDirContext(env); System.out.println("a:" + initContext); DirContext sinaContext = (DirContext) initContext.lookup("www.sina.com"); System.out.println("b:" + sinaContext); printAttributes("c:", sinaContext.getAttributes("")); //从ctx.getAttributes("www.sina.com")与ctx1.getAttributes("")结果一样 printAttributes("d:", initContext.getAttributes("www.sina.com")); Attributes attrs1 = initContext.getAttributes("www.sina.com", new String[] { "a" }); Attributes attrs2 = initContext.getAttributes("www.163.com", new String[] { "a" }); Attributes attrs3 = sinaContext.getAttributes("", new String[] { "a" }); Attributes attrs4 = initContext.getAttributes("www.baidu.com", new String[] { "a" }); printAttributes("新浪:", attrs1); printAttributes("网易:", attrs2); printAttributes("新浪:", attrs3); printAttributes("百度:", attrs4); System.out.println("nameParse:"+sinaContext.getNameInNamespace()); //list,此方法会导致程序lock [gq:实际能运行,计算时间比较长]listEnumation("list:",initContext.list("")); //----------------------search Attributes matchAttrs = new BasicAttributes(true); matchAttrs.put(new BasicAttribute("a", "61.172.201.13")); NamingEnumeration answer = sinaContext.search("www.sina.com", matchAttrs); printNamingEnumeration("search :", answer); } public static void printAttributes(String tag, Attributes attres) throws Exception { for (NamingEnumeration ae = attres.getAll(); ae.hasMore();) { Attribute attr = (Attribute) ae.next(); System.out.println(tag + "-----------------------------------------------\n" + "attrID: " + attr.getID()); /* Print each value */ NamingEnumeration names = attr.getAll();while( names.hasMore() ){System.out.println( "value: " + names.next() );}} } public static void listEnumation(String tag, NamingEnumeration name)throws Exception { for (; name.hasMore();) { NameClassPair nameClass = (NameClassPair) name.next(); System.out.println(tag + "-----------------------------------------------\nattribute: " + nameClass.getName() + ":" + nameClass.getClassName()); } } public static void printNamingEnumeration(String tag, NamingEnumeration e)throws Exception { for (; e.hasMore();) { Attribute attr = (Attribute) e.next(); System.out.println(tag + "-----------------------------------------------\nattribute: " + attr.getID()); NamingEnumeration names = attr.getAll();while( names.hasMore() ){System.out.println( "value: " + names.next() );}} }
}
上例一个可能运行结果如下:
a:javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext@5ac072
b:com.sun.jndi.dns.DnsContext@14ed9ff
c:-----------------------------------------------
attrID: CNAME
value: us.sina.com.cn.
d:-----------------------------------------------
attrID: CNAME
value: us.sina.com.cn.
新浪:-----------------------------------------------
attrID: A
value: 202.108.33.60
网易:-----------------------------------------------
attrID: A
value: 210.51.213.180
新浪:-----------------------------------------------
attrID: A
value: 202.108.33.60
百度:-----------------------------------------------
attrID: A
value: 61.135.169.125
value: 61.135.169.105
nameParse:www.sina.com.
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--o3cw4h:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--lgbbat1ad8j:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--80akhbyknj4f:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--11b5bs3a9aj6g:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--wgbh1c:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: coop:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: ws:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: mil:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: wf:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--mgbayh7gpa:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: va:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--45brj9c:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: uz:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: uy:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--hlcj6aya9esc7a:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: gg:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--mgberp4a5d4ar:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: gf:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: ge:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: gd:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--p1ai:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: gb:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: ga:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--mgbc0a9azcg:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--hgbk6aj7f53bba:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--kgbechtv:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--kprw13d:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: fr:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: fo:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: fm:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: xn--g6w251d:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: zw:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
attribute: asia:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
list:-----------------------------------------------
......
attribute: xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd:javax.naming.directory.DirContext
Exception in thread "main" javax.naming.OperationNotSupportedExceptionat com.sun.jndi.dns.DnsContext.c_search(DnsContext.java:448)at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.ComponentDirContext.p_search(ComponentDirContext.java:344)at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.PartialCompositeDirContext.search(PartialCompositeDirContext.java:299)at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.PartialCompositeDirContext.search(PartialCompositeDirContext.java:281)at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.PartialCompositeDirContext.search(PartialCompositeDirContext.java:265)at xx.TestDNSJndi.main(TestDNSJndi.java:66)
示例分析:
通过分析代码,我们可以看出我们从DNS服务器获取了指定域名的IP地址,而且可以看出www.sina.com有多个IP.
另外,可以看出从ctx.getAttributes("www.sina.com")得到的结果与ctx1.getAttributes("")结果一样,这便是目录操作的两种模式,这两种模式取得的结果是一样的,这点可以参考API文档(http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/javax/naming/directory/DirContext.html):
There are two basic models of what attributes should be associated with. First, attributes may be directly associated with a DirContext object. In this model, an attribute operation on the named object is roughly...
另外,还有一点需要注意,从ctx.getAttributes()方法返回的Attributes中包含多个Attribute,每个Attribute包含多个values,其它详细内容请参考API文档
最后,代码NamingEnumeration answer = ctx1.search("www.sina.com", matchAttrs);试图对ctx1进行属性查找,但是抛出了异常,查看 DNS Service Provider 的文档可知,DNS Service Provider 没有提供对search方法的支持,大家可用其它的SP来测试此方法,如LDAP SP
总结:
此例只是简单地演示的JNDI的目录操作,对于目录操作的其它高级主题如Search,Search Scope,Count Limit,Composite Names 等没有详细介绍,请参考其它相关文档.