linux内核I2C子系统学习（三）

写设备驱动：

四部曲：

构建i2c_driver
注册i2c_driver
构建i2c_client （第一种方法：注册字符设备驱动、第二种方法：通过板文件的i2c_board_info填充，然后注册）
注销i2c_driver

具体如下：

● 构建i2c_driver

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static struct i2c_driver pca953x_driver = {
                .driver = {
                                    .name= "pca953x",  //名称
                                },
                .id= ID_PCA9555,//id号
                .attach_adapter= pca953x_attach_adapter, //调用适配器连接设备
                .detach_client= pca953x_detach_client,//让设备脱离适配器
        };

● 注册i2c_driver

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static int __init pca953x_init(void)
        {
                return i2c_add_driver(&pca953x_driver);
        }
        module_init(pca953x_init);
执行i2c_add_driver(&pca953x_driver)后，如果内核中已经注册了i2c适配器，则顺序调用这些适配器来连接我们的i2c设备。此过程是通过调用i2c_driver中的attach_adapter方法完成的。具体实现形式如下：
static int pca953x_attach_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
        {
                return i2c_probe(adapter, &addr_data, pca953x_detect);
                /*
                adapter:适配器
                addr_data:地址信息
                pca953x_detect：探测到设备后调用的函数
                */
        }
地址信息addr_data是由下面代码指定的。
        /* Addresses to scan */
        static unsigned short normal_i2c[] = {0x20,0x21,0x22,0x23,0x24,0x25,0x26,0x27,I2C_CLIENT_END};
        I2C_CLIENT_INSMOD;
注意：normal_i2c里的地址必须是你i2c芯片的地址。否则将无法正确探测到设备。而I2C_ CLIENT_INSMOD是一个宏，它会利用normal_i2c构建addr_data。

● 构建i2c_client，并注册字符设备驱动

i2c_probe在探测到目标设备后，后调用pca953x_detect，并把当时的探测地址address作为参数传入。

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static int pca953x_detect(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, int address, int  kind)
        {
                struct i2c_client *new_client;
                struct pca953x_chip *chip; //设备结构体
                int err = 0,result;
                dev_t pca953x_dev=MKDEV(pca953x_major,0);//构建设备号，根据具体情况设定，这里我只考虑了normal_i2c中只有一个地址匹配的情况。主次设备号来源
                if (!i2c_check_functionality(adapter, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA| I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA))//判定适配器能力
                goto exit;
                if (!(chip = kzalloc(sizeof(struct pca953x_chip), GFP_KERNEL))) {
                        err = -ENOMEM;
                        goto exit;
                }
                /****构建i2c-client****/
                chip->client=kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_client),GFP_KERNEL);
                new_client = chip->client;
                i2c_set_clientdata(new_client, chip);
                new_client->addr = address;
                new_client->adapter = adapter;
                new_client->driver = &pca953x_driver;
                new_client->flags = 0;
                strlcpy(new_client->name, "pca953x", I2C_NAME_SIZE);
                if ((err = i2c_attach_client(new_client)))//注册i2c_client
                goto exit_kfree;
                if (err)
                goto exit_detach;
                if(pca953x_major)
                {
                        result=register_chrdev_region(pca953x_dev,1,"pca953x");
                }
                else{
                        result=alloc_chrdev_region(&pca953x_dev,0,1,"pca953x");
                        pca953x_major=MAJOR(pca953x_dev);
                }
                if (result < 0) {
                        printk(KERN_NOTICE "Unable to get pca953x region, error %d/n", result);
                        return result;
                }
                pca953x_setup_cdev(chip,0); //注册字符设备，此处不详解
                return 0;
                exit_detach:
                i2c_detach_client(new_client);
        exit_kfree:
                kfree(chip);
        exit:
                return err;
        }

i2c_check_functionality用来判定设配器的能力，这一点非常重要。你也可以直接查看对应设配器的能力，如

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static const struct i2c_algorithm smbus_algorithm = {
                .smbus_xfer= i801_access,
                .functionality= i801_func,
        };
        static u32 i801_func(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
        {
                        return I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE |
                               I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA |
                               I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK|(isich4 ? I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_HWPEC_CALC : 0);
        }

字符驱动的具体实现

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struct file_operations pca953x_fops = {
                .owner = THIS_MODULE,
                .ioctl= pca953x_ioctl, 
                .open= pca953x_open, 
                .release =pca953x_release, 
        };

字符设备驱动本身没有什么好说的，这里主要想说一下，如何在驱动中调用i2c设配器帮我们完成数据传输。

目前设配器主要支持两种传输方法：smbus_xfer和master_xfer。一般来说，如果设配器支持了master_xfer那么它也可以模拟支持smbus的传输。但如果只实现smbus_xfer，则不支持一些i2c的传输。

int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap,struct i2c_msg *msgs,int num);
int (*smbus_xfer) (struct i2c_adapter *adap, u16 addr,unsigned short flags, char read_write, u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data * data);

master_xfer中的参数设置，和前面的用户空间编程一致。现在只是要在驱动中构建相关的参数然后调用i2c_transfer来完成传输既可。

int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter * adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num)

smbus_xfer中的参数设置及调用方法如下：

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static int pca953x_write_reg(struct pca953x_chip *chip, int reg, uint16_t val)
        {
                int ret;
                ret = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(chip->client, reg << 1, val);
                if (ret < 0) {
                                dev_err(&chip->client->dev, "failed writing register/n");
                                        return -EIO;
                                }
                return 0;
        }

上面函数完成向芯片的地址为reg的寄存器写一个16bit的数据。i2c_smbus_write_word_data的实现如下：

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s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(struct i2c_client *client, u8 command, u16 value)
        {
                union i2c_smbus_data data;
                data.word = value;
                return i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter,client->addr,client->flags,
                 I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA,&data);
        }

从中可以看出smbus传输一个16位数据的方法。其它操作如：字符写、字符读、字读、块操作等，可以参考内核的i2c-core.c中提供的方法。

注释：i2c_client 信息通常在BSP的板文件中通过i2c_board_info 填充，如：

定义一个I2C设备ID为“ad7142_joystick”、地址为0x2C、中断号为IRQ_PF5的i2c_client

static struct i2c_board_info __initdata xxx_i2c_board_info[] = {

{

I2C_BOARD_INFO(“ad7142_joystick”，0x2C)，

.irq = IRQ_PF5，

.........

};

然后注册

i2c_register_board_info(1, i2c_devs1, ARRAY_SIZE(i2c_devs1));

通过这个就完成了i2c_client 的注册

● 注销i2c_driver

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static void __exit pca953x_exit(void)
        {
                i2c_del_driver(&pca953x_driver);
        }
        module_exit(pca953x_exit);

顺序调用内核中注册的适配器来断开我们注册过的i2c设备。此过程通过调用i2c_driver中的attach_adapter方法完成的。具体实现形式如下：

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static int pca953x_detach_client(struct i2c_client *client)
        {
                int err;
                struct pca953x_chip *data;
                if ((err = i2c_detach_client(client)))//断开i2c_client
                return err;
                data=i2c_get_clientdata(client);
                cdev_del(&(data->cdev));
                unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(pca953x_major, 0), 1);
                kfree(data->client);
                kfree(data);
                return 0;
        }