一 、挂载新磁盘

查看磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000c81ed

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/vda1 * 2048 104857566 52427759+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes, 4294967296 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

磁盘/dev/vdb尚有2199GB未分配

查看分区

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 488K 7.8G 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/vda1 ext4 50G 2.0G 45G 5% /

tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0

磁盘/dev/vdb实际并没有挂载

磁盘分区

注意：

# 执行"fdisk /dev/vdb"后，出现"Command (m for help)"提示时，依次输入下面指令

n -> p -> 1 -> 回车 -> 回车 -> w

详情：

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x11e106cf.

WARNING: The size of this disk is 2.2 TB (2199023255552 bytes).

DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes

larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID

partition table format (GPT).

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-4294967295, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4294967294, default 4294967294):

Using default value 4294967294

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 TiB is set

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

说明：

n：添加新分区

p：设为主分区

1: 分区序号

两个回车指是开始和结束的磁盘大小；

w：写入磁盘

格式分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

134217728 inodes, 536870655 blocks

26843532 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560

16384 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,

102400000, 214990848, 512000000

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载磁盘

mkdir /mnt

mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt

确认磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000c81ed

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/vda1 * 2048 104857566 52427759+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes, 4294967296 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x11e106cf

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/vdb1 2048 4294967294 2147482623+ 83 Linux

确认分区

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 492K 7.8G 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/vda1 ext4 50G 2.0G 45G 5% /

tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0

/dev/vdb1 ext4 2.0T 81M 1.9T 1% /mnt

开机启动

echo "/dev/vdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

二 、挂载旧目录

如果你要用来挂载的目录里面并不是空的，那么挂载了文件系统之后，原目录下的东西就会暂时的消失。并不是被覆盖掉，而是暂时的隐藏了起来，等到新分割槽被卸除之后，则原目录原本的内容就会再次出来。

如果要永久挂载已有目录，可以在新硬盘创建文件系统后，先挂载到一个临时目录，然后把要扩展的目录复制到这临时目录，然后删除要扩展的目录，再卸载临时挂载点，重新挂载到要扩展的目录上。举例：

# 比如要扩充 /var

# 在创建好文件系统后 新建临时挂载点 mnt

mkdir /mnt

# 将/dev/sdb1挂载到/mnt下

mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt

# 拷贝/var下的所有内容到新的硬盘

cp -pdr /var/* /mnt

# 删除当前/var目录下的内容

rm -rf /var/*

# 卸载磁盘

umount /dev/vdb1

# 重新挂载磁盘到/var目录

mount /dev/vdb1 /var

# 过程中若提示磁盘忙，使用fuser找出将正在使用磁盘的程序并结束掉；

fuser -m -v /var

fuser -m -v -i -k /var

# 开机启动

echo "/dev/vdb1 /var ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab