Hibernate 出现这样的错误是因为表中的字段名使用了sql的保留字，不要使用保留字
一、mysql的保留字主要有：
| ADD | ALL | ALTER |
| ANALYZE | AND | AS |
| ASC | ASENSITIVE | BEFORE |
| BETWEEN | BIGINT | BINARY |
| BLOB | BOTH | BY |
| CALL | CASCADE | CASE |
| CHANGE | CHAR | CHARACTER |
| CHECK | COLLATE | COLUMN |
| CONDITION | CONNECTION | CONSTRAINT |
| CONTINUE | CONVERT | CREATE |
| CROSS | CURRENT_DATE | CURRENT_TIME |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR |
| DATABASE | DATABASES | DAY_HOUR |
| DAY_MICROSECOND | DAY_MINUTE | DAY_SECOND |
| DEC | DECIMAL | DECLARE |
| DEFAULT | DELAYED | DELETE |
| DESC | DESCRIBE | DETERMINISTIC |
| DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW | DIV |
| DOUBLE | DROP | DUAL |
| EACH | ELSE | ELSEIF |
| ENCLOSED | ESCAPED | EXISTS |
| EXIT | EXPLAIN | FALSE |
| FETCH | FLOAT | FLOAT4 |
| FLOAT8 | FOR | FORCE |
| FOREIGN | FROM | FULLTEXT |
| GOTO | GRANT | GROUP |
| HAVING | HIGH_PRIORITY | HOUR_MICROSECOND |
| HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | IF |
| IGNORE | IN | INDEX |
| INFILE | INNER | INOUT |
| INSENSITIVE | INSERT | INT |
| INT1 | INT2 | INT3 |
| INT4 | INT8 | INTEGER |
| INTERVAL | INTO | IS |
| ITERATE | JOIN | KEY |
| KEYS | KILL | LABEL |
| LEADING | LEAVE | LEFT |
| LIKE | LIMIT | LINEAR |
| LINES | LOAD | LOCALTIME |
| LOCALTIMESTAMP | LOCK | LONG |
| LONGBLOB | LONGTEXT | LOOP |
| LOW_PRIORITY | MATCH | MEDIUMBLOB |
| MEDIUMINT | MEDIUMTEXT | MIDDLEINT |
| MINUTE_MICROSECOND | MINUTE_SECOND | MOD |
| MODIFIES | NATURAL | NOT |
| NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | NULL | NUMERIC |
| ON | OPTIMIZE | OPTION |
| OPTIONALLY | OR | ORDER |
| OUT | OUTER | OUTFILE |
| PRECISION | PRIMARY | PROCEDURE |
| PURGE | RAID0 | RANGE |
| READ | READS | REAL |
| REFERENCES | REGEXP | RELEASE |
| RENAME | REPEAT | REPLACE |
| REQUIRE | RESTRICT | RETURN |
| REVOKE | RIGHT | RLIKE |
| SCHEMA | SCHEMAS | SECOND_MICROSECOND |
| SELECT | SENSITIVE | SEPARATOR |
| SET | SHOW | SMALLINT |
| SPATIAL | SPECIFIC | SQL |
| SQLEXCEPTION | SQLSTATE | SQLWARNING |
| SQL_BIG_RESULT | SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS | SQL_SMALL_RESULT |
| SSL | STARTING | STRAIGHT_JOIN |
| TABLE | TERMINATED | THEN |
| TINYBLOB | TINYINT | TINYTEXT |
| TO | TRAILING | TRIGGER |
| TRUE | UNDO | UNION |
| UNIQUE | UNLOCK | UNSIGNED |
| UPDATE | USAGE | USE |
| USING | UTC_DATE | UTC_TIME |
| UTC_TIMESTAMP | VALUES | VARBINARY |
| VARCHAR | VARCHARACTER | VARYING |
| WHEN | WHERE | WHILE |
| WITH | WRITE | X509 |
| XOR | YEAR_MONTH | ZEROFILL |
二、MySQL中字段名和保留字冲突的解决
只需要用撇号(`)把字段名括起来，这样在select、insert、update、delete等语句中都不会出现语法错误
代码如下:
select col from table1;
这句sql没有问题，当把col换成range
代码如下:
select range from table1;
这句sql有问题
当字段名与MySQL保留字冲突时，可以用撇号字符“`”（TAB键上面那个，也就是数字1键前面那个键上的）将字段名括起来：
代码如下:
select `range` from table;
三、SQLserver中字段名和保留字冲突的解决
只需要用[]把字段名括起来，这样在select、insert、update、delete等语句中都不会出现语法错误
四、Oracle中字段名和保留字冲突的解决
(1)官方文档说明：
Reserved words and keywordsare identifiers that have special meaning in PL/SQL.
You cannot use reserved words as ordinary user-defined identifiers. You can use them as quoted user-defined identifiers, but it is not recommended. For more information, see"QuotedUser-Defined Identifiers".
You can use keywords as ordinary user-defined identifiers,but it is not recommended.
译文：
保留字和keywordsare标识符，在PL / SQL的特殊意义。
不能使用保留字作为普通用户定义标识符。您可以使用它们作为引用的用户定义标识符，但不推荐使用。更多信息，见“quoteduser定义标识符”。
您可以使用关键字作为普通用户定义的标识符，但不推荐使用。
(2)不能直接使用保留字作为用户定义的变量，但加上双引号就使用。
如：
create tale int（
id varchar(10),
name varchar(10),
primary key id);
出现错误，int是关键字
create table "int"（
id varchar(10),
name varchar(10),
primary key id);
这样就正确
(3)保留字和关键字
保留字：
| Begins with: | Reserved Words |
|---|---|
| A | ALL, ALTER, AND, ANY, AS, ASC, AT |
| B | BEGIN, BETWEEN, BY |
| C | CASE, CHECK, CLUSTERS, CLUSTER, COLAUTH, COLUMNS, COMPRESS, CONNECT, CRASH, CREATE, CURSOR |
| D | DECLARE, DEFAULT, DESC, DISTINCT, DROP |
| E | ELSE, END, EXCEPTION, EXCLUSIVE |
| F | FETCH, FOR, FROM, FUNCTION |
| G | GOTO, GRANT, GROUP |
| H | HAVING |
| I | IDENTIFIED, IF, IN, INDEX, INDEXES, INSERT, INTERSECT, INTO, IS |
| L | LIKE, LOCK |
| M | MINUS, MODE |
| N | NOCOMPRESS, NOT, NOWAIT, NULL |
| O | OF, ON, OPTION, OR, ORDER, OVERLAPS |
| P | PROCEDURE, PUBLIC |
| R | RESOURCE, REVOKE |
| S | SELECT, SHARE, SIZE, SQL, START, SUBTYPE |
| T | TABAUTH, TABLE, THEN, TO, TYPE |
| U | UNION, UNIQUE, UPDATE |
| V | VALUES, VIEW, VIEWS |
| W | WHEN, WHERE, WITH |
关键字：
| Begins with: | Keywords |
|---|---|
| A | A, ADD, AGENT, AGGREGATE, ARRAY, ATTRIBUTE, AUTHID, AVG |
| B | BFILE_BASE, BINARY, BLOB_BASE, BLOCK, BODY, BOTH, BOUND, BULK, BYTE |
| C | C, CALL, CALLING, CASCADE, CHAR, CHAR_BASE, CHARACTER, CHARSET, CHARSETFORM, CHARSETID, CLOB_BASE, CLOSE, COLLECT, COMMENT, COMMIT, COMMITTED, COMPILED, CONSTANT, CONSTRUCTOR, CONTEXT, CONTINUE, CONVERT, COUNT, CURRENT, CUSTOMDATUM |
| D | DANGLING, DATA, DATE, DATE_BASE, DAY, DEFINE, DELETE, DETERMINISTIC, DOUBLE, DURATION |
| E | ELEMENT, ELSIF, EMPTY, ESCAPE, EXCEPT, EXCEPTIONS, EXECUTE, EXISTS, EXIT, EXTERNAL |
| F | FINAL, FIXED, FLOAT, FORALL, FORCE |
| G | GENERAL |
| H | HASH, HEAP, HIDDEN, HOUR |
| I | IMMEDIATE, INCLUDING, INDICATOR, INDICES, INFINITE, INSTANTIABLE, INT, INTERFACE, INTERVAL, INVALIDATE, ISOLATION |
| J | Java |
| L | LANGUAGE, LARGE, LEADING, LENGTH, LEVEL, LIBRARY, LIKE2, LIKE4, LIKEC, LIMIT, LIMITED, LOCAL, LONG, LOOP |
| M | MAP, MAX, MAXLEN, MEMBER, MERGE, MIN, MINUTE, MOD, MODIFY, MONTH, MULTISET |
| N | NAME, NAN, NATIONAL, NATIVE, NCHAR, NEW, NOCOPY, NUMBER_BASE |
| O | OBJECT, OCICOLL, OCIDATE, OCIDATETIME, OCIDURATION, OCIINTERVAL, OCILOBLOCATOR, OCINUMBER, OCIRAW, OCIREF, OCIREFCURSOR, OCIROWID, OCISTRING, OCITYPE, OLD, ONLY, OPAQUE, OPEN, OPERATOR, Oracle, ORADATA, ORGANIZATION, ORLANY, ORLVARY, OTHERS, OUT, OVERRIDING |
| P | PACKAGE, PARALLEL_ENABLE, PARAMETER, PARAMETERS, PARENT, PARTITION, PASCAL, PIPE, PIPELINED, PRAGMA, PRECISION, PRIOR, PRIVATE |
| R | RAISE, RANGE, RAW, READ, RECORD, REF, REFERENCE, RELIES_ON, REM, REMAINDER, RENAME, RESULT, RESULT_CACHE, RETURN, RETURNING, REVERSE, ROLLBACK, ROW |
| S | SAMPLE, SAVE, SAVEPOINT, SB1, SB2, SB4, SECOND, SEGMENT, SELF, SEPARATE, SEQUENCE, SERIALIZABLE, SET, SHORT, SIZE_T, SOME, SPARSE, SQLCODE, SQLDATA, SQLNAME, SQLSTATE, STANDARD, STATIC, STDDEV, STORED, STRING, STRUCT, STYLE, SUBMULTISET, SUBPARTITION, SUBSTITUTABLE, SUM, SYNONYM |
| T | TDO, THE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, TIMEZONE_ABBR, TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE, TIMEZONE_REGION, TRAILING, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTIONAL, TRUSTED |
| U | UB1, UB2, UB4, UNDER, UNSIGNED, UNTRUSTED, USE, USING |
| V | VALIST, VALUE, VARIABLE, VARIANCE, VARRAY, VARYING, VOID |
| W | WHILE, WORK, WRAPPED, WRITE |
| Y | YEAR |
| Z | ZONE |
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