C#在Linux+Mono环境中使用微信支付证书

最近特殊的需求，要把微信平台一个功能页面部署到Linux（CentOS6.5）下，其中涉及到微信支付退款。

鉴于之前实践过mono+jexus+asp.net mvc的部署，于是问题重点在于解决对商户证书的调用问题。

查看微信支付官方文档关于证书的使用说明

◆ apiclient_cert.p12是商户证书文件，除PHP外的开发均使用此证书文件。
◆ 商户如果使用.NET环境开发，请确认Framework版本大于2.0，必须在操作系统上双击安装证书apiclient_cert.p12后才能被正常调用。
◆ 商户证书调用或安装都需要使用到密码，该密码的值为微信商户号（mch_id）
◆ PHP开发环境请使用商户证书文件apiclient_cert.pem和apiclient_key.pem ，rootca.pem是CA证书。

1.使用mono自带工具certmgr导入.p12证书

certmgr -add -c -m -p 密码 My ApiClient_cert.p12

2.编写测试程序

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

public class TlsTest
{   
    public static void Main(string[] args){HttpWebResponse webreponse;        string strHtml = "NO";    
        try{            //系统必须已经导入cert指向的证书string url = 
             "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/secapi/pay/refund";
            //My即对应”个人“存储区，固定不可改变X509Store store = new X509Store("My", 
                                     StoreLocation.LocalMachine);store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly|OpenFlags.OpenExistingOnly);X509Certificate cer = store.Certificates.Find(
            X509FindType.FindByThumbprint,
             "546FCAA50DB599C5439AC8139C69393D5DB243D0", false)[0];            //遍历证书查看Hash；windows下可直接双击安装，查看属性            //Console.WriteLine(store.Certificates.Count);            //foreach(var c in store.Certificates){            //    //Console.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2},{3},{4},{5}", c.GetCertHashString(), c.FriendlyName, c.GetFormat(), c.IssuerName, c.SubjectName, c.Thumbprint);            //    if (c.GetCertHashString() == "546FCAA50DB599C5439AC8139C69393D5DB243D0")            //    {            //        Console.WriteLine("found");            //        cer = c;            //        break;            //    }            //}HttpWebRequest webrequest = 
             (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);webrequest.ClientCertificates.Add(cer);webrequest.Method = "post";webrequest.KeepAlive = true;webreponse = (HttpWebResponse)webrequest.GetResponse();Stream stream = webreponse.GetResponseStream();        
            string resp = string.Empty;            
            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream)){resp = reader.ReadToEnd();}strHtml = resp;}      
        catch (Exception exp){strHtml = exp.ToString();}Console.WriteLine(strHtml);}
}

3.运行测试程序

mono SSLtest.exe

结果运行报错

System.Net.WebException: Error: TrustFailure (The authentication or 
decryption has failed.) ---> System.IO.IOException:
 The authentication or decryption has failed. ---> 
 System.IO.IOException: The authentication or decryption has failed.
  ---> Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls.TlsException: Invalid certificate
   received from server. Error code: 0xffffffff800b0109at Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls.RecordProtocol.EndReceiveRecor
  (IAsyncResult asyncResult) <0x40713980 + 0x0013e> 
  in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls.SslClientStream.SafeEndReceiveRecord 
  (IAsyncResult ar, Boolean ignoreEmpty) <0x407138b0 + 0x00031> in 
  <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls.SslClientStream.NegotiateAsyncWorker
   (IAsyncResult result) <0x4070d2d0 + 0x0023a> 
   in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace ---at Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls.SslClientStream.EndNegotiateHandshake
    (IAsyncResult result) <0x40726300 + 0x000f3> 
    in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls.SslStreamBase.AsyncHandshakeCallback 
    (IAsyncResult asyncResult) <0x40726050 + 0x00086> 
    in <filename unknown>:0 
     --- End of inner exception stack trace ---at Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls.SslStreamBase.EndRead 
    (IAsyncResult asyncResult) <0x4070a990 + 0x00199>
     in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Net.Security.Private.LegacySslStream.EndAuthenticateAsClient
    (IAsyncResult asyncResult) <0x4070a8f0 + 0x00042> 
    in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Net.Security.Private.LegacySslStream.AuthenticateAsClient 
    (System.String targetHost, 
    System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.
    X509CertificateCollection clientCertificates, 
    SslProtocols enabledSslProtocols,
      Boolean checkCertificateRevocation) <0x40704650 + 0x00055>
       in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Net.Security.MonoTlsStream.CreateStream 
       (System.Byte[] buffer) 
       <0x40703e00 + 0x00145> in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace ---at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.EndGetResponse (IAsyncResult asyncResult) 
    <0x406fcf50 + 0x001ed> in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse () <0x406f5210 + 0x00053> 
    in <filename unknown>:0 at TlsTest.Main (System.String[] args) <0x406a7d80 + 0x002c6> in
     <filename unknown>:0

4.发现错误原因是"Invalid certificate received from server"，这个问题在Mono文档中已有说明：

That’s probably because you do not trust the site you are connecting to. Note that a default installation of Mono doesn’t trust anyone!

默认情况下，任何站点都不被Mono信任！

同时也给出了4个解决方案：

使用cert-sync工具同步Mono和系统的证书存储区
程序实现ICertificatePolicy自行决定信任规则
使用certmgr.exe导入受信证书
使用mozroots.exe自动导入常用的可信根证书

5.尝试解决方案2

ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = 
new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(CheckValidationResult);

private static bool CheckValidationResult(object sender,
 X509Certificate c,
 X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors)
{    
   return true;
}

报错问题虽然可以解决，但对所有情况均信任不是一个好的解决方法，根据X509Certificate c进行判断理应可行，没有再进一步探索

6.尝试解决方案4

使用mozroots自动下载安装常用的根证书

mozroots --import --sync

显示成功导入100+根证书，重新执行测试程序仍然报错。

这个结果一度使我认为此方法无效，但偶然在本地测试却通过了。

对比发现生效的下载路径是：

https://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-release/raw-file/default/
security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt

而无效的下载路径是：

http://mxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins
/certdata.txt?raw=1

于是手动下载文件并指定mozroots安装指定的文件

wget https://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-release/raw-file/default
/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
mozroots --import --sync --file certdata.txt

这时，执行测试程序运行正常

<xml><return_code><![CDATA[FAIL]]></return_code>
<return_msg><![CDATA[post数据为空]]></return_msg>
</xml>

7.总结

使用mozroots是解决问题的简单方法，但由于mono版本问题会导致默认的下载文件并不有效。本地有效版本：mono 4.6.0.0，使用中已提示建议使用cert-sync [WARNING: mozroots is deprecated, please move to cert-sync instead.]

服务器版本：mono 4.4.1.0，默认下载文件无效，这不得不说是个坑。

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/himax/p/how_to_use_wechat_cert_with_mono.html

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