php的GC机制

在php5.3版本之前, php变量的回收机制只是简单的通过计数来处理(当refcount=0时，会回收内存),但这样会出现一个问题

$a=array("str");

$a[]=&$a;

unset($a);

执行unset之前,$a的refcount 为2,执行unset之后,$a的refcout为1,因为是1不等于0,不能被回收内存,即为垃圾,当然，在php脚本执行完毕后,所分配的内存将全部被回收,但是现在php除了应用于脚本以外，更多的地方用于写守护服务(当然我不推荐),可能长达一个月，两个月才结束脚本,这期间例如上面的程序会产生内存溢出

注：unset并不能释放内存，需要看zval的refcount是否为0

php5.3以后增了GC垃圾回收机制

在分配zval时，以zval_gc_info为单位

#define ALLOC_ZVAL(z)                                     \do {                                                \(z) = (zval*)emalloc(sizeof(zval_gc_info));        \GC_ZVAL_INIT(z);                                \} while (0)typedef struct _zval_gc_info {zval z;union {gc_root_buffer       *buffered;struct _zval_gc_info *next;} u;
} zval_gc_info;#define FREE_ZVAL(z)                                     \do {                                                \GC_REMOVE_ZVAL_FROM_BUFFER(z);                    \efree(z);                                        \} while (0)

typedef struct _gc_root_buffer {struct _gc_root_buffer   *prev;        /* double-linked list               */struct _gc_root_buffer   *next;zend_object_handle        handle;    /* must be 0 for zval               */union {zval                 *pz;zend_object_handlers *handlers;} u;
} gc_root_buffer;

php的GC回收机制启动时,会分配10000个gc_root_buffer的空间

ZEND_API void gc_init(TSRMLS_D)  
{  if (GC_G(buf) == NULL && GC_G(gc_enabled)) {  GC_G(buf) = (gc_root_buffer*) malloc(sizeof(gc_root_buffer) * GC_ROOT_BUFFER_MAX_ENTRIES);  GC_G(last_unused) = &GC_G(buf)[GC_ROOT_BUFFER_MAX_ENTRIES];  gc_reset(TSRMLS_C);  }  
}

在unset($a)时，详见这里在active_systom_table找到key为a的zval后，对其value执行析构函数，将其zval的refcount-1，若减1后的值为0，说明可能直接释放内存，若为大于0，放到gc_root_buffer中

ZEND_API void _zval_ptr_dtor(zval **zval_ptr ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC) /* {{{ */  
{   Z_DELREF_PP(zval_ptr);  if (Z_REFCOUNT_PP(zval_ptr) == 0) {  TSRMLS_FETCH();  if (*zval_ptr != &EG(uninitialized_zval)) {  GC_REMOVE_ZVAL_FROM_BUFFER(*zval_ptr);  zval_dtor(*zval_ptr);  efree_rel(*zval_ptr);  }  } else {  TSRMLS_FETCH();  if (Z_REFCOUNT_PP(zval_ptr) == 1) {  Z_UNSET_ISREF_PP(zval_ptr);  }  GC_ZVAL_CHECK_POSSIBLE_ROOT(*zval_ptr);  }  
}

#define GC_ZVAL_CHECK_POSSIBLE_ROOT(z) /gc_zval_check_possible_root((z) TSRMLS_CC)static zend_always_inline void gc_zval_check_possible_root(zval *z TSRMLS_DC)
{if (z->type == IS_ARRAY || z->type == IS_OBJECT) {gc_zval_possible_root(z TSRMLS_CC);}
}ZEND_API void gc_zval_possible_root(zval *zv TSRMLS_DC)
{if (UNEXPECTED(GC_G(free_list) != NULL &&GC_ZVAL_ADDRESS(zv) != NULL &&GC_ZVAL_GET_COLOR(zv) == GC_BLACK) &&(GC_ZVAL_ADDRESS(zv) < GC_G(buf) ||GC_ZVAL_ADDRESS(zv) >= GC_G(last_unused))) {/* The given zval is a garbage that is going to be deleted by* currently running GC */return;}if (zv->type == IS_OBJECT) {GC_ZOBJ_CHECK_POSSIBLE_ROOT(zv);return;}GC_BENCH_INC(zval_possible_root);//如果zv中的gc_root_buffer最后两位不是紫色,则进行处理if (GC_ZVAL_GET_COLOR(zv) != GC_PURPLE) {GC_ZVAL_SET_PURPLE(zv); //设置为紫色if (!GC_ZVAL_ADDRESS(zv)) {gc_root_buffer *newRoot = GC_G(unused);if (newRoot) {GC_G(unused) = newRoot->prev;} else if (GC_G(first_unused) != GC_G(last_unused)) {newRoot = GC_G(first_unused);GC_G(first_unused)++;} else {if (!GC_G(gc_enabled)) {GC_ZVAL_SET_BLACK(zv);return;}zv->refcount__gc++;gc_collect_cycles(TSRMLS_C);zv->refcount__gc--;newRoot = GC_G(unused);if (!newRoot) {return;}GC_ZVAL_SET_PURPLE(zv);GC_G(unused) = newRoot->prev;}newRoot->next = GC_G(roots).next;newRoot->prev = &GC_G(roots);GC_G(roots).next->prev = newRoot;GC_G(roots).next = newRoot;GC_ZVAL_SET_ADDRESS(zv, newRoot); //将gc_root_buffer放到zval_gc_info结构体中newRoot->handle = 0;newRoot->u.pz = zv;GC_BENCH_INC(zval_buffered);GC_BENCH_INC(root_buf_length);GC_BENCH_PEAK(root_buf_peak, root_buf_length);}}
}

将当前zval放到gc_root_bufer中，每个zval只放一次,依据是该zval所在的zval_gc_info中的gc_root_buffer的颜色是否是紫色

#define GC_ZVAL_GET_COLOR(v) \
GC_GET_COLOR(((zval_gc_info*)(v))->u.buffered)

#define GC_GET_COLOR(v) \
(((zend_uintptr_t)(v)) & GC_COLOR)

若不是紫色，则设置为紫色

#define GC_ZVAL_SET_PURPLE(v) \
GC_SET_PURPLE(((zval_gc_info*)(v))->u.buffered)

#define GC_SET_PURPLE(v) \
(v) = ((gc_root_buffer*)(((zend_uintptr_t)(v)) | GC_PURPLE))

宏GC_ZVAL_SET_ADDRESS(zv, newRoot);用来将gc_root_buffer newRoot 放到zv相应位置

#define GC_COLOR  0x03#define GC_BLACK  0x00
#define GC_WHITE  0x01
#define GC_GREY   0x02
#define GC_PURPLE 0x03#define GC_ZVAL_SET_ADDRESS(v, a) \GC_SET_ADDRESS(((zval_gc_info*)(v))->u.buffered, (a))#define GC_SET_ADDRESS(v, a) \(v) = ((gc_root_buffer*)((((zend_uintptr_t)(v)) & GC_COLOR) | ((zend_uintptr_t)(a))))

GC_ZVAL_SET_ADDRESS宏中先将v强制转为zval_gc_info类型,本身在为zval分配内存时, 就是以zval_gc_info为单位的,将强转为zval*,因为只需要对zval结构体填充数据,不需要 gc_root_buffer *bufer这个样成员
因为在结构体zval_gc_val中,zval z是第一个成员,那么z的地址也是zval_gc_info本身的内存地址

在PHP GC中,使用颜色来标明垃圾的处理过程

指针无论在32位机或64位机,最后两位均为0,

gc_collect_cycles处理垃圾

ZEND_API int gc_collect_cycles(TSRMLS_D)
{int count = 0;if (GC_G(roots).next != &GC_G(roots)) {zval_gc_info *p, *q, *orig_free_list, *orig_next_to_free;if (GC_G(gc_active)) {return 0;}GC_G(gc_runs)++;GC_G(zval_to_free) = FREE_LIST_END;GC_G(gc_active) = 1;gc_mark_roots(TSRMLS_C);gc_scan_roots(TSRMLS_C);gc_collect_roots(TSRMLS_C);orig_free_list = GC_G(free_list);orig_next_to_free = GC_G(next_to_free);p = GC_G(free_list) = GC_G(zval_to_free);GC_G(zval_to_free) = NULL;GC_G(gc_active) = 0;/* First call destructors */while (p != FREE_LIST_END) {if (Z_TYPE(p->z) == IS_OBJECT) {if (EG(objects_store).object_buckets &&EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].valid &&EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.refcount <= 0 &&EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.dtor &&!EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].destructor_called) {EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].destructor_called = 1;EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.refcount++;EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.dtor(EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.object, Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z) TSRMLS_CC);EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.refcount--;}}count++;p = p->u.next;}/* Destroy zvals */p = GC_G(free_list);while (p != FREE_LIST_END) {GC_G(next_to_free) = p->u.next;if (Z_TYPE(p->z) == IS_OBJECT) {if (EG(objects_store).object_buckets &&EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].valid &&EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.refcount <= 0) {EG(objects_store).object_buckets[Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z)].bucket.obj.refcount = 1;Z_TYPE(p->z) = IS_NULL;zend_objects_store_del_ref_by_handle_ex(Z_OBJ_HANDLE(p->z), Z_OBJ_HT(p->z) TSRMLS_CC);}} else if (Z_TYPE(p->z) == IS_ARRAY) {Z_TYPE(p->z) = IS_NULL;zend_hash_destroy(Z_ARRVAL(p->z));FREE_HASHTABLE(Z_ARRVAL(p->z));} else {zval_dtor(&p->z);Z_TYPE(p->z) = IS_NULL;}p = GC_G(next_to_free);}/* Free zvals */p = GC_G(free_list);while (p != FREE_LIST_END) {q = p->u.next;FREE_ZVAL_EX(&p->z);p = q;}GC_G(collected) += count;GC_G(free_list) = orig_free_list;GC_G(next_to_free) = orig_next_to_free;}return count;
}

gc_mark_roots(TSRMLS_C); 为垃圾打下颜色标记，遍历gc_root_buffer，其中的u.pz将紫色变更为灰色，遍历u.pz该array zval的每个元素,将其refcount-1,
gc_collect_roots遍历gc_root_buffer，如果refcount==0再设置为白色，表示为垃圾,若refcount >0,表示别人在使用，设置为黑色

static void gc_mark_roots(TSRMLS_D)
{gc_root_buffer *current = GC_G(roots).next;while (current != &GC_G(roots)) {if (current->handle) {if (EG(objects_store).object_buckets) {//处理对象,暂时不用看}} else {if (GC_ZVAL_GET_COLOR(current->u.pz) == GC_PURPLE) {zval_mark_grey(current->u.pz TSRMLS_CC);} else {GC_ZVAL_SET_ADDRESS(current->u.pz, NULL);GC_REMOVE_FROM_BUFFER(current);}}current = current->next;}
}

static void zval_mark_grey(zval *pz TSRMLS_DC)
{Bucket *p;tail_call:if (GC_ZVAL_GET_COLOR(pz) != GC_GREY) {p = NULL;GC_BENCH_INC(zval_marked_grey);GC_ZVAL_SET_COLOR(pz, GC_GREY);if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) == IS_OBJECT && EG(objects_store).object_buckets) {//对象的处理, 暂时不用管} else if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) == IS_ARRAY) {if (Z_ARRVAL_P(pz) == &EG(symbol_table)) {GC_ZVAL_SET_BLACK(pz);} else {p = Z_ARRVAL_P(pz)->pListHead;}}while (p != NULL) {pz = *(zval**)p->pData;if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) != IS_ARRAY || Z_ARRVAL_P(pz) != &EG(symbol_table)) {pz->refcount__gc--;}if (p->pListNext == NULL) {goto tail_call;} else {zval_mark_grey(pz TSRMLS_CC);}p = p->pListNext;}}
}

第二次遍历gc_root_buffer,如果zv中的颜色为灰色，且refcount=0,再置为白色，若refcount>0,置为黑色（不是垃圾）

static void gc_scan_roots(TSRMLS_D)
{gc_root_buffer *current = GC_G(roots).next;while (current != &GC_G(roots)) {if (current->handle) {zval z;INIT_PZVAL(&z);Z_OBJ_HANDLE(z) = current->handle;Z_OBJ_HT(z) = current->u.handlers;zobj_scan(&z TSRMLS_CC);} else {zval_scan(current->u.pz TSRMLS_CC);}current = current->next;}
}

static int zval_scan(zval *pz TSRMLS_DC)
{Bucket *p;tail_call:    if (GC_ZVAL_GET_COLOR(pz) == GC_GREY) {p = NULL;if (pz->refcount__gc > 0) {zval_scan_black(pz TSRMLS_CC);} else { GC_ZVAL_SET_COLOR(pz, GC_WHITE);if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) == IS_OBJECT && EG(objects_store).object_buckets) {//处理object} else if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) == IS_ARRAY) {if (Z_ARRVAL_P(pz) == &EG(symbol_table)) {GC_ZVAL_SET_BLACK(pz);} else {p = Z_ARRVAL_P(pz)->pListHead;}}}while (p != NULL) {if (p->pListNext == NULL) {pz = *(zval**)p->pData;goto tail_call;} else {zval_scan(*(zval**)p->pData TSRMLS_CC);}p = p->pListNext;}}return 0;
}

遍历gc_root_buffer链表，将zv颜色为白色的数据放置单独一个链表，全部回收

static void gc_collect_roots(TSRMLS_D)
{gc_root_buffer *current = GC_G(roots).next;while (current != &GC_G(roots)) {if (current->handle) {if (EG(objects_store).object_buckets) {struct _store_object *obj = &EG(objects_store).object_buckets[current->handle].bucket.obj;zval z;GC_SET_ADDRESS(obj->buffered, NULL);INIT_PZVAL(&z);Z_OBJ_HANDLE(z) = current->handle;Z_OBJ_HT(z) = current->u.handlers;zobj_collect_white(&z TSRMLS_CC);}} else {GC_ZVAL_SET_ADDRESS(current->u.pz, NULL);zval_collect_white(current->u.pz TSRMLS_CC);}GC_REMOVE_FROM_BUFFER(current);current = current->next;}
}

static void zval_collect_white(zval *pz TSRMLS_DC)
{Bucket *p;tail_call:if (((zval_gc_info*)(pz))->u.buffered == (gc_root_buffer*)GC_WHITE) {p = NULL;GC_ZVAL_SET_BLACK(pz);if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) == IS_OBJECT && EG(objects_store).object_buckets) {...} else {if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) == IS_ARRAY) {p = Z_ARRVAL_P(pz)->pListHead;}}/* restore refcount and put into list to free */pz->refcount__gc++;((zval_gc_info*)pz)->u.next = GC_G(zval_to_free);GC_G(zval_to_free) = (zval_gc_info*)pz;while (p != NULL) {pz = *(zval**)p->pData;if (Z_TYPE_P(pz) != IS_ARRAY || Z_ARRVAL_P(pz) != &EG(symbol_table)) {pz->refcount__gc++;}if (p->pListNext == NULL) {goto tail_call;} else {zval_collect_white(pz TSRMLS_CC);}p = p->pListNext;}}
}