socket上的read write 操作不同与一般的文件IO操作，socket上的用read write读写的字节数可能比要求的少,但这并不是错误，原因是socket的缓冲区可能已经达到了极限。此时所需要的就是再次调用read write 以写入或输出剩余的字符。这种情况在socket中很常见，但在写字节流socket时只能在socket非堵塞的情况下才会出现，然而为预防实现万一返回不足的字符数值，我们总是调用writen和readn函数，而不是read和write.
下面就是readn、writen函数源码：
ssize_t /* Read "n" bytes from a descriptor. */
readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n)
{
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nread;
char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ( (nread = read(fd, ptr, nleft)) < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
nread = 0; /* and call read() again */
else
return(-1);
} else if (nread == 0)
break; /* EOF */
nleft -= nread;
ptr += nread;
}
return(n - nleft); /* return >= 0 */
}
ssize_t /* Write "n" bytes to a descriptor. */
writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n)
{
size_t nleft;
ssize_t nwritten;
const char *ptr;
ptr = vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
if ( (nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft)) <= 0) {
if (nwritten < 0 && errno == EINTR)
nwritten = 0; /* and call write() again */
else
return(-1); /* error */
}
nleft -= nwritten;
ptr += nwritten;
}
return(n);
}
)
