flask websocket

websocket原理

Socket：
FTP - 文件服务
Django
Flask

Http - TCP:
1.一次请求一次响应断开
2.客户端永远处于主动状态
3.服务器永远处于被动状态
4.Http无状态 - 在服务器不保存客户端的信息
5.服务器无法主动找到客户端

1.轮询
客户端向服务器不断发起类似Http请求
服务器不断的响应客户端

带上你的身份牌 - 服务器校验身份
大爷去找你的消息 - 服务器获取你应该拿到数据
if：拿到数据
else：拿不到数据 - 再次发起请求询问服务器消息

劣势：
1.双端资源浪费
2.带宽资源占用
3.不能保证数据实时性

上个世纪90年代 - 本世纪初：
24bps == 4-6KB
CPU == 800MHZ
内存 == 256MB
QQ -- ICQ

2.长轮询
1.客户端向服务器发起一个请求
2.服务器保持这个请求不返回不响应
3.一定时间之后，服务器抛弃 or 返回
4.客户端收到请求立即再次发起保持

你去传达室，大爷款待你喝茶，
喝茶等消息(保持)
上厕所(断开)
再次回去喝茶等消息(保持)

劣势：
1.服务器资源浪费
2.不能保证数据实时性
优势：
1.节省客户端资源
2.保证数据有效

当时的环境：本世纪初 - 目前
128bps == 20-30KB
Cpu == 1.4GHZ 奔腾4
内存 == 512MB

3.长连接
永久保持连接

1.你和大爷之间装了一台电话分机
2.你派人告诉大爷你的分机号码
3.大爷拨通分机
4.你告诉大爷，有消息说句话，我派人去拿
5.你和大爷同时开启了闭音

劣势：
1.服务器CPU要求较高

优势：
1.节省大量资源
2.数据实时有效性
3.带宽几乎不占用

现在的环境：
100mps == 百兆光纤 == 5MB/s || 2KB
CPU == 16核32线程 i9 3.2GHZ
内存 == 16GB

WebSocket协议：ws协议 ws://127.0.0.1 javascript封装客户端 http协议 http://127.0.0.1
三方：geventWebsocket Flask
Web框架：用来进行Http请求的处理 (握手)

单聊：
收发快递模型：
寄件人：user1 from_user
收件人：user2 to_user
包裹

user2：
寄件人是user1 打开包裹 - 被骂了
骂回去：
寄件人：user2
收件人：user1
包裹

user1：
寄件人是user2 打开包裹 - 骂回来了
对骂吧：
寄件人：user1
收件人：user2
包裹

websocket实现的群聊功能

from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler
from gevent.pywsgi import WSGIServer
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket
from geventwebsocket.exceptions import WebSocketErrorfrom flask import Flask,render_template,requestapp = Flask(__name__)user_socket_list = []@app.route("/my_chat")
def my_chat():return render_template("M_chat.html")@app.route("/my_ws")
def my_ws():user_socket = request.environ.get("wsgi.websocket")user_socket_list.append(user_socket)print(len(user_socket_list),user_socket_list)while 1:try:msg = user_socket.receive()except WebSocketError:user_socket_list.remove(user_socket)return "goodbye"for u in user_socket_list:if u == user_socket:continuetry:u.send(msg)except :continueif __name__ == '__main__':http_server = WSGIServer(("0.0.0.0",9527),app,handler_class=WebSocketHandler)http_server.serve_forever()

html部分

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-4"><div class="form-group"><label for="message">消息为:</label><input type="text" id="message" class="form-control"></div><button onclick="send_message()" class="btn btn-danger">发送</button></div><div id="chat_list" class="col-md-8"></div></div>
</div><script type="application/javascript">var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:9527/my_ws");ws.onmessage = function (evenMessage) {var p = document.createElement("p");p.innerText = evenMessage.data;document.getElementById("chat_list").appendChild(p)};function send_message() {var message = document.getElementById("message").value;ws.send(message);}</script>
</body>
</html>

websocket实现的单聊功能

import jsonfrom geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler
from gevent.pywsgi import WSGIServer
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket
from geventwebsocket.exceptions import WebSocketErrorfrom flask import Flask, request, render_templateapp = Flask(__name__)user_socket_dict = {}
@app.route("/my_chat")
def my_app():return render_template("my_chat.html")@app.route("/my_ws/<username>")
def my_ws(username):user_socket = request.environ.get("wsgi.websocket")user_socket_dict[username] = user_socket# print(len(user_socket_dict),user_socket_dict)while 1 :try:msg = user_socket.receive()# print(msg)msg_dict = json.loads(msg)to_user = msg_dict.get("to_user")to_user_socket = user_socket_dict.get(to_user)to_user_socket.send(msg)except WebSocketError:user_socket_dict.pop(username)return "goodbye"if __name__ == '__main__':http_server = WSGIServer(("0.0.0.0", 5000), app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler)http_server.serve_forever()

html部分

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-4"><div class="form-group"><label for="mynickname">用户名:</label><input type="text" id="mynickname" class="form-control"></div><button onclick="open_chat()" class="btn btn-danger">登录聊天室</button><div class="form-group"><label for="to_user">发送给:</label><input type="text" id="to_user" class="form-control"></div><div class="form-group"><label for="message">消息为:</label><input type="text" id="message" class="form-control"></div><button onclick="send_message()" class="btn btn-danger">发送</button></div><div id="chat_list" class="col-md-8"></div></div>
</div><script type="application/javascript">var ws = null;function open_chat() {var mynickname = document.getElementById("mynickname").value;ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:5000/my_ws/" + mynickname);ws.onopen = function () {alert(mynickname + "欢迎来到对话平台");};ws.onmessage = function (evenMessage) {console.log(evenMessage.data);var chat = JSON.parse(evenMessage.data);var p = document.createElement("p");p.style.cssText = "width: 400px ;text-align: left";p.innerText = chat.from_user + "->" + chat.message;document.getElementById("chat_list").appendChild(p);};ws.onclose = function () {//断开机制
            console.log("连接已断开,你已经断啦")};}function send_message() {var message = document.getElementById("message").value;var from_user = document.getElementById("mynickname").value;var to_user = document.getElementById("to_user").value;var send_str = {from_user: from_user,to_user: to_user,message: message};ws.send(JSON.stringify(send_str));var p = document.createElement("p");p.style.cssText = "width: 400px;text-align: right";p.innerText = send_str.message + "<-我";document.getElementById("chat_list").appendChild(p);}</script></body>
</html>

websocket握手原理

import socket, base64, hashlibsock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9527))
sock.listen(5)
# 获取客户端socket对象
conn, address = sock.accept() # 阻塞
# 获取客户端的【握手】信息
data = conn.recv(1024)
print(data)"""
b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n
Host: 127.0.0.1:9527\r\n
Connection: Upgrade\r\n
Pragma: no-cache\r\n
Cache-Control: no-cache\r\n
Upgrade: websocket\r\n
Origin: http://localhost:63342\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36\r\n
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\n
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Key: 176bkom1UAtHfS7MUYCwlQ==\r\n
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits\r\n\r\n'
"""
# 1.转字符串 切片
# 2.转字符串 正则
# 3.转字符串 split("\r\n") - [] for []#
#
def get_headers(data):header_dict = {}header_str = data.decode("utf8")for i in header_str.split("\r\n"):if str(i).startswith("Sec-WebSocket-Key"):header_dict["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = i.split(":")[1].strip()return header_dictheaders = get_headers(data)  # 提取请求头信息
# # 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密
swk = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key']
# Websocket 中的魔法字符串 magic_string
magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
value = swk + magic_string
# 176bkom1UAtHfS7MUYCwlQ==258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
# ZWHsGUn8ogDGd+JYzQunlQ==258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
# dFRV9m2/6PWawNWYUkRHDw==258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
print(value)
print(ac)
# b'PIj4+UWLuqcpcTZcMnnu9Ik6rSQ='
# b'iZFEC+HI/NqNp5g2BoENbywWBLA='
# b'LXO3G84XmpR7crmJcZFaLPUDVHU='

response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \"Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \"Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \"Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n" \"WebSocket-Location: ws://127.0.0.1:9527\r\n\r\n"response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'))
# 响应【握手】信息
conn.send(response_str.encode("utf8"))while True:msg = conn.recv(8096)print(msg)import websocket加密conn.send(websocket加密.res())
# # magic string为：258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
#

websocket解密

# b'\x81\x83\xceH\xb6\x85\xffz\x85'

hashstr = b'\x81\x8c\xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaa/\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-'
# b'\x81    \x8c    \xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaa/\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-'
ssss = b'\x81\xfe\x0bp\x8fF\xa1\xa3j\xc3)F7\xdbD+\x14\xa2\x199i\xda\x0bF\x02\xccI#\x03\xa2\x19\x0ef\xc72F;\xefG\r\r\xa9\x1d/k\xfd+F+\xefE\x1b\x04\xa2\x19*j\xce\'L3\xcaF8\x05\xa3\x16=h\xd0\x13F3\xccN\x1f\x03\xa0\x0c\x07g\xe9;F\x02\xf7G#*\xa3\x0c;k\xfc\x00G6\xcdF\x04\x04\xa2\x18<l\xc6#D\x0b\xf0E\x1d\x02\xa3,\x08k\xff*K\x08\xe5E\x1b\x02\xa0&+k\xfc/F\t\xc3N\x1f\x03\xa3\x1e\x03j\xf96G6\xcdD\x00$\xa3\x1e;g\xfc\nG5\xc8D\x07\x19\xae!&`\xfa-D\x14\xd0I\x1c2\xa3$+j\xfe<G6\xcdG\r\x05\xaf $`\xfa-E#\xf4G)*\xa2\x18(k\xfc/J\x16\xddE\x1b\x04\xa2\x18<l\xc6#K \xdcD\r\x13\xa3\x1d#j\xfa\x01F\x13\xe5D3#\xa9\x1d/k\xfd\x04F\n\xcfD&\x07\xa3\x19>f\xc76F1\xf1N\x1f\x03\xa0 \x01j\xfa9F0\xd1D\x00$\xa2\x18(i\xf65L3\xcaE\x1b\x02\xa3\x0f?j\xe0%K\x08\xecI,=\xae7\'`\xfa-G6\xcdI\x14 \xa2\x18<`\xfa-F\n\xceD\x1b\x12\xa3)8k\xfe;E\x13\xecD.\x05\xae!/k\xfe\x0cJ\x0e\xd5D\x17&\xa0\x0f!`\xfa-G4\xccD\x07&\xa2\x19(k\xfe(F\x07\xc0N\x1f\x03\xa1:)j\xf1?D\x19\xf4D\x1f\x05\xa9\x1d/i\xeb\x05K 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 # == 140
# 与127做 与 位运算 12# Websocket 加密 解密 3种情况
# 校验位 : 由websocket加密字符串的第二个字节与127期开始进行与位运算
# 校验位 == 127
# 校验位 == 126
# 校验位 <= 125# 将第二个字节也就是 \x83 第9-16位 进行与127进行位运算
payload = hashstr[1] & 127
print(payload)
if payload == 127:extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:10]  # 15.5ZBmask = hashstr[10:14]decoded = hashstr[14:]
# 当位运算结果等于127时,则第3-10个字节为数据长度
# 第11-14字节为mask 解密所需字符串
# 则数据为第15字节至结尾# ssss = b'\x81\xfe\x0bp\x8fF\xa1\xa3j\xc3)F7\xdbD+\x14\xa2\x199i\xda\x0bF\x02\xccI#\x03\xa2\x19\x0ef\xc72F;\xefG\r\r\xa9\x1d/k\xfd+F+\xefE\x1b\x04\xa2\x19*j\xce\'L3\xcaF8\x05\xa3\x16=h\xd0\x13F3\xccN\x1f\x03\xa0\x0c\x07g\xe9;F\x02\xf7G#*\xa3\x0c;k\xfc\x00G6\xcdF\x04\x04\xa2\x18<l\xc6#D\x0b\xf0E\x1d\x02\xa3,\x08k\xff*K\x08\xe5E\x1b\x02\xa0&+k\xfc/F\t\xc3N\x1f\x03\xa3\x1e\x03j\xf96G6\xcdD\x00$\xa3\x1e;g\xfc\nG5\xc8D\x07\x19\xae!&`\xfa-D\x14\xd0I\x1c2\xa3$+j\xfe<G6\xcdG\r\x05\xaf $`\xfa-E#\xf4G)*\xa2\x18(k\xfc/J\x16\xddE\x1b\x04\xa2\x18<l\xc6#K \xdcD\r\x13\xa3\x1d#j\xfa\x01F\x13\xe5D3#\xa9\x1d/k\xfd\x04F\n\xcfD&\x07\xa3\x19>f\xc76F1\xf1N\x1f\x03\xa0 \x01j\xfa9F0\xd1D\x00$\xa2\x18(i\xf65L3\xcaE\x1b\x02\xa3\x0f?j\xe0%K\x08\xecI,=\xae7\'`\xfa-G6\xcdI\x14 \xa2\x18<`\xfa-F\n\xceD\x1b\x12\xa3)8k\xfe;E\x13\xecD.\x05\xae!/k\xfe\x0cJ\x0e\xd5D\x17&\xa0\x0f!`\xfa-G4\xccD\x07&\xa2\x19(k\xfe(F\x07\xc0N\x1f\x03\xa1:)j\xf1?D\x19\xf4D\x1f\x05\xa9\x1d/i\xeb\x05K 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if payload == 126:extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:4]  # \x0bp\x8fF  65535 字节 21845个汉字mask = hashstr[4:8]  # xa1\xa3j\xc3)F7decoded = hashstr[8:]  # 从第九个开始全是数据
# 当位运算结果等于126时,则第3-4个字节为数据长度
# 第5-8字节为mask 解密所需字符串
# 则数据为第9字节至结尾# hashstr = b'\x81\x8c\xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaa/\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-'  12
if payload <= 125:extend_payload_len = Nonemask = hashstr[2:6]  # \xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaadecoded = hashstr[6:]  # /\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-# 当位运算结果小于等于125时,则这个数字12就是数据的长度
# 第3-6字节为mask 解密所需字符串
# 则数据为第7字节至结尾

str_byte = bytearray()
# mask_len = 4
# [0,1,2,3]
for i in range(len(decoded)): # 12 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11byte = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4] # i=0
    str_byte.append(byte)print(str_byte.decode("utf8"))

websocket加密

import structdef res():msg_bytes = "hello".encode("utf8")token = b"\x81"length = len(msg_bytes) # 5if length < 126:token += struct.pack("B", length)elif length == 126:token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length)else:token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length)msg = token + msg_bytesprint(msg)return msg