变电站电压无功补偿装置设计
[摘要] 本次毕业设计的题目是变电站电压无功补偿装置设计，变电站在电力系统中甚至是电力网中变电站都起着十分重要的作用，变电站主要有着变换电压、电流、相位等作用，同时也起到了连接了发电站和输配电线路最后将电能送到用户的作用，对于整个电网的可靠运输电能安全的配送电能以及最大程度的节约不必要的开销起着重大的作用，是电网不可或缺的一部分。
在输送电的时难免会因为线路的损耗而造成功率的损失，所以为了降低线路的损耗对其进行无功功率的补偿是最行之有效的措施。
衡量电能的重要指标有电压频率和波形，频率为50HZ上下相差不能超过0.2~0.5％没有办法进行改变，有功有负载也就是用户决定所以只能改无功电压以提高自然功率因数。
通过功率因数公式可知，功率因数与无功成反比，所以在一定程度上来讲降低无功功率就可以提高功率因数，可以减少投资增加电网收益，为了满足供电部门以及网损的规定，提出了我这次的研究的课题——变电站电压无功补偿装置设计
由于国内人民生活水平的提高，科技不断地进步，控制不断地完善，从而促使变电站设计技术在电气系统领域占据主导权，也使得变电站被广泛应用。在变电站系统设计领域中，变电站成为目前一处亮丽的风景线，因为其设计资源众多，开发经验丰富，最重要的是成本较低，控制在用户可承受的范围内，因此变电站设计逐渐成为世界各国关注的重点。随着变电站系统领域的不断革新，数量越来越大，逐渐成为研究的重点方向，因此新一代的我们要认真去钻研变电站控制系统的构成。
本次设计是我们的毕业设计,本次设计的变电站的类型为地区变电站，是为了满足市区生产和生活的要求，根据老师给出的设计资料和要求，结合所学的基础知识和文献资料所做的。通过本设计，对以前所学的知识加强了理解和掌握，复习巩固专业课程学习的相关内容并进行课题实践，锻炼、培养对变电站的设计能力。从总体上掌握了电力工程设计的过程，并熟悉了一些设计方法，为以后从事电力工程设计工作打下一定的基础。本次设计使用AT89C52嵌入式开发系统设计变电站的无功补偿装置，对于本课题来讲即方便也可以实现最终的目的。
[关键词] 变电站 电压无功补偿 AT89C52单片机
Design of voltage and reactive power compensation device in Substation
[Abstract] The topic of this graduation project is the design of substation voltage and reactive power compensation device. Substation plays a very important role in power system and even in power network. Substation mainly plays the role of transforming voltage, current and phase. At the same time, it also plays the role of connecting power station and transmission and distribution line, and finally sending electric energy to users, It plays an important role in the reliable transportation of electric energy, the safe distribution of electric energy and the maximum saving of unnecessary expenses. It is an indispensable part of the power grid.
When transmitting electricity, it is inevitable that the loss of success rate will be caused by the loss of line. Therefore, in order to reduce the loss of line, the compensation of reactive power is the most effective measure.
The important indicators to measure electric energy are voltage frequency and waveform. The frequency is 50Hz, and the difference between up and down cannot exceed 0.2 ~ 0.5%. There is no way to change it. The active power and load are decided by the user, so we can only change the reactive voltage to improve the natural power factor.
According to the power factor formula, the power factor is inversely proportional to the reactive power, so to a certain extent, reducing the reactive power can improve the power factor, reduce the investment and increase the income of the power grid. In order to meet the provisions of the power supply department and network loss, I put forward the subject of my research this time - the design of substation voltage and reactive power compensation device
Due to the improvement of the domestic people's living standard, the continuous progress of science and technology, the continuous improvement of control, so as to promote the substation design technology in the field of electrical system to occupy the dominant position, but also make the substation is widely used. In the field of substation system design, substation has become a beautiful landscape at present, because its design resources are numerous, the development experience is rich, the most important is the low cost, control in the range of users can afford, so the substation design has gradually become the focus of attention of the world. With the continuous innovation in the field of substation system, the number of more and more, and gradually become the focus of research, so the new generation of us to seriously study the composition of substation control system.
This design is our graduation design, the type of substation design for the regional substation, is in order to meet the requirements of urban production and life, according to the design data and requirements given by the teacher, combined with the basic knowledge and literature. Through this design, the previous knowledge to strengthen the understanding and mastery, review and consolidate the relevant content of professional courses and subject practice, exercise, cultivate the ability of substation design. Master the process of power engineering design on the whole, and familiar with some design methods, for the future engaged in power engineering design work to lay a certain foundation. This design uses THE AT89C52 embedded development system to design the reactive power compensation device of the substation, which is convenient for the subject can also achieve the ultimate goal.
[Keywords] transformer substation, voltage and reactive power compensation, AT89C52 single-chip computer
目 录
第1章 绪论........................................... 1
1.1 本课题的由来................................... 1
1.2 课题的背景和意义............................... 1
1.2.1 无功功率的产生........................... 1
1.2.2 无功功率的影响........................... 2
1.2.3 无功补偿的作用........................... 2
1.2.4 电容补偿基本概念......................... 2
1.3 几种无功补偿调压措施........................... 4
1.4 国内外研究的现状............................... 5
1.4.1 研究现状................................. 5
1.4.2 无功控制基本原理......................... 6
1.5 本装置实现的功能............................... 7
1.5.1 基本控制功能............................. 7
1.5.2 应达到的主要技术指标..................... 7
第二章 系统总体设计和硬件设计......................... 8
2.1 本系统的总体设计............................... 8
2.2 方案确定....................................... 8
2.3 硬件设计....................................... 9
2.3.1 单片机的选型及内存分配................... 9
2.3.2 AT89C52单片机组成及特点................ 10
2.3.3 片内和片外RAM单元的分配................ 14
2.3.4 AT89C52在系统中应用管脚的功能.......... 15
2.4 信号采集...................................... 15
2.4.1 电压信号的采集.......................... 15
2.4.2 电流信号的采集.......................... 16
2.5 相位判断...................................... 16
2.5.1 比较器LM393............................ 16
2.6 功率因数的获得................................ 18
2.6.1 设计原理说明............................ 18
2.6.2 CS5460A的特性.......................... 19
2.6.3管脚描述................................ 19
2.6.4 CS5460A的介绍.......................... 20
2.6.5 串口总述................................ 21
2.7 存储器看门狗部分.............................. 24
2.7.1 概述.................................... 25
2.7.2 X5045的介绍............................ 25
2.8 键盘显示电路.................................. 29
2.8.1 8155的介绍............................. 29
2.9 输出部分...................................... 33
第三章 软件的设计.................................... 35
3.1主程序设计.................................... 35
3.1.1中断.................................... 35
3.1.2 功率因数计算............................ 35
3.1.3 投切判断的依据.......................... 35
3.1.4 串行EEPROM............................. 35
3.2 CS5460A初始化子程序.......................... 35
3.2.1 读CS5460A子程序........................ 37
3.2.2 写5045子程序........................... 38
3.2.3 读5045子程序........................... 38
3.3判断相位子程序................................ 39
3.4 键盘/显示程序设计............................. 40
第四章 运行和调试.................................... 44
4.1 硬件的调试.................................... 44
4.1.1 存储器模块的安装调试.................... 44
4.1.2 电源模块的安装调试...................... 44
4.1.3 模拟量接入部分的调试.................... 44
4.2 软件调试...................................... 44
4.2.1 电流、电压、及功率因数读取显示子程序.... 44
4.2.2 相位判断子程序.......................... 44
结论.................................................. 45
谢 辞................................................ 46
参考文献.............................................. 47
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变电站电压无功补偿装置的设计资源-CSDN文库
