app稳定性测试-iOS篇

稳定性测试：测试应用程序在长时间运行过程中是否存在内存泄漏、崩溃等问题，以确保应用程序具有较高的稳定性和可靠性。

对于安卓端，官方提供了很好的稳定性测试工具：monkey。相比较而言，iOS则没有，而且当前网络上似乎也没有很好的第三方工具可以使用，因此只能自己写了。

我们要开发的iOS稳定性测试程序，应该至少包含以下内容：

持续随机触发UI事件
崩溃重启，测试不中断
日志记录

首先我们确定以上设想的可行性，然后再制定实施方案。在iOS原生开发语言swift和object-C中提供了可进行单元测试和UI测试的XCTest框架，而同样可进行移动端UI测试的第三方框架还有Appium等，但相比较第三方的开源框架，原生的XCTest框架性能更好且更稳定，因此这里我们选择基于swift语言和XCTest框架来开发。

XCTest框架提供了非常全面的启动App和UI操作相关的API接口，因此1、2两点完全可以实现，当然第三点的日志记录的实现也同样不会有什么问题。接下来就是具体实施了。

首先，我们创建一个用来执行测试的主类：StabilityTestRunner，然后再编写代码去实现以上三点。

持续随机触发UI事件

让我们拆分一下，随机触发UI事件，实际上包含两部分：随机UI元素和随机的UI操作。

那么：随机生成UI元素：

func randomElement(of types: [ElementType]) -> XCUIElement? { var allElement:[XCUIElement] = [] for type in types { if !self.exists{ break } var elements: [XCUIElement] if self.alerts.count > 0 { elements = self.alerts.descendants(matching: type).allElementsBoundByIndex }else { elements = self.descendants(matching: type).allElementsBoundByIndex } let filteredElements = elements.filter { element in if !element.exists { return false } if !element.isHittable || !element.isEnabled { return false // Filter out non clickable and blocked elements. } return true } allElement.append(contentsOf: filteredElements) } return allElement.randomElement() }

随机生成UI操作：

/** Random execution of the given UI operation. - parameter element: Page Elements. - parameter actions: Dictionary objects containing different UI operations. */ private func performRandomAction(on element: XCUIElement, actions: [String: (XCUIElement) -> ()]) { let keys = Array(actions.keys) let randomIndex = Int.random(in: 0..<keys.count) let randomKey = keys[randomIndex] let action = actions[randomKey] if action == nil { return } if !element.exists { return } if !element.isHittable { return } Utils.log("step\(currentStep): \(randomKey) \(element.description)") action!(element) }

持续测试和崩溃重启

while !isTestingComplete{ // Randomly select page elements. let element = app.randomElement(of: elementType) if element != nil { currentStep += 1 takeScreenshot(element: element!) performRandomAction(on: element!, actions: actions) // Perform random UI operations. XCTWaiter().wait(for: [XCTNSPredicateExpectation(predicate: NSPredicate(format: "self == %d", XCUIApplication.State.runningForeground.rawValue), object: app)], timeout: stepInterval) if app.state != .runningForeground { if app.state == .notRunning || app.state == .unknown { Utils.saveImagesToFiles(images: screenshotData) Utils.saveImagesToFiles(images: screenshotOfElementData, name: "screenshot_element") Utils.log("The app crashed. The screenshot before the crash has been saved in the screenshot folder.") } app.activate() } } }

日志记录

记录截图并标记UI元素：

private func takeScreenshot(element: XCUIElement) { let screenshot = app.windows.firstMatch.screenshot().image if screenshotData.count == 3 { let minKey = screenshotData.keys.sorted().first! screenshotData.removeValue(forKey: minKey) } let screenshotWithRect = Utils.drawRectOnImage(image: screenshot, rect: element.frame) screenshotData[currentStep] = screenshotWithRect.pngData() let screenshotOfElement = element.screenshot().pngRepresentation if screenshotOfElementData.count == 3 { let minKey = screenshotOfElementData.keys.sorted().first! screenshotOfElementData.removeValue(forKey: minKey) } screenshotOfElementData[currentStep] = screenshotOfElement }

通过文本日志记录测试执行过程：

static func log(_ message: String) { print(message) let dateFormatter = DateFormatter() dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" let dateString = dateFormatter.string(from: Date()) let fileManager = FileManager.default do { try fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: logSavingPath, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil) } catch { print("Error creating images directory: \(error)") } var fileURL: URL if #available(iOS 16.0, *) { fileURL = URL.init(filePath: logSavingPath).appendingPathComponent("log.txt") } else { fileURL = URL.init(fileURLWithPath: logSavingPath).appendingPathComponent("log.txt") } do { try "\(dateString) \(message)".appendLineToURL(fileURL: fileURL) } catch { print("Error writing to log file: \(error)") }

日志导出：

// To add the log files to the test results file, you can view it on your Mac. The test results file path: /User/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AppStability-*/Logs. let zipFile = "\(NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.documentDirectory, .userDomainMask, true)[0])/Logs.zip" let attachment = XCTAttachment(contentsOfFile: URL(fileURLWithPath: zipFile)) attachment.name = "Logs" attachment.lifetime = .keepAlways // Add the "Logs.zip" file to the end of test result file. add(attachment) Utils.log("The logs for test steps has been added to the end of test result file at /User/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AppStability-*/Logs")