某些场景下需要在节点上同时部署openmpi和mpich，根据需要决定使用哪种。此时若有一种方法可以进行轻松切换则会极其便捷。

故而文中方法应运而生

文件 1：配置文件

路径：/etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf

MPI_IMPLEMENTATION=openmpi

文件 2：自动加载脚本

路径：/etc/profile.d/mpi.sh

# /etc/profile.d/mpi.sh - Auto MPI loader (Default: OpenMPI) # 读取配置 [[ -f /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf ]] && source /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf || MPI_IMPLEMENTATION=openmpi # 检测架构并映射到模块名 case "$(uname -m)" in x86_64) ARCH=x86_64 ;; aarch64|arm64) ARCH=aarch64 ;; ppc64le) ARCH=ppc64le ;; ppc64) ARCH=ppc64 ;; s390x) ARCH=s390x ;; riscv64) ARCH=riscv64 ;; *) ARCH=x86_64 ;; esac # 模块映射表 case "${MPI_IMPLEMENTATION}_${ARCH}" in mpich_x86_64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-x86_64 ;; mpich_aarch64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-aarch64 ;; mpich_ppc64le) MODULE=mpi/mpich-ppc64le ;; mpich_ppc64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-ppc64 ;; mpich_s390x) MODULE=mpi/mpich-s390x ;; mpich_riscv64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-riscv64 ;; openmpi_x86_64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-x86_64 ;; openmpi_aarch64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-aarch64 ;; openmpi_ppc64le) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-ppc64le ;; openmpi_ppc64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-ppc64 ;; openmpi_s390x) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-s390x ;; openmpi_riscv64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-riscv64 ;; mpich_*) MODULE=mpi/mpich ;; openmpi_*) MODULE=mpi/openmpi ;; *) MODULE=mpi/openmpi ;; esac # 加载模块（如果module命令可用） if command -v module >/dev/null 2>&1; then module purge >/dev/null 2>&1 module load "$MODULE" >/dev/null 2>&1 || echo "MPI module $MODULE not available" fi # 设置基本变量 export MPI_IMPL=$MPI_IMPLEMENTATION export MPI_ARCH=$ARCH export MPI_MODULE=$MODULE # 便利命令 mpi-status() { echo "MPI: $MPI_IMPL ($MPI_ARCH)" echo "Module: $MODULE" command -v module >/dev/null 2>&1 && module list | grep -i mpi || echo "Module command not available" }

文件 3：设置工具

路径：/usr/local/bin/mpi-set

#!/bin/bash # Set MPI implementation if [[ $# -ne 1 ]] || [[ "$1" != "mpich" && "$1" != "openmpi" ]]; then echo "Usage: $0 {mpich|openmpi}" current=$(grep MPI_IMPLEMENTATION /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2) echo "Current: ${current:-openmpi}" exit 1 fi echo "MPI_IMPLEMENTATION=$1" > /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf echo "MPI set to: $1" echo "New logins will use $1 automatically"

文件 4：安装脚本

路径：/usr/local/sbin/install-mpi-manager

#!/bin/bash # One-step robust installation (Default: OpenMPI) set -e # 创建文件 sudo mkdir -p /etc/mpi-manager echo "MPI_IMPLEMENTATION=openmpi" | sudo tee /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf >/dev/null # 创建自动加载脚本 sudo tee /etc/profile.d/mpi.sh >/dev/null << 'EOF' # /etc/profile.d/mpi.sh - Auto MPI loader (Default: OpenMPI) [[ -f /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf ]] && source /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf || MPI_IMPLEMENTATION=openmpi case "$(uname -m)" in x86_64) ARCH=x86_64 ;; aarch64|arm64) ARCH=aarch64 ;; ppc64le) ARCH=ppc64le ;; ppc64) ARCH=ppc64 ;; s390x) ARCH=s390x ;; riscv64) ARCH=riscv64 ;; *) ARCH=x86_64 ;; esac case "${MPI_IMPLEMENTATION}_${ARCH}" in mpich_x86_64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-x86_64 ;; mpich_aarch64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-aarch64 ;; mpich_ppc64le) MODULE=mpi/mpich-ppc64le ;; mpich_ppc64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-ppc64 ;; mpich_s390x) MODULE=mpi/mpich-s390x ;; mpich_riscv64) MODULE=mpi/mpich-riscv64 ;; openmpi_x86_64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-x86_64 ;; openmpi_aarch64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-aarch64 ;; openmpi_ppc64le) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-ppc64le ;; openmpi_ppc64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-ppc64 ;; openmpi_s390x) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-s390x ;; openmpi_riscv64) MODULE=mpi/openmpi-riscv64 ;; mpich_*) MODULE=mpi/mpich ;; openmpi_*) MODULE=mpi/openmpi ;; *) MODULE=mpi/openmpi ;; esac if command -v module >/dev/null 2>&1; then module purge >/dev/null 2>&1 module load "$MODULE" >/dev/null 2>&1 || echo "MPI module $MODULE not available" fi export MPI_IMPL=$MPI_IMPLEMENTATION export MPI_ARCH=$ARCH export MPI_MODULE=$MODULE mpi-status() { echo "MPI: $MPI_IMPL ($MPI_ARCH)" echo "Module: $MODULE" command -v module >/dev/null 2>&1 && module list | grep -i mpi || echo "Module command not available" } EOF # 创建设置工具 sudo tee /usr/local/bin/mpi-set >/dev/null << 'EOF' #!/bin/bash if [[ $# -ne 1 ]] || [[ "$1" != "mpich" && "$1" != "openmpi" ]]; then echo "Usage: $0 {mpich|openmpi}" current=$(grep MPI_IMPLEMENTATION /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf 2>/dev/null | cut -d'=' -f2) echo "Current: ${current:-openmpi}" exit 1 fi echo "MPI_IMPLEMENTATION=$1" > /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf echo "MPI set to: $1" EOF # 设置权限 sudo chmod 644 /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf /etc/profile.d/mpi.sh sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/mpi-set echo "Installation completed! (Default: OpenMPI)" echo "Config: /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf" echo "Current: $(grep MPI_IMPLEMENTATION /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf)" echo "" echo "Usage:" echo " mpi-set mpich # Switch to MPICH" echo " mpi-set openmpi # Switch to OpenMPI (default)" echo " source /etc/profile" echo " mpi-status"

文件 5：卸载脚本（可选）

路径：/usr/local/sbin/uninstall-mpi-manager

#!/bin/bash sudo rm -f /etc/mpi-manager/mpi.conf sudo rm -f /etc/profile.d/mpi.sh sudo rm -f /usr/local/bin/mpi-set echo "Uninstalled"

安装和使用

安装

sudo /usr/local/sbin/install-mpi-manager

切换 MPI 实现

sudo mpi-set mpich # 切换到 MPICH sudo mpi-set openmpi # 切换到 OpenMPI（默认）

生效和使用

# 新登录自动生效（默认 OpenMPI） # 当前 shell 生效： source /etc/profile # 查看状态： mpi-status