在如今的互联网时代，随着软件开发复杂度的不断提高，软件开发和发布管理也越来越重要。目前已经形成一套标准的流程，最重要的组成部分就是持续集成（Continuous Integration，CI）及持续部署、交付（CD）。在此，我们来以一个案例初步了解 CI 流程。那么什么是 CI 呢？简单来讲，CI 就是将传统的代码合并、构建、部署、测试都集成在一起，不断地执行这个过程，并对结果进行反馈。
CI 流程设计图：
工作流程：
开发人员提交代码到Git版本仓库；
Jenkins人工/定时触发项目构建；
Jenkins拉取代码、代码编码、打包镜像、推送到镜像仓库；
Jenkins在Docker主机创建容器并发布
主机环境规划：
docker-jenkins： 10.0.0.98
docker-git-harbor：10.0.0.99
01 部署Git代码版本仓库
安装：
[root@docker-git-harbor ~]# yum install git -y配置git用户：
[root@docker-git-harbor ~]# useradd git[root@docker-git-harbor ~]# passwd git
创建库：
[git@docker-git-harbor ~]$ mkdir tomcat-java-demo.git[git@docker-git-harbor ~]$ cd tomcat-java-demo.git/[git@docker-git-harbor tomcat-java-demo.git]$ git --bare initInitialized empty Git repository in /home/git/tomcat-java-demo.git/[git@docker-git-harbor tomcat-java-demo.git]$ lsbranches config description HEAD hooks info objects refs[git@docker-git-harbor tomcat-java-demo.git]$
另一台docker-jenkins访问该仓库：
[root@docker-jenkins ~]# git clone git@10.0.0.99:/home/git/tomcat-java-demo.gitCloning into 'solo'...The authenticity of host '10.0.0.99 (10.0.0.99)' can't beestablished.ECDSA key fingerprintis SHA256:XNWQhGsAsqd84k/6OYV3xl1+mPGjtASsxeV1YVLZVas.ECDSA keyfingerprint is MD5:b4:bd:16:2b:de:e7:7c:fd:c5:dd:91:75:20:ff:3e:0a.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '10.0.0.99' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.git@10.0.0.99'spassword:warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.[root@docker-jenkins ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg tomcat-java-demo.git[root@docker-jenkins ~]# ls tomcat-java-demo.git[root@docker-jenkins ~]#
模拟生产项目，拉取github上的一个demo，并上传至本地git库
[root@docker-jenkins ~]# mv tomcat-java-demo tomcat-java-demo.bak[root@docker-jenkins ~]# git clone https://github.com/dingkai163/tomcat-java-demo.git[root@docker-jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# cat .git/config[core]repositoryformatversion = 0filemode = truebare = falselogallrefupdates = true[remote "origin"]url = git@10.0.0.99:/home/git/tomcat-java-demo.git # 修改为本地的git库地址fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*[branch "master"]remote = originmerge = refs/heads/master[root@docker-jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# git add .[root@docker-jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# git status# On branch masternothing to commit, working directory clean[root@docker-jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# git commit -m "all"# On branch masternothingto commit, working directory clean[root@docker-jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# git push origin mastergit@10.0.0.99'spassword:Counting objects: 229, done.Compressing objects: 100% (185/185), done.Writing objects: 100% (229/229), 4.52 MiB | 0 bytes/s, done.Total 229 (delta 25), reused 229 (delta 25)To git@10.0.0.99:/home/git/tomcat-java-demo.git* [new branch] master -> master[root@docker-jenkins tomcat-java-demo]#
02 jenkins环境部署
部署jdk环境及maven
[root@docker-jenkins ~]# mkdir tools[root@docker-jenkins ~]# cd tools[root@docker-jenkins tools]# rz -y[root@docker-jenkins tools]# tar zxvf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz[root@docker-jenkins tools]# mv jdk1.8.0_45 /usr/local/jdk[root@docker-jenkins tools]# vim /etc/profileJAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdkPATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarexport JAVA_HOME PATH CLASSPATH[root@docker-jenkins tools]# source /etc/profile[root@docker-jenkins tools]# java -versionjava version "1.8.0_45"Java(TM)SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_45-b14)Java HotSpot(TM)64-Bit Server VM (build 25.45-b02, mixed mode)[root@docker-jenkins tools]# tar zxf apache-maven-3.5.0-bin.tar.gz[root@docker-jenkins tools]# mv apache-maven-3.5.0 /usr/local/maven
在10.0.0.98主机安装Jenkins，下载Tomcat二进制包将war包到webapps下即可：
[root@docker-jenkins tools]# wget http://mirrors.jenkins.io/war-stable/latest/jenkins.war[root@docker-jenkins tools]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.38/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.38.tar.gz[root@docker-jenkins tools]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-8.5.38.tar.gz[root@docker-jenkins tools]# lsapache-tomcat-8.5.38 apache-tomcat-8.5.38.tar.gz jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz jenkins.war[root@docker-jenkins tools]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.38 /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins[root@docker-jenkins tools]# ls /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/webapps/docs examples host-manager manager ROOT[root@docker-jenkins tools]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/webapps/*[root@docker-jenkins tools]# mv jenkins.war /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/webapps/ROOT.war[root@docker-jenkins tools]# ll /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/webapps/total 75520-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 77330344 Mar 15 00:55 ROOT.war[root@docker-jenkins tools]# cd /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/bin/[root@docker-jenkins bin]# ./startup.shUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat-jenkinsUsingCATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat-jenkinsUsing CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/tempUsing JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat-jenkins/bin/tomcat-juli.jarTomcat started.[root@docker-jenkins bin]#
启动后，浏览器访问http://10.0.0.98:8080/，按提示输入密码，登录即可。
03 部署私有镜像仓库
企业级harbor镜像仓库部署：
https://www.cnblogs.com/kaye/p/10524391.html
构建Tomcat基础镜像，并推送到harbor镜像库：
[root@docker-git-harbor ~]# cd tomcat[root@docker-git-harbor tomcat]# cat Dockerfile-tomcatFROM centos:7MAINTAINER www.cnblogs.com/kaye/ENV VERSION=8.5.38RUN yum install java-1.8.0-openjdkwget curl unzip iproute net-tools -y && \yum clean all && \rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*RUN wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v${VERSION}/bin/apachetomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz && \tar zxf apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz && \mv apache-tomcat-${VERSION} /usr/local/tomcat && \rm -rf apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/* && \mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test && \echo "ok" > /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/status.html && \sed -i '1a JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"' /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh && \ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtimeENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/binEXPOSE 8080CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"][root@docker-git-harbor tomcat]# docker build -t tomcat:v1 -f Dockerfile-tomcat .[root@docker-git-harbor tomcat]# docker tag tomcat:v1 reg.dingkai.com/library/tomcat:v1[root@docker-git-harbor tomcat]# docker login reg.dingkai.com[root@docker-git-harbor tomcat]# docker push reg.dingkai.com/library/tomcat:v1
04 Jenkins安装必要插件
由于jenkins是离线安装，所有在此需要配置一下插件下载地址：系统管理-->插件管理-->Advanced
修改下方地址，将https修改为http 再点Submit
Submit后点击Available，Check now此时我们可以看到很多可获得插件
首先搜索并安装Pipeline插件
pipeline 是一套运行于jenkins上的工作流框架，将原本独立运行于单个或者多个节点的任务连接起来，实现单个任务难以完成的复杂流程编排与可视化。
再安装SCM to job 插件，同上步骤（搜索，安装）。
05 项目创建
创建jobs
选择流水线类型
到这里我们就开始配置Pipeline script，点击Pipeline语法，来自动生成我们需要的配置。
如下图，我们Git方式，配置Git仓库地址，再添加认证相关。
这里我们使用的是秘钥认证方式，需要将jenkins上生成的公钥发送到git服务器上，然后将jenkins上的生成的私钥内容粘贴到下图Key中，这样jenkins就可以免交互的拉取git仓库中的代码了。
[root@docker-jenkins bin]# ssh-keygenGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which tosavethe key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):Enterpassphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification hasbeen saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public keyhas been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The keyfingerprint is:SHA256:1vD8XM3lDYFmrxgAbwPTLwb0fl+oEx8cFgtykpg4ODI root@docker-jenkinsThe key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 2048]----+| . o==o.o ... ||E o o +=++ .+o . || o . . .*o o+.. .|| oo*oo o.=o|| .S.*o+.o =|| . ..B.+ || o = || . || |+----[SHA256]-----+[root@docker-jenkins bin]# cd[root@docker-jenkins ~]#[root@docker-jenkins ~]#[root@docker-jenkins ~]# ls .ssh/id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts[root@docker-jenkins ~]# ssh-copy-id git@10.0.0.99/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keysgit@10.0.0.99'spassword:Number of key(s)added: 1Now trylogging into the machine, with: "ssh 'git@10.0.0.99'"andcheck to make sure that onlythe key(s)you wanted were added.[root@docker-jenkins ~]#
配置完成后，我们就可以生成Pipeline脚本了。点击下方Generate Pipeline Script，然后复制方框内的内容。
编写我们所需要的Pipeline脚本如下，将其粘贴到script的拉取代码模块中，并修改分支master为${branch}，其他模块内容自行编写。
node {// 拉取代码 stage('Git Checkout') {checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: '${branch}']], doGenerateSubmoduleConfigurations: false, extensions: [], submoduleCfg: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: 'c42214eb-db1e-49fb-83c9-f78d1f4310a2', url: 'git@10.0.0.99:/home/git/tomcat-java-demo.git']]])} // 代码编译 stage('Maven Build') {sh '''export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/usr/local/maven/bin/mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true ''' } // 项目打包到镜像并推送到镜像仓库/usr/local/maven/bin/mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true ''' } // 项目打包到镜像并推送到镜像仓库 stage('Build and Push Image') {sh '''REPOSITORY=reg.dingkai.com/library/tomcat-java-demo:${branch}cat > Dockerfile << EOFFROM reg.dingkai.com/library/tomcat:v1MAINTAINER kaiRUN rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/*ADD target/*.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT.warEOFEOFdocker build -t $REPOSITORY .docker login reg.dingkai.com -u admin -p 123456docker push $REPOSITORY'''}// 部署到Docker主机'''}// 部署到Docker主机stage('Deploy to Docker') {sh '''REPOSITORY=reg.dingkai.com/library/tomcat-java-demo:${branch}docker rm -f tomcat-java-demo |truedocker pull $REPOSITORYdocker container run -d --name tomcat-java-demo -p 88:8080 $REPOSITORY'''}}
在Pipeline脚本里面我们指定了一个branch参数，所以我们需要传递一个参数变量，这里我们选择参数化构建，默认值为master分支。
然后保存配置。
06 开始构建任务
回到主界面，我们开始构建任务
可以通过Console Output输出查看jenkins构建流程
成功构建会提示： SUCCESS
我们也可以查看构建成功后的图形构建过程
感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：
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