【dz-1008】基于单片机的环境监测系统设计

摘要

随着人们对生活环境质量关注度的不断提升，对环境参数的精准监测与及时预警变得尤为重要。传统的环境监测方式多依赖人工采样和实验室分析，不仅耗时费力、响应滞后，还存在数据获取不及时、监测范围有限等问题，难以满足实时、全面的环境监测需求。

基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的环境监测系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、GP2Y10 粉尘浓度传感器、三杯式风速传感器、FX 风向模块、YS 雨量模块、OLED 显示屏、3 个独立按键及 ESP8266WiFi 模块等，实现了对环境参数的自动化监测、报警及远程控制。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测环境温湿度，当温湿度超出阈值时启动声光报警；借助 GP2Y10 检测粉尘浓度，浓度大于最大值时进行声光报警；利用三杯式风速传感器监测风速，风速大于最大值时触发声光报警；通过 FX 风向模块获取风向信息；依靠 YS 雨量模块监测雨量，雨量大于最大值时发出声光报警；OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；3 个独立按键可用于设置各参数阈值；ESP8266WiFi 模块将数据发送至手机端，且手机端能设置各阈值。该系统的实现，有效提升了环境监测的实时性与准确性，及时对异常环境参数进行预警，减少了人工干预，为环境管理提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类环境监测设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。

关键词：STM32F103C8T6；环境监测；传感器；声光报警；WiFi 通信；阈值设置

ABSTRACT

With the increasing attention paid to the quality of living environment, accurate monitoring and timely early warning of environmental parameters have become particularly important. Traditional environmental monitoring methods mostly rely on manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive with delayed responses, but also have problems such as untimely data acquisition and limited monitoring range, making it difficult to meet the needs of real-time and comprehensive environmental monitoring.

The environmental monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, GP2Y10 dust concentration sensor, wind speed module, FX wind direction module, YS rainfall module, OLED display, 3 independent buttons and ESP8266WiFi module, etc., realizing automatic monitoring, alarm and remote control of environmental parameters. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11, activating sound and light alarm when temperature and humidity exceed the threshold; detecting dust concentration with GP2Y10, conducting sound and light alarm when the concentration is greater than the maximum value; monitoring wind speed with wind speed module, triggering sound and light alarm when the wind speed is greater than the maximum value; obtaining wind direction information through FX wind direction module; monitoring rainfall by YS rainfall module, issuing sound and light alarm when the rainfall is greater than the maximum value; OLED display showing various monitoring data in real-time; 3 independent buttons for setting each parameter threshold; ESP8266WiFi module sending data to the mobile phone, and the mobile phone can set each threshold.

The implementation of this system effectively improves the real-time performance and accuracy of environmental monitoring, timely warns of abnormal environmental parameters, reduces manual intervention, provides an efficient and reliable solution for environmental management, and also offers a reference for the research and development of similar environmental monitoring equipment, with high practical application value.

Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Environmental monitoring; Sensor; Sound and light alarm; WiFi communication; Threshold setting

第 1 章绪论

1.1 研究的目的及意义

1.2 国内外发展情况

1.3 本文主要研究内容

第2章设计思路与方案论证

2.1 主要元器件选择

2.1.1 主控芯片选择

2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择

2.1.3 粉尘浓度传感器选择

2.1.4 风速模块选择

2.1.5 风向模块选择