SpringBoot集成Hera，分布式应用监控与追踪解决方案

大家好，我是小悟。

一、Hera概述

1.1 什么是Hera

Hera是一款由美团点评开源的分布式应用监控与追踪系统，专注于解决微服务架构下的性能监控、故障诊断和链路追踪问题。它借鉴了Google Dapper的设计理念，并结合了互联网企业的实际需求进行了优化和改进。

1.2 核心特性

全链路追踪：支持跨服务、跨线程的调用链追踪
实时监控：提供实时的性能指标和业务监控
可视化分析：通过Web界面直观展示调用链路和性能数据
低侵入性：通过Agent方式实现，对业务代码影响小
高性能：采用异步上报机制，对应用性能影响极小
多维分析：支持按应用、接口、机器等多维度分析

1.3 架构组件

Hera-Agent：数据采集代理，部署在应用服务器
Hera-Collector：数据收集器，接收Agent上报的数据
Hera-Query：查询服务，提供数据查询接口
Hera-Web：可视化界面，展示监控数据
Hera-Alarm：告警服务，配置监控告警规则

1.4 工作原理

Agent通过字节码增强技术植入到应用中
收集Trace、Span、Metric等数据
异步上报到Collector
数据存储到Elasticsearch或HBase
通过Web界面进行可视化展示

二、SpringBoot集成Hera详细步骤

2.1 环境准备

2.1.1 依赖版本

<!-- pom.xml 添加依赖管理 --> <properties> <spring-boot.version>2.7.14</spring-boot.version> <hera.version>2.0.0</hera.version> </properties>

2.1.2 下载Hera组件

从GitHub下载最新版本：

# Hera仓库地址：https://github.com/Meituan-Dianping/Hera wget https://github.com/Meituan-Dianping/Hera/releases/download/v2.0.0/hera-distribution-2.0.0.tar.gz tar -zxvf hera-distribution-2.0.0.tar.gz

2.2 部署Hera服务端

2.2.1 修改配置文件

# hera-collector/config/application.yml server: port: 8081 storage: type: elasticsearch elasticsearch: cluster-nodes: localhost:9200 index-prefix: hera # hera-web/config/application.yml server: port: 8080 query: service-url: http://localhost:8082

2.2.2 启动服务

# 启动Collector cd hera-collector/bin ./startup.sh # 启动Query cd hera-query/bin ./startup.sh # 启动Web cd hera-web/bin ./startup.sh

2.3 SpringBoot应用集成

2.3.1 添加Maven依赖

<!-- pom.xml --> <dependencies> <!-- SpringBoot基础依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>${spring-boot.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Hera Agent Core --> <dependency> <groupId>com.meituan.hera</groupId> <artifactId>hera-agent-core</artifactId> <version>${hera.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Hera SpringBoot Starter --> <dependency> <groupId>com.meituan.hera</groupId> <artifactId>hera-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${hera.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 其他依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>

2.3.2 配置文件

# application.yml server: port: 8080 spring: application: name: demo-service # Hera配置 hera: enabled: true app-name: ${spring.application.name} env: dev collector: host: localhost port: 8081 trace: enable: true sample-rate: 1.0 # 采样率 metrics: enable: true interval: 60s # 上报间隔

2.3.3 启动类配置

// DemoApplication.java import com.meituan.hera.spring.boot.autoconfigure.EnableHera; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication @EnableHera // 启用Hera监控 public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }

2.4 业务代码增强

2.4.1 创建示例Controller

// UserController.java import com.meituan.hera.trace.annotation.Trace; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/users") public class UserController { @GetMapping("/{id}") @Trace // 添加追踪注解 public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { // 模拟业务逻辑 try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return new User(id, "User" + id); } @PostMapping @Trace(name = "createUser") // 自定义Span名称 public User createUser(@RequestBody User user) { // 业务处理 return user; } @GetMapping("/list") public List<User> listUsers(@RequestParam int page, @RequestParam int size) { // 分页查询 return userService.getUsers(page, size); } } // User.java public class User { private Long id; private String name; // 构造方法、getter、setter省略 }

2.4.2 添加Service层追踪

// UserService.java import com.meituan.hera.trace.annotation.Trace; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserService { @Trace public User getUserById(Long id) { // 模拟数据库查询 simulateDatabaseQuery(); return new User(id, "User" + id); } @Trace(name = "batchQuery") public List<User> getUsers(int page, int size) { List<User> users = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { users.add(new User((long) i, "User" + i)); } return users; } private void simulateDatabaseQuery() { try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } } }

2.4.3 添加Feign客户端支持

// UserFeignClient.java import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; @FeignClient(name = "user-service", url = "${user.service.url}") public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/users/{id}") User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id); } // 配置类 @Configuration public class FeignConfig { @Bean public feign.okhttp.OkHttpClient okHttpClient() { return new feign.okhttp.OkHttpClient(); } }

2.5 自定义监控指标

2.5.1 自定义Metric

// CustomMetrics.java import com.meituan.hera.metrics.api.MetricRegistry; import com.meituan.hera.metrics.api.Counter; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; @Component public class CustomMetrics { private Counter userLoginCounter; private Counter apiErrorCounter; @PostConstruct public void init() { userLoginCounter = MetricRegistry.getCounter("user.login.count"); apiErrorCounter = MetricRegistry.getCounter("api.error.count"); } public void recordLogin() { userLoginCounter.inc(); } public void recordApiError() { apiErrorCounter.inc(); } }

2.5.2 业务监控切面

// MonitorAspect.java import com.meituan.hera.trace.TraceContext; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Aspect @Component public class MonitorAspect { private final CustomMetrics customMetrics; public MonitorAspect(CustomMetrics customMetrics) { this.customMetrics = customMetrics; } @Around("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping) || " + "@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping)") public Object monitorApi(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); String traceId = TraceContext.getTraceId(); try { Object result = joinPoint.proceed(); long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; // 记录成功指标 recordSuccessMetrics(joinPoint, duration); return result; } catch (Exception e) { customMetrics.recordApiError(); throw e; } } private void recordSuccessMetrics(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, long duration) { String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName(); // 记录到监控系统 } }

2.6 高级配置

2.6.1 过滤器配置

// TraceFilter.java import com.meituan.hera.trace.TraceContext; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; @Component @Order(1) public class TraceFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; // 从请求头获取Trace信息 String traceId = httpRequest.getHeader("X-Trace-ID"); String spanId = httpRequest.getHeader("X-Span-ID"); if (traceId != null) { TraceContext.setTraceId(traceId); } if (spanId != null) { TraceContext.setSpanId(spanId); } try { chain.doFilter(request, response); } finally { TraceContext.clear(); } } }

2.6.2 线程池配置

// ThreadPoolConfig.java import com.meituan.hera.trace.instrument.async.TraceableExecutorService; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; @Configuration public class ThreadPoolConfig { @Bean("traceableExecutor") public ExecutorService traceableExecutor() { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); return new TraceableExecutorService(executor); } }

三、验证与测试

3.1 启动应用测试

# 启动SpringBoot应用 mvn spring-boot:run # 测试API curl http://localhost:8080/api/users/1 curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/users \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"id": 2, "name": "Test User"}'

3.2 查看Hera监控界面

访问http://localhost:8080(Hera Web界面)
查看应用列表，确认demo-service已注册
点击进入调用链查询
查看具体的Trace详情

3.3 日志配置

# application.yml 追加日志配置 logging: level: com.meituan.hera: DEBUG pattern: console: "%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} [TraceID:%X{traceId}] - %msg%n"

四、生产环境部署建议

4.1 性能优化配置

# application-prod.yml hera: enabled: true app-name: ${spring.application.name} env: prod collector: host: hera-collector.prod.svc.cluster.local port: 8081 trace: enable: true sample-rate: 0.1 # 生产环境降低采样率 metrics: enable: true interval: 30s buffer: size: 10000 flush-interval: 5s

4.2 Kubernetes部署配置

# deployment.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: demo-service spec: replicas: 3 template: spec: containers: - name: app image: demo-service:latest env: - name: HERA_AGENT_OPTS value: "-javaagent:/app/agent/hera-agent.jar" - name: HERA_APP_NAME value: "demo-service" - name: HERA_ENV value: "prod" volumeMounts: - name: hera-agent mountPath: /app/agent volumes: - name: hera-agent configMap: name: hera-agent-config