智能水族箱

摘要

在水族养殖领域，水质稳定、环境适宜是保障水生生物健康生长的关键。传统水族箱管理依赖人工调控水温、换水、投喂等操作，存在监测不及时、调控精度低、耗时费力等问题，易导致水温骤变、水质恶化等影响生物生存的情况。因此，研发一种集环境监测、自动调控、智能交互于一体的智能水族箱系统十分必要。

本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能水族箱系统。系统主要功能包括：通过防水式 DS18B20 传感器检测水温，当水温低于设置最小值时，自动控制防水加热棒启动加热；借助 TSW-30 浊度传感器监测水质浑浊度，超标时通过双继电器驱动水泵完成换水操作；利用 5516 光敏电阻感知环境光照，光照不足时自动开启补光设备；通过 DS1302 时钟模块获取时间，支持按键设置 3 个定时投喂时间点，到时后由 ULN2003A 芯片驱动步进电机完成投喂，10 秒后自动关闭；支持按键设置充氧间隔时间，实现周期性充氧；通过按键可自定义各项环境阈值，也能手动控制加热、换水、补光、充氧及投喂功能；所有监测数据通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示；借助 ESP8266 WIFI 模块将数据传输至手机端，支持远程调节阈值与设备控制。

该智能水族箱系统的作用在于，构建了 “环境感知 - 自动调控 - 远程管理” 的智能化养殖体系。通过多模块协同工作实现水质、水温、光照等环境参数的精准调控，减少人工干预，为水生生物提供稳定适宜的生存环境，同时提升养殖管理的便捷性与科学性。

关键词：单片机；智能水族箱；环境监测；自动调控；远程管理

Intelligent Aquarium

Abstract

In the field of aquaculture, stable water quality and suitable environment are the key to ensuring the healthy growth of aquatic organisms. Traditional aquarium management relies on manual regulation of water temperature, water change, feeding, and other operations, which suffer from problems such as untimely monitoring, low regulation accuracy, and time-consuming and laborious processes. This can easily lead to sudden changes in water temperature, deterioration of water quality, and other situations that affect the survival of organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intelligent aquarium system that integrates environmental monitoring, automatic regulation, and intelligent interaction.

This design proposes an intelligent aquarium system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting water temperature through a waterproof DS18B20 sensor, and automatically controlling the waterproof heating rod to start heating when the water temperature is below the set minimum value; Use TSW-30 turbidity sensor to monitor the turbidity of water quality, and when it exceeds the standard, use dual relays to drive the water pump to complete the water change operation; Use 5516 photoresistor to sense ambient light, and automatically turn on the supplementary lighting device when the light is insufficient; Time is obtained through the DS1302 clock module, which supports setting three timed feeding time points with buttons. When the time is up, the ULN2003A chip drives the stepper motor to complete feeding, and it automatically shuts off after 10 seconds; Support button setting of oxygenation interval time to achieve periodic oxygenation; Various environmental thresholds can be customized through buttons, and heating, water change, lighting, oxygenation, and feeding functions can also be manually controlled; All monitoring data is displayed in real-time on an OLED screen; Using ESP8266 WIFI module to transmit data to the mobile phone, it supports remote adjustment of threshold and device control.

The function of this intelligent aquarium system is to build an intelligent aquaculture system of "environment perception automatic regulation remote management". Through the collaborative work of multiple modules, precise control of environmental parameters such as water quality, water temperature, and light is achieved, reducing human intervention and providing a stable and suitable living environment for aquatic organisms, while improving the convenience and scientificity of aquaculture management.

Keywords：microcontroller; Intelligent aquarium; Environmental monitoring; Automatic regulation; remote management